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NUTRITION 2020 LIVE ONLINE

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June 1 – 4, 2020 (Monday – Thursday)

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P01-003-20 The Relationship Between Inflammatory Cytokines and Calciotropic Hormones in South Asian and Caucasian Men 1340242 Asma Altasan Drexel University May Cheung Drexel University Rosemary DeLuccia Drexel University Rushali Parekh Drexel University Sumer Al-Ani Drexel University Deeptha Sukumar Drexel University The Relationship Between Inflammatory Cytokines and Calciotropic Hormones in South Asian and Caucasian Men Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: The study objective was to identify the differences in inflammatory profile, and possible predictors of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations between South Asian Indians (SAIs) and Caucasians.Methods: Healthy SAIs and Caucasian men, who were 22 to 50 years of age, were recruited. Anthropometric measurements including body composition using Dual X-Ray Energy Absorptiometry and serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D), PTH, Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), C-terminal peptide (CTX), osteocalcin, insulin, adiponectin, and serum glucose concentrations were obtained. Independent t-test was used to report the mean differences between groups. Spearman correlation, and linear regression were used to identify possible predictors of 25(OH)D, and PTH levels. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: 28 SAIs and 28 Caucasians completed the study. Both groups did not significantly differ in their age and BMI. The mean 25(OH)D levels were 22.3±6.6ng/mL and 31.96±9ng/mL for SAIs and Caucasians, (p0.05). The mean adiponectin levels were significantly lower among SAIs (2.26±1.8ng/mL) compared to the Caucasians (71±2.4ng/mL), (pConclusions: The differences in serum levels of 25(OH)D, MMP-9, and adiponectin between the two ethnic groups could explain why SAIs have a higher risk for chronic diseases. Future studies should consider improving vitamin D and adiponectin levels among SAIs via vitamin or minerals supplements that could improve their cardiometabolic health.Funding Sources: Drexel University

P01-004-20 Fecal Fermentation Profile, Serum Fatty Acid Profile and Measures of Liver Health in Male HIV-infected Versus Non-infected Controls 1341537 Mary Andreae East Tennessee State University W Andrew Clark East Tennessee State University John Sterrett East Tennessee State University James Adkins East Tennessee State University Konner Smith Undergraduate Student Joel McGinnis East Tennessee State University Jonathan Peterson East Tennessee State University Jonathan Moorman East Tennessee State University Fecal Fermentation Profile, Serum Fatty Acid Profile and Measures of Liver Health in Male HIV-infected Versus Non-infected Controls Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Many persons with an HIV infection and undergoing treatment still experience weight loss, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, gastrointestinal issues (diarrhea and malabsorption), and symptoms of lipodystrophy. Symptoms include NAFLD and liver fibrosis. The gut microbiota and short chain volatile fatty acids (SCVFA) interface with other body systems. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota due to pharmaceuticals, malabsorption, and chronic diseases is associated with milieu of imbalances indicated by the modification of the SCVFA profile. This study aimed to further elucidate the relationship between gut microbiota fermentation profiles, serum and fecal long chain fatty acid profiles, NAFLD, liver fibrosis, and anthropometric measures in HIV infected males.Methods: This research enrolled 14 HIV-infected and 14 non-infected males that were matched for age and body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric measurements BMI and hip to waist ratio were obtained, along with a liver scan for fatty liver and fibrosis using the ARFI ultrasound technique as well as a single blood draw via venipuncture. A full bowel movement was collected for each participant, a small aliquot was collected for future microbiome analysis, and the remainder was freeze-dried and stored at -80 C. Proximate analysis of fecal fat content was analyzed by soxhlet extraction. Fermentation profile of both fecal SCVFA and LCFA, and serum LCFA were analyzed via gas chromatography.Results: Significant differences in levels of specific SCVFAs were found between groups, with male controls having significantly higher amounts of acetate (pConclusions: In addition to identifying altered lipid circulation and liver damage, this research suggests differences in microbial communities between HIV-infected and non-infected individuals. Planned future microbiome analysis will help to correlate bacterial populations with altered fecal fermentation profiles.Funding Sources: Seed Grant, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, ETSU

P01-005-20 The Short-Term Effects of Prunes in Preventing Inflammation and Improving Indices of Bone Health in Osteopenic Men 1341053 Bahram Arjmandi FSU Kelli George West Virginia University Lauren Ormsbee Florida State University Neda Akhavan Florida State University Joseph Munoz FSU Elizabeth Foley Florida State University Shalom Siebert Florida State University The Short-Term Effects of Prunes in Preventing Inflammation and Improving Indices of Bone Health in Osteopenic Men Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Osteoporosis is a public health concern for both women and men. Chronic inflammation contributes to bone loss; therefore, foods rich in antioxidants, such as prunes, are of great interest. Previously, dietary intervention with prunes has been shown to prevent orchidectomy-induced decreases in BMD, microstructure, and biomechanics in male rats; however, there is a need for this to be studied in a clinical setting in adult males.Methods: Thirty-five men between the ages of 55 and 80 with moderate bone loss were included. The men were randomized into one of three groups: 100g prunes daily, 50g prunes daily, or control group. All three groups also consumed a multivitamin containing 450mg calcium and 800 IU vitamin D. Serum samples from the baseline and three-month time points were analyzed for biomarkers of bone turnover, inflammation, and oxidative stress.Results: After three months, daily consumption of 100 g prunes was associated with a significant decrease in serum concentrations of osteocalcin (pConclusions: Decreases in osteocalcin indicate a decrease in bone turnover, and a higher OPG:RANKL ratio indicates that more RANKL is bound to OPG, and not to osteoclasts, thus downregulating osteoclast activity. Therefore, regular consumption of either 100g or 50g dried plum for three months may make some contributions to bone formation and bone turnover activity, and minimal contribution to decreasing inflammation and improving bone density and quality.Funding Sources: USDA/NIFA, California Prune Board, and Shaklee

P01-006-20 Azelaic Acid Promotes Fatty Acid Desaturation in Caenorhabditis elegans at Cold Temperature, Thereby Enhancing Longevity 1340293 Juan Bai Purdue University Miran Jang Purdue University Renalison Farias Pereira University of Massachusetts Amherst Yuan Zhang Purdue University Hanqiu Xu Purdue University Yeonhwa Park University of Massachusetts Amherst Kee-Hong Kim Purdue University Azelaic Acid Promotes Fatty Acid Desaturation in Caenorhabditis elegans at Cold Temperature, Thereby Enhancing Longevity Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Azelaic acid (AzA), a naturally occurring α,ω-dicarboxylic acid in wheat, rye, barley and sorghum, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation property. AzA has long been used as an antiacne drug by inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis. Recently, its role in reducing high fat diet-induced adiposity through activation of olfactory receptor 544 has been reported. However, its physiological role in environmental stress (e.g., fasting and cold) and aging is unknown.Methods: We conducted PCR analysis and lifespan assay under multiple stress conditions (fasting, cold, and oxidative stress) using C.elegansResults: Using C. elegans as an invertebrate animal model, we demonstrate that AzA treatment resulted in a significant extension of the survival under cold and oxidative stressed condition with no effects on the pumping rates, locomotive activities and growth rate. This was accompanied by a marked increase in expression of fatty acid desaturases genes, such as fat-1, fat-5 and fat-7, with a decrease in lipolysis related genes such as aak-2 and atgl-1. Moreover, the effect of AzA on the survival under cold condition was abolished in the fat-1, fat-5, fat-7 and aak-2 mutants.Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggested that azelaic acid contributes to lifespan extension at low temperature in C. elegans through augmentation of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis.Funding Sources: The Rural Development Administration of the Republic of Korea

P01-007-20 The Effect of Dietary Nitrate and Vitamin C on Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers 1339932 D. Travis Thomas University of Kentucky Reem Basaqr University of Kentucky Michealia Skleres University of Kentucky Rani Jayswal University of Kentucky The Effect of Dietary Nitrate and Vitamin C on Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Examine the effects of concentrated beetroot juice (CBJ) supplementation with and without vitamin C on markers of endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and blood biomarkers) and lipid profiles.Methods: Subjects 50 to 70 years of age with low density lipoprotein (LDL) >130 mg/dL and RHI ≤2 were enrolled in this randomized crossover double-blind study. Two 4-week interventions were separated by a 2-week washout. Subjects were assigned to daily CBJ (70mls) with 1000 mg of vitamin C (NC) or CBJ with matched placebo (N), then switched to alternate treatment. At baseline and 4-weeks, RHI was measured using EndoPAT. Secondary outcomes included the sum of plasma NO metabolites (NO2 + NO3 = NOx), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and serum lipids. Paired t-tests were used to compare differences between treatments.Results: Eighteen of 23 subjects completed all study visits (7 male, 11 females). No significant treatment differences were observed in RHI change (N: 0.21±0.46; NC: 0.20±0.67; p >0.05). NC subjects with baseline RHI of 1.67 (mean = 1.75; n=8; p=0.02). Compared to N, NC resulted in a significant increase in plasma NOx (N: 94.2±15.5 μmol/L; NC: 128.7±29.1 μmol/L; p=0.01). NC treatment reduced oxLDL/NOx ratio compared to N (N: -3.97±2.8U/L; NC: -4.29±3.1 U/L; p=0.02). NC elicited significant reductions in LDL (N: 2.2±2; NC: -10.7±23; p=0.049), and triglycerides (N: 14.6±43; NC: -43.7±45; p=0.03) with no change in serum high density lipoprotein.Conclusions: NC appears effective at improving RHI in subjects with evidence of endothelial dysfunction. Four weeks of NC enriched the NO pool and promoted favorable changes in oxLDL/NOx ratio and blood lipids in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. These preliminary findings highlight a novel supplementation strategy that may reduce the progression of atherosclerotic disease and deserves further attention in studies using flow mediated dilation methods.Funding Sources: Thornton Scholarship funds, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky.

P01-010-20 Estimating Sample Size Required to Establish an Association Between Walnut Intake and Cognitive Change in Older Adults: An Application of Monte Carlo Power Analysis 1341130 Nicholas Bishop Texas State University Estimating Sample Size Required to Establish an Association Between Walnut Intake and Cognitive Change in Older Adults: An Application of Monte Carlo Power Analysis Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Observational studies support a cross-sectional association between walnut intake and cognitive function among older adults, but few of these studies identify walnut intake as a predictor of cognitive change. This project estimates the sample size required to establish a statistically significant association between walnut intake and cognitive change in an observational study using Monte Carlo power analysis.Methods: Initial observations were drawn from the 2012, 2014, and 2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the 2013 Health Care and Nutrition Study (HCNS; age ≥ 65, n = 3,632). Global cognitive function was measured using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status and two operationalizations of walnut intake were investigated (none, low intake (.01 - .08 servings/day), and moderate intake ( > .08 servings/day); no intake vs. any intake). Latent growth models adjusting for covariates and complex sample design were used to estimate age-based developmental trajectories of TICS scores as a function of walnut intake. Parameter estimates from these models were used as starting values in Monte Carlo simulation models replicated for sample sizes from 1,000-50,000.Results: Model estimation required around 1,200 hours of processing time. When measured as a trichotomous variable, the observed association between walnut intake and cognitive change was weak (for moderate intake, b = -0.030, SE = .03) and would require at least 42,000 observations to reduce the standard error to a level where 80% or more of random samples would identify the effect as statistically significant (p b = -0.013, SE = 0.025) and required a sample size of at least 39,000 observations to identify power above .80.Conclusions: Given that the HRS and HCNS are nationally-representative studies, the population size from which an adequate sample would need to be drawn to identify walnut intake as a significant predictor of cognitive decline would exceed the number of adults age 65 and older currently living in the US. Rather than increase sample size of observational studies, researchers should apply quasi-experimental methods and detailed measurement of walnut intake to establish an association between walnut intake and cognitive change.Funding Sources: This research was funded by the California Walnut Commission.

P01-016-20 Sexually Dimorphic Responses to a High-Refined Carbohydrate Diet in a Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mouse Model 1339922 Michael Daniels Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Chun Liu Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Kang-Quan Hu Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Xiang-Dong Wang Nutrition and Cancer Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Sexually Dimorphic Responses to a High-Refined Carbohydrate Diet in a Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mouse Model Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence and prevalence have been reported to be higher in men than women, however, the effects of sexual dimorphism on NAFLD risk and progression have not been adequately examined. Our lab has previously shown that a liquid high-refined carbohydrate diet (HRCD) induced more severe hepatic steatosis compared to an isocaloric high fat diet in male mice. Also, HRCD-induced reduction in sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD-dependent deacetylase protein, has previously been implicated in NAFLD pathogenesis. Therefore, we investigated whether there were sexually dimorphic responses to a liquid high-refined carbohydrate diet (HRCD) in male and female, wildtype and SIRT1-deficient mice.Methods: Male and female 10-12-week-old wildtype (SIRT1 +/+: n=12; M=6, F=6) and mice carrying a heterozygous H355Y SIRT1 point mutation (SIRT1 +/y: n=14; M=7, F=7) were both fed a HRCD (Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet supplemented with maltose dextrin; 47% energy from refined carbohydrate, Dyets, #710260) for 5 weeks and 9 weeks. Hepatic gene expression was examined using qRT-PCR. Plasma ALT (alanine transaminase) and hepatic MDA (malondialdehyde) levels were determined using colorimetric assay kits. Hepatic steatosis scoring was conducted by analyzing Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains.Results: 9 weeks of HRCD induced significantly less hepatic steatosis in female mice irrespective of genotype compared to male mice as determined by grading of H&E stains (p Conclusions: Collectively, these data indicate that female mice are moderately protected against HRCD-induced NAFLD compared to male mice, potentially through increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation and superior mitigation of oxidative stress due to increased antioxidant system gene expression in the liver.Funding Sources: HNRCA, USDA/ARS Grants

P01-018-20 Nutrition Factors Are Associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Immigrant and Canadian-Born Adults: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging 1341569 Karen Davison Kwantlen Polytechnic University Christina Hyland University of Toronto Shen (Lamson) Lin University of Toronto Hongmei Tong MacEwan University Karen M. Kobayashi University of Victoria Jose G. Mora-Almanza Kwantlen Polytechnic University Esme Fuller-Thomson University of Toronto Nutrition Factors Are Associated with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Immigrant and Canadian-Born Adults: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: To examine associations between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and nutrition factors among Canadian-born and immigrant adults.Methods: The sample included participants of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) (n=27,211; 45-85 years) categorized by ethnicity (native white, native minority, immigrant white, and immigrant minority). PTSD was measured using the Primary Care PTSD tool. Nutrition factors included nutrition status indicators (anthropometrics, body fat %, handgrip strength, nutrition risk, sarcopenia, bone mineral density, and iron deficiency anemia) and dietary intakes (fiber, pulses and nuts, fat, omega-3 fatty acids, fruits and vegetables, fruit juice, calcium/vitamin D, salty snacks, pastries, and chocolate bars). Covariates included socioeconomic and health-related variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted.Results: Compared to white Canadians born in Canada, immigrant minority groups had a higher likelihood of PTSD (OR=1.47, 95% CI 1.14-1.90, pConclusions: Many nutrition-related factors contribute to PTSD in mid-age and older adults suggesting that targeted nutrition interventions within comprehensive programming will likely help prevent or manage PTSD.Funding Sources: MITACS and Fulbright Canada

P01-019-20 Almonds Improve Endothelial Function and Lower LDL Cholesterol, But Do Not Affect Liver Fat in Adults at Moderate Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial 1340860 Vita Dikariyanto King's College London Leanne Smith King's College London Lucy Francis King's College London May Robertson King's College London Eslem Kusaslan King's College London Molly O'Callaghan-Latham King's College London Camille Palanche King's College London Maria D'Annibale King's College London Dimitra Christodoulou Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust Nicolas Basty Westminster University Brandon Whitcher Westminster University Haris Shuaib Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust Geoffrey Charles-Edwards Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust Philip Chowienczyk King's College London Peter Ellis King's College London Sarah Berry King's College London Wendy Hall King's College London Almonds Improve Endothelial Function and Lower LDL Cholesterol, But Do Not Affect Liver Fat in Adults at Moderate Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: The ATTIS study aimed to investigate whether substituting almonds for typical snacks (high in refined starch, free sugars and saturated fats, and low in fibre) influenced cardiometabolic risk factors. Primary outcomes, endothelial function and liver fat, were measured in healthy adults aged 30-70 y who were habitual snackers and at moderate risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). It was hypothesized that snacking on almonds would improve endothelial function and decrease liver fat.Methods: Following a 2-week run-in period consuming control snacks, a 6-week parallel arm trial was conducted where participants were randomized to isoenergetic treatments: 1) control snacks (mini-muffins) replicating an average snack nutrient profile, calculated from snack foods identified in 4-d food diaries from a national dietary intake database, or 2) dry-roasted whole almonds, providing 20% estimated energy requirement. Endothelial function (via flow-mediated dilation (FMD)); abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat, and liver, muscle and pancreatic fat (via MRI/ MRS); day- and night-time heart rate variability (HRV) and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP); blood biomarkers of insulin sensitivity and lipid profile; and fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were assessed at baseline and endpoint. A total of 107 participants (75 F, 32 M; mean age 56.2 y, SD 10.4) were randomized and 105 subjects completed the trial.Results: Almonds significantly increased FMD (mean difference 4.1%, 95% CI 2.2, 5.9), the long-phase HRV index, night-time very-low frequency power (mean difference 337 ms2, 95% CI 12, 661) and plasma oleic acid levels (mean difference 228 µmol, 95% CI 7, 449) relative to control adjusted for baseline BMI and baseline dependent outcome values, but there were no treatment differences in ABP and subcutaneous, visceral, liver, muscle and pancreatic fat. Plasma LDL cholesterol levels were significantly decreased by almonds (mean difference -0.25 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.45, -0.04), but no differences were found in other blood lipids, insulin sensitivity, nor fecal SCFA levels.Conclusions: These novel findings suggest almonds may be cardioprotective by increasing availability of nitric oxide and improving cardiac autonomic function, in addition to their well-established LDL cholesterol-lowering properties.Funding Sources: Almond Board of California

P01-020-20 Effects of Daily Intake of Almonds on Cardiac Autonomic Functions Measured by Heart Rate Variability in Response to Acute Stress: A Randomized Controlled Trial 1340868 Vita Dikariyanto King's College London Leanne Smith King's College London May Robertson King's College London Eslem Kusaslan King's College London Molly O'Callaghan-Latham King's College London Philip Chowienczyk King's College London Sarah Berry King's College London Wendy Hall King's College London Effects of Daily Intake of Almonds on Cardiac Autonomic Functions Measured by Heart Rate Variability in Response to Acute Stress: A Randomized Controlled Trial Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Stress is inversely associated with heart rate variability (HRV), an indicator of cardiac autonomic function and a predictor of risk of sudden cardiac death. At times of stress, people tend to favor high sugar and fatty foods, often as snacks, with potential adverse effects on cardiometabolic health. Dietary recommendations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention emphasize fruits, vegetables, wholegrains and nuts. There is evidence that consumption of nuts can reduce LDL cholesterol and blood pressure and help with weight management, however the impact of nuts on HRV in response to stress is unknown. The ATTIS dietary intervention study investigated the HRV response to acute stress following 6-week substitution of almonds for typical snacks high in refined starch, free sugars and saturated fats, and low in fibre. The study population comprised adults aged 30-70 y, who were habitual snack consumers, and at moderate risk of developing CVD. It was hypothesized that snacking on almonds would increase HRV during stress tasks, when HRV is expected to be reduced due to increased sympathetic activity.Methods: A 6-week randomized controlled parallel trial was conducted. Participants were randomized to 1) control snacks (mini-muffins formulated to follow the average UK snack nutrient profile), or 2) dry-roasted whole almonds, both providing 20% estimated energy requirement. Supine HRV was measured (Mega Electronics Emotion Faros 180°, 2-leads wearable ECG-HRV monitor) during resting (5 min), physical stress (blood pressure monitor cuff inflation 200 mmHg, 5 min) and mental stress (Stroop colour-word test, 5 min) tasks pre- and post-intervention. A total of 105 participants (73 females and 32 males; mean age 56.2 y, SD 10.4) completed the trial.Results: Almonds significantly increased the beat-to-beat HRV parameter, high-frequency power, during the mental stress test (mean difference 124 ms2; 95% CI 11, 237; P=0.031) relative to control, indicating increased parasympathetic regulation. There were no treatment effects during resting and the physical stress task.Conclusions: Snacking on whole almonds as a replacement for typical snacks increases HRV during mental stress, indicating an increased resilience in cardiac autonomic function and a novel mechanism whereby nuts may be cardioprotective.Funding Sources: Almond Board of California

P01-021-20 Effects of Dried Plum (Prunes) on Bone Density and Strength in Men 1340271 Shirin Hooshmand San Diego State University Jonnatan Fajardo San Diego State University Danielle Gaffen San Diego State University Ashley Eisner San Diego State University Mark Kern San Diego State University Effects of Dried Plum (Prunes) on Bone Density and Strength in Men Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Traditionally, osteoporosis has been viewed as a disease mostly affecting women, but cases in men are increasing. Fractures due to osteoporosis can lead to a decreased quality of life in vulnerable populations and lead to increased mortality in men. Although several studies of male and female animals and adult women have demonstrated bone protective effects of dried plum (prunes), no human study has evaluated the effect of dried plum on bone health in men. The objective of the current study was to examine the long-term effects of 100 g dried plum on bone density and strength in men.Methods: Sixty-six men (50-79 years old) were randomly assigned into two treatment groups for 12 months: (1) 100 g/day of dried plums; (2) control (0 g/day dried plum). Bone mineral density was measured at baseline, 6- and 12-months at the total body, hip, lumbar spine, and ulna via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Evaluation of volumetric bone density and strength of the left tibia occurred at baseline, 6- and 12-months using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT).Results: There were no statistically significant changes in bone mineral density (BMD) from baseline to 6 months and 12 months for total body, spine (L1-L4), right and left hip BMD in the control group (0 g/day dried plum) or 100 g/day dried plum group. Modest beneficial effects of dried plums were observed for changes in bone geometry as detected by pQCT including a tendency for BMD to increase as well as increases in periosteal and endosteal circumferences at the 66% region of the tibia, which may promote greater bone strength.Conclusions: Dried plums have the potential to improve bone morphometry of the proximal tibia in healthy adult men when consumed for 12 months. Future studies should examine the impact on men with low bone density to further evaluate the bone protective effects of dried plum in male populations.Funding Sources: This study was funded by the California Dried Plum Board.

P01-023-20 Alterations in Gut Health, Bone and Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Blood Flow After Three Months of Prune Consumption 1341048 Elizabeth Foley Florida State University Neda Akhavan Florida State University Holly Clarke Florida State University Lauren Ormsbee Florida State University Joseph Munoz FSU Kelli George West Virginia University Shalom Siebert Florida State University Joseph Brunner Florida State University Abigail Serda Florida State University Bahram Arjmandi FSU Alterations in Gut Health, Bone and Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Blood Flow After Three Months of Prune Consumption Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Inflammation has been shown to play a role in a variety of disease states including osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Leaky gut has been implicated in contributing to these inflammatory states. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of daily prune consumption on inflammatory markers, bone density, and cardiovascular health in an osteopenic male population.Methods: Twenty-eight healthy men between the ages of 55 and 80, whose lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) t-score was between -1.0 and -2.5 were randomized to 0, 50, or 100 g of prunes and 450 mg calcium and 800 IU vitamin D daily for three-months. Participants kept daily logs for the assessment of compliance. DXA scan, blood, anthropometrics, blood pressure (BP), BMD, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and resting blood flow (BF) were collected at baseline and at three months. Serum and plasma samples were subjected to ELISA for the assessment of inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α), and interluekin-6 (IL-6). Bone turnover markers included osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL). Gut health was assessed by the measurement of serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBS) and zonulin. Blood flow was assessed via strain-gauge plethysmography.Results: All participants were compliant with the daily supplements. Mean baseline total bone mass was 3004±472 g. Pre- and post-treatment data were analyzed (mean±SD, pre vs post) for body weight (85.7±13.4 vs 84.6±12.9), waist to hip ratio (0.96±0.063 vs 0.97±0.014), resting blood flow (3.07±1.25 vs. 3.92±1.10), and mean arterial pressure (92.7±10.0 vs 91.1±9.5), all at p >0.05.Conclusions: While statistical comparisons did not reveal any significant changes in this preliminary data set with the addition of prunes to the diet, additional parameters of inflammation, bone density and turnover, and gut health are currently being evaluated.Funding Sources: California Dried Plum Board

P01-024-20 Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Phenolic Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Potential 1341157 David Fonseca Hernandez CIATEJ Ignacio Orozco-Avila CIATEJ Eugenia Lugo-Cervantes CIATEJ Luis Mojica CIATEJ Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Phenolic Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Potential Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of common bean phenolic extract to exert anti-aging and antioxidant effect by inhibiting the collagenase, elastase, tyrosinase enzymes and free radicals.Methods: 18 varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Chiapas, Mexico, were analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC) and total anthocyanin content (ACN). Supercritical fluid (SCF) and leaching extractions were used for phenolic compounds extraction. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS scavenging assay. The inhibitory potential of the extract was evaluated for tyrosinase from mushroom, collagenase type-1 from Clostridium histolycum and elastase from porcine pancreas enzymes.Results: The TPC ranged from 3.8–34.33 mg GAE/g coat and ACN ranged from 0.04–9.41 mg C3GE/g coat among the 18 common bean varieties (pConclusions: Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) extract presents high antioxidant capacity and inhibitory potential for tyrosinase and metalloproteinases such as collagenase and elastase. Black bean phenolic extracts could be used in cosmeceutical products related to preventing oxidative stress and aging.Funding Sources: Author David Fonseca Hernández was supported by a scholarship from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología CONACyT-México, number 901000. CONACYT-FORDECYT GRANT

P01-025-20 Do Plant-Based Diets Provide Adequate Calories and Protein for Hemodialysis Patients? 1339853 Rosalia Garcia-Torres California State University Northridge (CSUN) Lufei Young Augusta University David Murray Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University Mufaddal Kheda Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University N. Stanley Nahman Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University Do Plant-Based Diets Provide Adequate Calories and Protein for Hemodialysis Patients? Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Compare the daily calories and protein intake of hemodialysis patients by plant- vs. animal-based food consumption.Methods: A retrospective, secondary analysis of baseline data from food frequency questionnaire and laboratory testing data of the Dialysis survey (CDS) study was performed. The CDS survey was conducted in hemodialysis patients between 2005 - 2007 (N=358). The daily protein and calorie intake were respectively calculated by adding individual food items, then separated by source (plant vs. animal) for comparisons. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software SPSS.Results: Patients had a daily calorie intake of 15.11 + 7.33 kcal/kg and 19.11 + 10.56 kcal/kg if consuming primarily plant-based and animal-based foods respectively. Comparing protein intake, plant-based diets provided 0.63 + 0.31 g protein/kg while animal-based diet contributed 0.84 + 0.47 g protein/kg. These values were well below the calories and protein intake of 30 – 35 kcal/kg and 1.2 g protein/kg respectively recommended by NKF K/DOQITM guidelines for hemodialysis patients. The analysis of daily calorie or protein intake showed a significant positive association with the amount of food consumption for both plant and animal-based food (significant Pearson correlation at 0.01 level). Plant based-foods known to be a good source of protein have the additional benefit of containing phosphorus in a form that is less available than animal-based food therefore lowering patients phosphorus intake. Conclusions: Dialysis patients obtained similar amounts of calories and protein from plant or animal-based food. Those who consume more plant foods could reduce their levels of phosphorus intake. More studies are needed to support that plant-based diet is safe and nutritionally adequate for hemodialysis patients.Funding Sources: Augusta University, California State University Northridge

P01-027-20 Association Between Patient Reported Removal of Dentures for Eating and Risk of Malnutrition in the Elderly 1341636 Lauren Green Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Rena Zelig Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Joachim Sackey Rutgers University, School of Health Professions Eileen Hoskin Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Rebecca Brody Rutgers University, School of Health Professions Riva Touger-Decker Rutgers University, School of Health Professions Association Between Patient Reported Removal of Dentures for Eating and Risk of Malnutrition in the Elderly Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Replacement of natural dentition with dentures can impact the ability to consume foods and ultimately impact nutrition status. The objective of this study was to explore associations between patient-reported removal of dentures for eating and risk of malnutrition, using Self Mini Nutritional Assessment (Self-MNA) total and select component scores.Methods: A cross-sectional study of data obtained from the Rutgers School of Dental Medicine (RSDM) clinic electronic health record for unduplicated patient visits between June 2015 and May 2019 was utilized for analysis. Data from adults ≥65 years with at least one denture (maxillary or mandibular) were included. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to test associations; a Spearman rank-order correlation analysed the relationship between Self-MNA scores and patients’ responses to a question on whether they removed their denture(s) for eating. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05 a priori.Results: The mean age of the sample (N=357) was 73.4 ± 6.8 years (range = 65-94 years); 60% (n=217) were female. The most common denture type was a combination of mandibular partial and maxillary partial dentures (n=91, 26.7%); 35% (n=103) reported removing their denture(s) for eating.There were no significant relationships between reported removal of dentures for eating and self-MNA total score (p=0.63), a decline in food intake (p=0.18) or weight loss (p=0.75) respectively. Those with complete Self-MNA data (n=33) who reported removal of dentures for eating (39%), had a greater degree of weight loss ( >7pounds) and decreased intake (severely decreased) than those who reported they did not remove their dentures for eating (61%).Conclusions: One-third of the patients in this sample removed their dentures for eating. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend towards greater weight loss and decreased intake among those who removed their dentures for eating compared to those who did not. Future research should utilize a larger sample to examine the relationship between denture removal for eating and nutrition status.Funding Sources: None

P01-028-20 Systematic Review of Equations for Estimating Energy Requirement in the Elderly: Results and Future Perspectives 1341814 Dario Gregori University of Padova Honoria Ocagli Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health - Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences Corrado Lanera Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health - Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences Silvia Gallipoli Zeta Research Srl Giulia Lorenzoni Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health - Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences Systematic Review of Equations for Estimating Energy Requirement in the Elderly: Results and Future Perspectives Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Estimating the right energy requirement for the elderly is a clinically relevant topic since malnutrition is common in such population. Predictive equations are widely used to estimate the resting energy expenditure (REE). However, only a few equations have been specifically developed for the elderly, and they often provide different outputs. The present work aimed at presenting a web application able to assist the clinicians in identifying the most appropriate equation to estimate the REE in the elderly.Methods: The development of the application is based on a systematic review of studies that had tested the performance of a predictive equation to estimate REE vs. a gold standard in subjects older than 65 years of age. The systematic review was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase following the PRISMA guidelines. Furthermore, the equations retrieved were applied to a sample of 88 subjects enrolled in an Italian nursing home to evaluate the agreement among the estimated REE. The agreement was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the sample overall and for specific subsets of patients (males, females, normal-weight and overweight/obese subjects).Results: The initial search identified 6353 studies. After the screening, 69 studies, corresponding to 210 single equations, were included in the analysis. The type and number of parameters used in each equation were highly variable and the most frequently used were demographics, anthropometric and laboratory data, and physical activity frequency. The application of the equations to the sample of 88 subjects enrolled in the nursing home showed that the ones that included a small number of parameters were found to have a good agreement (especially those including the body weight alone: ICC = 0.75, 95% IC 0.69-0.81) while the addition of other parameters resulted in a worsening of the agreement. The same results were obtained for the sample overall and for the specific subsets of patients considered. The results of the systematic review served as a basis for the development of the web application (http://r-ubesp.dctv.unipd.it:3838/equationer).Conclusions: The proposed web application is expected to guide the clinicians in identifying the most appropriate equation to estimate REE according to the subject’s characteristics. Funding Sources: University of Padova

P01-032-20 Moderate Consumption of Freeze-dried Blueberry Powder Increased Net Bone Calcium Retention in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Crossover Trial 1340720 Joanna Hodges The Ohio State University Sisi Cao Purdue University Pamela Lachcik Inotiv Munro Peacock Indiana University, School of Medicine George McCabe Purdue University Linda McCabe Purdue University Dennis Cladis Purdue University Mario Ferruzzi North Carolina State University Berdine Martin Purdue University Connie Weaver Purdue University Moderate Consumption of Freeze-dried Blueberry Powder Increased Net Bone Calcium Retention in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Crossover Trial Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Preclinical studies suggest that blueberry consumption is associated with improved bone health. This study quantified changes in urinary excretion of the long-lived calcium radioisotope 41Ca to assess the dose-response effect of blueberries on bone loss in postmenopausal women. We hypothesized that blueberry consumption would reduce bone loss in a dose-dependent manner.Methods: Healthy women at least 4 years past menopause were dosed with 50 nCi of 41Ca and completed a 5-mo equilibration period for 41Ca deposition in bone followed by a 6-wk control period. Subsequently, participants were assigned to a random sequence of 3 intervention periods, each corresponding to a low (17.5 g/d), medium (35 g/d), or high (70 g/d) dose of freeze-dried blueberry powder equivalent to 0.75, 1.5, or 3 cups of fresh blueberries. The blueberry powder was incorporated into granola bars, spread, and drinks consumed daily for 6 wk, followed by a 6-wk washout period. Urinary 41Ca:Ca ratio was measured by accelerator mass spectrometry in 24-h urine collected weekly during intervention and every 3 wk during washout. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium concentrations were assessed prior to each intervention. Serum bone resorption biomarkers and urinary polyphenols were measured at the end of each control and intervention period. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model and repeated measures ANOVA.Results: Fourteen healthy, non-osteoporotic (mean bone mineral density t-score: -1.33) women completed the study. Net bone calcium retention increased by 6% in the low (p p p = 0.19). Urinary excretion of hippuric acid increased dose-dependently with blueberry consumption. No significant relationships were found between bone resorption biomarkers, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, or calcium and any of the interventions.Conclusions: A hormetic response was observed to blueberry intake, whereby daily consumption of foods containing 17.5-35 g, but not 70 g, of freeze-dried blueberry powder increased net bone calcium retention. Moderate consumption of blueberries may be an effective strategy to attenuate bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women.Funding Sources: NIH/NCCIH, Project Development Team within the ICTSI NIH/NCRR

P01-034-20 Assessment of Clinical Research Outcomes for Personalizing Nicotinamide Riboside Dosing 1341908 Rebecca Idoine ChromaDex Inc. Aron Erickson ChromaDex Inc. Andrew Shao ChromaDex Inc. Yusrah Ishtiaq ChromaDex Inc. Matthew Roberts ChromaDex Inc. Yasmeen Nkrumah-Elie ChromaDex Inc. Assessment of Clinical Research Outcomes for Personalizing Nicotinamide Riboside Dosing Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Introduction: Nicotinamide riboside (NR), is a NAD+ precursor that is commercially available as a nutritional supplement. NAD+ levels have been shown to decline in older adults, thus NR has been identified as a healthy aging nutritional supplement. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of NR supplementation at various doses, however individual responsiveness have been minimally reported. As individuals differ in multiple parameters that may result in variations in response to supplementation, dosing personalization may be a key to NR supplement effectiveness. Objective: Determine if published data of clinical NR supplementation can be used to personalize NR dosing.Methods: A meta-analysis of published clinical trials of NR supplementation was conducted. Included studies were limited to those that were exclusive to NR supplementation with multiple doses for at least one week. The assessment compared NR dosing, study population demographics, changes in NAD levels, adverse effects, and study outcomes.Results: A total of 11 publications report clinical results from NR supplementation demonstrated in 9 clinical trials (4 RCT), however only five of the studies met our criteria. Most of the studies have been conducted in both males and females with an average age of 45-65 years, with various BMIs. Dosing ranged from 100 mg/day to 2000 mg/day, for a duration of 9 days to 3 months, with no major adverse events reported. When measured, NAD+ levels were shown to increase by as much as 139% with 1000 mg/day of NR for 56 days. Measurements for changes in NAD+ lacked standardization in collection, analysis, and reporting, thus parallel comparisons could not be made. Additionally, studies did not separate NR responses based upon gender, age, BMI, and health status, preventing personalization of the available data.Conclusions: To effectively personalize NR dosing, standardization of NAD+ analyses and clinical outcomes is gravely needed. Future use of phenotypic flexibility approaches may be beneficial in demonstrating the clinical benefits of NR supplementation. Lastly, it is recommended that future studies include heterogenous response study outcomes to identify responders/non-responders to various endpoints following NR supplementation.Funding Sources: None

P01-035-20 Development of High Betacarotene Instant Cream of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Soup for the Elderly 1340890 Wawan Irwan IPB University & Centre for Development and Empowerment Teacher and Education Personnel, Ministry Education and Culture Development of High Betacarotene Instant Cream of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Soup for the Elderly Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop instant cream of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) soup high in b-carotene for the elderly.Methods: The design was a completely randomized factorial design with two replications and three formulas. There were two factors tested including the type of processing (fresh vs instant) and the proportion of pumpkin and carrot (1:2 vs 1:1 vs 2:1). The formulas were evaluated by semi-trained panellists for the hedonic test, while by the elderly for the acceptance tests. The routine proximate analysis was then conducted. In addition, the potassium and b-carotene contents were also determined by inductively couple plasma–optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively.Results: The selected formula was soup processed instantly with proportion of pumpkin and carrot of 2:1. The elderly preferred instant soup to the fresh. The selected formula contained 491.69 kcal/ 100 g, water (3.87%), ash (2.22%), protein (9.82%), fat (23.21%) and carbohydrate (60.88%). In addition, the potassium and b-carotene content of selected formula were 501.35 mg/ 100 g and 3380 µg/g, respectively. In addition, the selected formula met 100% of RDA per serving size.Conclusions: The elderly preferred instant cream of pumpkin soup to the fresh with pumpkin and carrot ratio of 2:1. The instant cream of pumpkin soup is a nutritious food high in b-carotene.Funding Sources: Centre For Development and Empowerment teacher and education personnel, Ministry Education and Culture, Republic of Indonesia

P01-038-20 Piceatannol, a Natural Stilbene, Extends the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans Under Fasting Through Inhibition of Lipolysis 1340396 Miran Jang Purdue University Yuan Zhang Purdue University Juan Bai Purdue University An Jun-Bae Seowon University Yeonhwa Park University of Massachusetts Amherst Gun-Hee Kim Duksung Women's University Kee-Hong Kim Purdue University Piceatannol, a Natural Stilbene, Extends the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans Under Fasting Through Inhibition of Lipolysis Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Lipolysis is the catabolic process that hydrolyzes triglyceride (TG) to free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol under negative energy balance such as fasting. In adipocytes, adipose TG lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and monoglyceride lipase play key roles in a series of TG hydrolysis reactions in mammals. However, overly activated adipose lipolysis is believed to contribute to link between obesity and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. We previously demonstrated that piceatannol (PIC), a natural resveratrol analogue, inhibits adipogenesis in cultured adipocytes and lipogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, we showed that PIC extends the lifespan of C. elegans via the insulin/IGF-1 signaling. However, the effects of PIC on lipid metabolism during fasting state is unknown.Methods: We conducted Oil-Red-O assay, Enzyme assay (TG and Free glycerol contents), PCR analysis and lifespan assay.Results: In this study, we demonstrated that PIC-treated C. elegans exhibited suppressed lipolysis under fasting as judged by increased lipid accumulation and TG levels with decreased free glycerol level. Consistent with these findings, PIC treatment resulted in decreased mRNA levels of genes involved lipolysis such as atgl-1, hosl-1 and aak-2 in fasted C. elegans. Also, PIC treatment augmented fasting-induced lifespan of C. elegans by an increased daf-16 gene expression. However, such effect was abolished when atgl-1, aak-2, and daf-16 mutants were treated with PIC. In addition, we also found that autophagy is required for PIC-induced lifespan in C. elegans during fasting since autophagy inhibitor treatments and autophagy gene deficient worms resulted in blunting the lifespan extension effect of PIC.Conclusions: Collectively, our results indicate that PIC contributes to lifespan extension in C. elegans during fasting possibly through regulating lipolysis- and/or autophagy-dependent lipid metabolism.Funding Sources: 1. The National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (2019R1A2C1086146) and (2019R1A6A3A03033878) 2. The Rural Development Administration of the Republic of Korea

P01-040-20 Effect on Myogenesis and Anti-Inflammation of Mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor) Larvae Protein Hydrolysate 1340123 Yooukyung Kim Graduate School of Human Ecology, Korea University Yoon Youngkyun Graduate School of Human Ecology, Korea University Eunyoung Oh Graduate School of Human Ecology, Korea University Effect on Myogenesis and Anti-Inflammation of Mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor) Larvae Protein Hydrolysate Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Sarcopenia, a loss of skeletal muscle mass and functions, becomes prevalent in older populations. Adequate dietary protein intake is one of the most effective ways to improve sarcopenia. The mealworm is an edible insect that comprises high levels of proteins and micro-nutrients. It could be used a potential protein source for enhancing muscle growth. Also, protein hydrolysate is easily digested and absorbed by the human body with greater functional properties. In investigating the prevention of sarcopenia with mealworm larvae, we optimize the hydrolysis condition of mealworm larvae protein isolate (MPI) and the effect of myogenesis and anti-inflammation of mealworm larvae protein hydrolysate (MPH).Methods: The optimization of MPH by alcalase and flavorzyme was investigated based on the amount of available α-amino acids (L-Leucine) by TNBS assay and the distribution patterns of molecular weight by SDS-PAGE. ABTS radical scavenging capacity, expression of myostatin (MSTN), MSTN promoter activity, and anti-inflammatory induced by palmitate and LPS were examined.Results: The hydrolysate prepared for 12 hours by adding flavourzyme after hydrolysis of the MPI with alcalase for 12 hrs under 1% substrate and 1% enzyme/ substrate at 55˚C, pH 8 showed the highest available α-amino acid (22.09 mg/g) and had the largest amount of low-molecular peptides at 10kDa or less. Antioxidant capacity was also the highest (97.8%) among the hydrolysates prepared under different conditions. In the MSTN level which negatively regulate muscle growth, MPH (0.28 MSTN/GAPDH) was lower than MPI (0.38 MSTN/GAPDH). Also, in the MSTN promoter activity, MPI (16.94 Luc / β-gal) was higher than the control while MPH (9.99 Luc / β-gal) was lower activity than the control (12.47 Luc / β-gal). MPI and MPH induced lower expression levels of IL-6, TNF-a, and IL-1b cytokines.Conclusions: MPH had better capacity in myogenesis compared to MPI, particularly hydrolyzed by flavourzyme after hydrolysis of the MPI with alcalase. Also, the MPH decreased proinflammatory cytokines which increase proteolysis and muscle atrophy. These results demonstrate that MPH could be used as a source for preventing sarcopenia.Funding Sources: This study was supported in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea.

P01-042-20 Reduced Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Plasma Concentrations Are Associated with Decreased Psychological Well-Being in Clinically Stable Congestive Heart Failure Patients 1341357 Sarah Kirschner Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University Nicolaas Deutz Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University John Thaden Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University Gabriella Ten Have Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University Mariëlle Engelen Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University Reduced Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Plasma Concentrations Are Associated with Decreased Psychological Well-Being in Clinically Stable Congestive Heart Failure Patients Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) frequently suffer from cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms. Changes in intestinal microbiota composition have been suggested to promote those features in CHF via alterations in their metabolite release. We examined the association between reduced psychological well-being (including cognitive deficits, depressive symptoms, and quality of life) and changes in plasma concentrations of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4) as main metabolites of microbial fiber fermentation. We previously found a high correlation between colonic production and plasma concentration. Methods: We recruited 15 clinically stable CHF patients (EF: 35.7 (2.6)%, NYHA class: 2.3 (0.2), BW: 100.1 (5.4) kg) and 17 healthy controls (BW: 77.9 (3.2) kg) matched for age and gender. After an overnight fast, venous plasma was collected, vital signs taken, and body composition measured by DXA. Cognitive function, quality of life and severity of depressive symptoms were assessed using questionnaires. SCFA concentrations (in μM) were measured by GC-MS. Stats by unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Data are mean (SE). Results: CHF patients showed lower C3 (2.75 (0.13) vs. 3.12 (0.12), p=0.0498) and C4 (1.18 (0.06) vs. 1.44 (0.09), p=0.031) while C2 was similar between the groups (50.0 (12.2) vs. 62.0 (9.79), p=0.203). CHF patients with lower C3 and C4 reported a lower quality of life (C3-MLHFQ score, r:-0.637, p=0.014) and higher depression (C3-HADS depression score, r:-0.622, p=0.013; C4-depression: r:-0.474, p=0.087) and anxiety rates (C3-HADS anxiety score, r:-0.647, p=0.009). Additionally, lower C2 was associated with a higher systolic blood pressure (r:-0.618, p=0.024). CHF patients with lower C4 had a higher BMI (r:-0.608, p=0.021) and fat mass index (r:-0.553, p=0.040). No correlations with cognitive function were found.Conclusions: Plasma propionate and butyrate concentrations are decreased in mainly obese CHF patients and higher SCFA concentrations are associated with less psychological symptoms, lower fat mass and BMI, as well as improved blood pressure. More research is required to test whether fiber supplementation can improve psychological and overall well-being in CHF. Funding Sources: NIH; Huffines Institute for Sports Medicine and Human Performance

P01-043-20 Association of Body Composition, Glucose Control, and Diet with Postprandial Triglycerides and Vascular Function 1341671 Nicholas Koemel Oklahoma State University Christina Sciarrillo Oklahoma State University Sam Emerson Oklahoma State University Association of Body Composition, Glucose Control, and Diet with Postprandial Triglycerides and Vascular Function Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Excessive postprandial lipemia (PPL) following intake of a high-fat meal (HFM) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We recently observed significantly lesser PPL in more active individuals, irrespective of age. This project examined the association of body composition, glucose control, and dietary intake with postprandial triglycerides (TG) and vascular function in groups that differed by age and physical activity level.Methods: We recruited 4 groups of adults: younger active (YA; age 22.1 ± 1.4 y; n = 9), younger inactive (YI; age 22.6 ± 3.7 y; n = 8), older active (OA; age 68.4 ± 7.7 y; n = 8), and older inactive (OI; age 67.7 ± 7.2 y; n = 7). Participants completed a 3-day food record including 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day. Following a 10-hour overnight fast and 2 days of exercise avoidance, participants consumed a HFM (12 kcal/kg; 63% fat, 34% carbohydrate). Serial blood draws were then collected every hour for 6 hours to measure metabolic responses. Vascular function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at baseline (BL), 2-hours, and 4-hours post-meal. Fasting insulin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured pre-meal. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Seca mBCA 514).Results: After controlling for physical activity and age via partial correlation, visceral adiposity was associated with TG total area under the curve (p = 0.04; r = 0.38), while body fat % was inversely associated with BL FMD (p = 0.0007; r = -0.50). HOMA-IR was not associated with visceral adiposity or body fat % (p’s ≥ 0.08). Postprandial metabolic and vascular responses were not associated with skeletal muscle mass (p’s ≥ 0.07), fasting insulin (p’s ≥ 0.30), HOMA-IR (p’s ≥ 0.40) or HbA1c (p’s ≥ 0.29). After adjusting for total caloric intake, BL FMD was positively associated with dietary fiber (p = 0.006; r = 0.50) and negatively associated with dietary sugar (p = 0.01; r = -0.46).Conclusions: This study identified body fat distribution, sugar, and fiber as correlated factors for postprandial metabolic and vascular responses when also considering age and physical activity. This warrants future studies to examine further the role of these factors in determining PPL and vascular function.Funding Sources: This study was funded by the College of Human Sciences at Oklahoma State University.

P01-046-20 Protective Effects of Curcumin and Broccoli Seed Extract Against Age-Related Bone Loss in Mice 1340135 Jing Li Nu Skin (China) Daily-use & Health Product Co., Ltd Dong Zhang Shanghai Jiaotong University Yiping Ren Nu Skin (China) Daily-use & health Product Co. Ltd. Zhongdong Qiao Shanghai Jiaotong University Doug Stevenson Nu Skin Enterprises Mark Bartlett Nu Skin Enterprises Protective Effects of Curcumin and Broccoli Seed Extract Against Age-Related Bone Loss in Mice Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Age-related bone loss occurs in both men and women, and is the leading cause of elderly disability. An age-related bone loss model was established in mice to investigate the protective effects of curcumin and broccoli seed extract.Methods: 20 young (6-month-old) male C57BL/6J mice after administration with vehicle once daily were sacrificed at four time points: day 0, 30, 60 and 90. 8 out of the 109 aged (18-month-old) male C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed at the beginning and used as control. The rest of these aged mice were then randomly divided into four groups: one group served as control (vehicle), the other three groups were administrated with curcumin (CMN) and/or broccoli seed extract (BSE) by oral gavage. Mice in each group were sacrificed at four time points: day 0, 30, 60 and 90. L2 vertebrae of mice were fixed with paraformaldehyde and scanned with a Scanco Medical μCT40 scanner. Quantitative analyses of bone volume (BV), tissue volume (TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th) and trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) were performed with the Scanco Medical's software.Results: BV/TV of the young mice group were significantly higher compared to the aged mice group at all four time points. Similarly, Tb.N and Tb.Th were also higher in the young mice group compared to the aged mice group. In contrast, Tb.Sp was lower in the young mice group.When comparing different groups in the aged mice, we found that mice administered with CMN had a higher BV/TV value compared to the mice in the control group at all three time points. Such a difference is significant by day 30. The mice administered with combined CMN and BSE also showed significant increase in BV/TV on day 30. For Tb.N, both mice administered with either CMN or BSE had higher values at all three time points. But no obvious difference in Tb.N was found for mice administered with combined CMN and BSE. For Tb.Th, both mice administered with CMN and with combined CMN and BSE had higher values compared to the control. For Tb.Sp, both mice administered with either CMN or BSE had lower values compared to the control.Conclusions: This study showed that curcumin could slow down bone loss in the mouse model. There is no obvious positive effect with broccoli seed extract or with curcumin and broccoli seed extract combined. The curcumin used in this study may shed light on the alleviation of bone loss in humans.Funding Sources: Nu Skin Enterprises

P01-051-20 Dietary Supplementation with a Low Dose of Finasteride Does Not Alter the Lipid Profile of Ldlr-Deficient Mice 1340265 James McQueen University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Jaume Amengual University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Dietary Supplementation with a Low Dose of Finasteride Does Not Alter the Lipid Profile of Ldlr-Deficient Mice Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Androgenic alopecia is characterized by a receding hairline and hair loss from the frontal scalp. This genetic condition affects approximately 80% of men and 42% of women. Finasteride is the only oral treatment currently approved by the FDA to prevent and treat androgenic alopecia, and it is currently prescribed to over nine million males in the US. Recent claims suggest that long-term use of finasteride could have detrimental health effects by affecting the lipid profile in people. Finasteride prevents the conversion of testosterone to its active metabolite dihydrotestosterone by inhibiting the type II 5alpha-reductase, which is predominantly present in the hair follicle and the prostate. As a result, finasteride alters the systemic levels of testosterone and its derivative estradiol. Hormone homeostasis affects plasma lipid levels, therefore we hypothesize that supplementation with finasteride will affect systemic lipid profile in atheroprone low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr-/-) mice fed a Western diet (high cholesterol, high fat).Methods: We fed six-week-old male Ldlr-/- mice (10/group) fed a Western diet (control) or a Western diet supplemented with 10 mg Finasteride/kg diet for 12 weeks. We monitored body weight progression and food intake during the entire experiment. A week before harvesting the tissues, mice were fasted overnight to perform a glucose tolerance test. At the moment of sacrifice, final body weight and several tissues were collected such as the inguinal, retroperitoneal, and gonadal adipose tissues, skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius), and liver. Plasma was harvested to determine total cholesterol and triglyceride levels.Results: Our data show that 12-week supplementation with a low dose of finasteride does not have a significant impact on food intake, body weight, or adiposity index. We did not observe any significant change in plasma lipids or glucose tolerance.Conclusions: A low dose of finasteride supplemented for 12 weeks does not alter the lipid profile in the atheroprone Ldlr-/- mouse model, nor alters adiposity index. These data indicate that finasteride does not have detrimental effects on these metabolic parameters.Funding Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture (Multi-State grant project W4002)

P01-052-20 A Polyphenol Rich Muscadine Grape Extract Reduces Macrophage Infiltration in Hypertensive Rat Hearts Associated with a Reduction in Macrophage Migration 1341941 Ana Clara Melo Wake Forest School of Medicine Pooja Patil Wake Forest School of Medicine Patricia Gallagher Wake Forest School of Medicine Elisabeth Tallant Wake Forest School of Medicine A Polyphenol Rich Muscadine Grape Extract Reduces Macrophage Infiltration in Hypertensive Rat Hearts Associated with a Reduction in Macrophage Migration Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Hypertension affects over a billion people world-wide and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Macrophages, the most abundant innate immune cells, home to the heart and secrete cytokines, inducing a heightened inflammatory response which results in fibrosis and cardiac damage. Muscadine grapes are rich in polyphenols, compounds with anti-proliferative, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Our aim was to determine whether a muscadine grape extract (MGE) rich in polyphenols prevents the macrophage inflammatory response induced by hypertension.Methods: A proprietary extract was prepared from muscadine grape seeds and skins. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) received drinking water (control), MGE at 0.2 mg total phenolics/ mL, 24 μg/kg/h of angiotensin II (Ang II) via osmotic minipump to induce hypertension, or both Ang II and MGE (Ang II/MGE) for 4 weeks. Rats were pre-treated with MGE for 1 week prior to Ang II treatment. Blood pressure was measured weekly by tail cuff plethysmography. Tissues were collected and fixed for immunohistochemistry. Proliferation and migration of macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells were quantified in real-time.Results: MGE had no effect on blood pressure in normotensive or hypertensive rats. MGE ameliorated Ang II-induced diastolic dysfunction (E/E’ ratio: 19.9±0.8 control, 28.1±1.1 Ang II, 22.3±2.0 Ang II/MGE rats; n=8; p Conclusions: MGE may serve as medical food to protect the heart from hypertension-induced inflammation thereby reducing cardiac fibrosis to improve diastolic dysfunction.Funding Sources: Chronic Disease Research Fund

P01-053-20 Preservation of Lean Mass upon Combined Lifestyle Intervention in Older Adults with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes During 6-Months Follow-Up After RCT (PROBE Study) 1341232 Robert Memelink Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences Anke Bongers Nutricia Research Wilrike Pasman Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Mariëtte van Rijmenam Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences Suzan Wopereis Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) George Verlaan Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc Johan De Vogel - Van den Bosch Nutricia Research Peter J.M. Weijs Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc Preservation of Lean Mass upon Combined Lifestyle Intervention in Older Adults with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes During 6-Months Follow-Up After RCT (PROBE Study) Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Weight loss is a key element in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but also a risk factor for lean mass (LM) loss in older adults. We evaluated whether a whey protein drink enriched with leucine and vitamin D preserved LM during 3-month lifestyle intervention and whether effects sustained during 6 months follow-up after intervention (FU).Methods: 123 older adults (66 ± 6 y) with obesity (BMI 34 ± 4 kg/m2) and T2D participated in a 3-month lifestyle intervention with dietary advice (-600 kcal/d) and resistance exercise (3x/wk). In this double-blind RCT (PROBE) subjects were randomised to receive 10x/wk a test (21g protein) or isocaloric control (0g protein) drink. LM, appendicular muscle mass (AMM), leg muscle mass (LMM), and fat mass (FM) were assessed with DXA. Mixed linear model analysis was used with baseline value in the outcome vector and adjustment for stratification factors sex and SU-derivate use. Data represent EMM ± SE (within group) or 95% CI (between groups).Results: 105 subjects completed intervention and 76 subjects participated in FU. At 3 months, body weight (-2.2 ± 0.4 kg, pConclusions: Use of a whey protein drink enriched with leucine and vitamin D during a combined lifestyle intervention showed beneficial effects on lean mass in older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Preservation of lean mass was sustained after 6 months follow-up, without differences between treatment groups.Funding Sources: Grant: Topsector Agri & Food, The Netherlands. Financial support for study conduct: Danone Nutricia Research.

P01-054-20 The Effect of Diet Composition Change on High-Resolution Oesophageal Manometry Metrics in Non-Erosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Patients 1341882 Vasily Isakov Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology Sergey Morozov Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology The Effect of Diet Composition Change on High-Resolution Oesophageal Manometry Metrics in Non-Erosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Patients Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: To evaluate the influence of change of diet composition on esophageal manometry metrics.Methods: The data of 43 NERD patients with low (Results: In those who received psyllium, significant increase of minimal lower esophageal resting pressure at rest and after 10 water swallows was registered: 5.41±10.1 vs 11.3±9.4mm Hg, P=0.023 and 14.1±8.0 vs 14.9±6.4 mm Hg, P=0.008, accordingly. No significant difference was found in the group with no change of diet composition by these parameters. At baseline, ineffective esophageal motility was found in 46.7% patients of the study group and 53.8% in the control group (P=0.7). Esophageal motility became normal in 71.4% of those who had IEM initially in the study group after 10 days of treatment, and in 14.3% among the controls (P=0.0135). This type of peristaltic abnormality was found not changed in 28.6% of the study group and in 85.7% among the control group, P=0.014. New cases of ineffective esophageal motility revealed in 12.5% of the study group and 16.7% among the controls (P=0.8)Conclusions: Change of diet composition by additional quantity of psyllium may result in the improvement of esophageal motility.Funding Sources: Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology

P01-057-20 Higher Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with Incidence of Disability Among Puerto Rican Adults 1341555 Sabrina Noel University of Massachusetts Lowell David Cornell University of Massachusetts Lowell Xiyuan Zhang University of Massachusetts Lowell Katherine Tucker Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell Higher Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with Incidence of Disability Among Puerto Rican Adults Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests that overall dietary quality is important for the prevention of disability, which maybe be due to protective effects on cardiovascular risk factors. Few studies have investigated adherence to a DASH diet and disability and muscle strength prospectively, particularly among Puerto Rican adults. This study examined the relationship between a DASH dietary index and incidence of disability and change in muscle strength over 5 years of follow up.Methods: Data are from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, a prospective cohort of Puerto Rican adults aged 45 to 75 y (n=1,408). The DASH dietary quality index (DASH) was derived from averaged dietary data assessed by validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline and 2-y follow up. Self-reported disability included activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL assessed at baseline, 2-y and 5-y follow up. Hand grip measures were obtained using a hand dynamometer at baseline, 2-y and 5-y follow up. Cox Proportional Hazards models were adjusted for sex, age, cardiovascular disease, smoking status, educational attainment, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol concentration, C-reactive protein and body mass index. Multivariable linear regression was used to model changes in handgrip. Interactions by sex, age and diabetes status were examined.Results: The prevalence of ADL and IADL disability at baseline was 70.8% and 48.6%. Mean change in handgrip from baseline to 5 y was -2.19 kg. Interactions by age, sex and diabetes status were not significant. Participants with higher adherence to the DASH diet had lower incidence of impaired ADL (HR=0.95, 95%CI: 0.92, 0.99) and IADL disability (HR=0.96, 95%CI: 0.93, 0.98). The relationship between the DASH dietary index and change in handgrip measures from baseline to 5-y follow up approached significance (β=0.14 ± 0.08, P=0.07).Conclusions: These findings suggest that higher adherence to a DASH diet may reduce risk of disability and mitigate muscle strength loss among Puerto Rican adults. This may be an important intervention strategy for prevention of disability in this population.Funding Sources: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

P01-060-20 Effects of Habitual Sleep on Glucose Regulation in Individuals at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes 1340021 Heyjun Park Stanford University Ahmed Metwally Stanford University Dalia Perelman Stanford University Alessandra Celli Stanford University Susan Kirkpatrick Stanford University Tracey McLaughlin Stanford University Michael Snyder Stanford University Effects of Habitual Sleep on Glucose Regulation in Individuals at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: This study sought to advance understanding of the impact of habitual sleep patterns on glucose regulation in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D).Methods: To achieve this aim, we examined associations between a comprehensive panel of sleep parameters and glucose metabolism marker among people with prediabetes (n=19, age=60.0y, male=47.4%) using wearable technology. Briefly, participants underwent fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test and wore Fitbit Ionic band to assess their habitual sleep patterns. Sleep parameters were obtained for a median of 50 days per each participant such as total sleep duration, duration of each sleep stage per night, bed-time, wake-time, etc. To examine associations of sleep parameters with blood glucose levels, a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to identify sleep parameters that predict FPG levels with the enhanced prediction accuracy. Mixed effects regression was also performed. Results: In LASSO regression of FPG levels, wake-time (β= -0.013) and percentage of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration out of the total sleep duration (REM%; β= -0.231) were found to inversely predict FPG levels among participants. Mixed effects regression model also showed that REM% is inversely associated with FPG levels (R2=0.61; β= -1.57, p=0.058) after adjusting other covariates. In sum, people with prediabetes who have earlier wake-time and shorter REM proportion have shown higher FPG levels.Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that habitual sleep patterns may influence physiologic defect underlying dysglycemia and progression to T2D in individuals with prediabetes.Funding Sources: Precision Health and Integrated Diagnostic (PHIND) Center at Stanford University

P01-061-20 Older Adult Demographics Unrelated to Alzheimer’s Disease Warning Signs 1341669 Kelly Parker North Dakota State University Kristi Medalen North Dakota State University Olivia Simonson North Dakota State University Yeong Rhee North Dakota State University Older Adult Demographics Unrelated to Alzheimer’s Disease Warning Signs Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: To determine whether demographics such as age, race, and gender are related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) warning signs in adults over the age of 50.Methods: Adults aged 50+ were asked to complete a survey including: demographics (age, gender, marital status, living situation, race, and education), health, and AD warning signs experienced in the previous year. Surveys were distributed in person and online via social media and email. SPSS 26 was used to run one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlations.Results: There was no relationship or difference between any of the demographic variables and warning signs of AD experienced over the previous year. There was a difference between groups based on living situation (F = 3.701 [2, 85], p = 0.029), which disappeared when outliers were excluded.Conclusions: There is no significant relationship between the number of warning signs of AD experienced by any demographic variables, including age, when outliers are controlled for, contradicting previous studies that listed age, race, and gender as risk factors. Since demographic data are not related to AD symptoms, it is necessary to include cognitive assessment as part of health screenings for older adults before symptoms impact activities of daily living.Funding Sources: None

P01-062-20 Relationships Between Family History and Self-Reported Diabetes Status and Alzheimer’s Disease Warning Signs 1341692 Kelly Parker North Dakota State University Olivia Simonson North Dakota State University Kristi Medalen North Dakota State University Yeong Rhee North Dakota State University Relationships Between Family History and Self-Reported Diabetes Status and Alzheimer’s Disease Warning Signs Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: To determine whether familial history is linked for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and diabetes, and examine if a relationship exists between years since diagnosis and understanding of diabetes management and blood glucose testing.Methods: Adults aged fifty and older were asked to complete a survey that included family history of diabetes and AD. The survey asked respondents to self-identify diabetes status, their understanding of diabetes management, and the frequency of their blood sugar monitoring. Surveys were distributed in person and online via social media and email. Data were entered into SPSS 26, and Pearson correlations were run to determine whether a significant relationship was present between the variables of interest.Results: There was not a significant relationship between the number of blood relatives with AD and the number of relatives with diabetes (r = 0.140, p = 0.226), but a weak between the total number of relatives with diabetes and self-reported diabetes status (r = 0.278, p = 0.003). While there was not a significant relationship between years since diabetes diagnosis and self-rated understanding of diabetes management (r = 0.197, p = 0.325), there was a strong relationship between years since diagnosis and total number of blood sugar tests taken per week (r = 0.565, p = 0.004).Conclusions: The relationship between number of relatives with diabetes and having diabetes oneself is in line with previous research. Additionally, while diabetics monitor their blood sugar more closely as time goes by, Future efforts are needed to inform diabetics about best practices for blood glucose management.Funding Sources: None

P01-065-20 Association of Protein/Leucine Intake and Grip Strength Among Adults Aged 19+ years: Analysis of NHANES 2011-2014 1340334 Matthew Pikosky National Dairy Council Christopher Cifelli National Dairy Council Sanjiv Agarwal NutriScience LLC Victor Fulgoni, III Nutrition Impact, LLC Association of Protein/Leucine Intake and Grip Strength Among Adults Aged 19+ years: Analysis of NHANES 2011-2014 Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Determine the association of total protein, type of protein (animal, plant) and leucine intakes with grip strength in adults using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014.Methods: Data from NHANES 2011-2014 for subjects 19+ years were used with exclusions for pregnant and lactating females. Intakes of total protein (TP), animal protein, (AP, including dairy), plant protein (PP) and leucine (Leu) were determined using day one 24-h dietary recall data after adjusting for complex sample design of NHANES. Regression analyses were used to assess association of protein and leucine intake quartiles with grip strength in adults 19+ years (N=9214), 19-50 years (N=5091), and 51+ years (N=4123) with adjustment for age, gender, and ethnicity. Additionally, regression analyses were used to assess whether consuming ≥ 20 g of protein at meals and snacks was related to grip strength. PResults: Intakes (mean and Q1 to Q4 ranges in g/d) of TP, AP, and PP were 83.6, 41.5-127; 55.7, 21.0-92.7; and 27.8, 12.5-44.4 respectively and of leucine (Leu) were 6.56, 3.18-10.2 for adults 19+ years. Grip strength (in kg) increased with increasing quartiles for protein among all adults 19+ years (β=1.34 for TP; β=1.26 for AP; and β=0.80 for PP); 19-50 years (β=1.14 for TP; and β=1.00 for AP; and 51+ years (β=0.95 for TP; and β=1.06 for AP). Grip strength also increased with increasing intake quartiles of Leu (β=1.35, β=1.17, β=1.05, for adults 19+, 19-50, and 51+ years respectively). In adults 19+ y, ≥ 20 g protein at lunch, dinner, and snacks had higher grip strength than those with ≤ 20 g for those meal occasions.Conclusions: Grip strength was positively associated with total protein and leucine intakes in adults 19+ years. Type of protein appeared to become particularly more important in older adults, as this positive relationship was found for animal, but not plant protein, in adults 51+ years. Achieving a protein intake of ≥ 20g per meal may be a reasonable and prudent target given the positive association with grip strength seen at lunch, dinner and snacks in this population.Funding Sources: National Dairy Council

P01-066-20 Fasting and Postprandial Triglycerides Across Older Adulthood: A Cross-sectional Study 1340173 Kara Poindexter Oklahoma State University Christina Sciarrillo Oklahoma State University Janice Hermann Oklahoma State University Sam Emerson Oklahoma State University Fasting and Postprandial Triglycerides Across Older Adulthood: A Cross-sectional Study Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Elevated postprandial triglycerides (TG) are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although some evidence suggests that older adults exhibit greater postprandial TG than younger adults, it is unknown how postprandial lipid tolerance changes across the spectrum of older adulthood. This cross-sectional study examines postprandial TG responses across the spectrum of aging, as well as factors that may modify this response.Methods: We are recruiting individuals into four age categories (age 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89 years), with an equal number of participants and sex distribution in each group. Participants undergo body composition testing via bioelectrical impedance analysis and complete a 130-item food frequency questionnaire. Participants return to the lab after a 10-hour fast and blood is drawn both before and 4 hours after consumption of a high-fat meal (9 kcal/kg body mass; 73% fat, 26% CHO) to determine fasting and postprandial TG.Results: Thirty participants (50’s: n = 12; 60’s: n = 11; 70’s: n = 4; 80’s: n = 3) have completed the study (total N = 60). There was no difference (p = 0.52) in BMI across age groups (50’s: 29.5 ± 5.4 kg/m2; 60’s: 29.1 ± 5.5 kg/m2; 70’s: 25.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2; 80’s: 26.1 ± 1.6 kg/m2). There was also no difference (p = 0.68) in body fat (BF%) across age groups (50’s: 37.5 ± 7.2%; 60’s: 39.53 ± 7.0%; 70’s: 43.6 ± 8.2%; 80’s: 39.5 ± 18.1%). Similarly, there was no difference (p = 0.76) in fasting TG across age groups (50’s: 98.8 ± 40.6 mg/dL; 60’s: 117.9 ± 83.3 mg/dL; 70’s: 105.3 ± 39.7 mg/dL; 80’s: 79.7 ± 31.7 mg/dL), nor was there a difference (p = 0.74) in 4-hr TG (50’s: 162.3 ± 70.8 mg/dL; 60’s: 187.5 ± 105.5 mg/dL; 70’s: 181.8 ± 89.6 mg/dL; 80’s: 130.7 ± 55.1 mg/dL). Lastly, there was no difference (p = 0.16) in fruit and vegetable (FV) intake (50’s: 4.4 ± 1.9 servings/day (s/d); 60’s: 8.2 ± 5.5 s/d; 70’s: 6.2 ± 4.6 s/d; 80’s: 7.9 ± 2.4 s/d).Conclusions: At this point in the study, it cannot be concluded that there is a significant difference in fasting or postprandial TG across aging strata, possibly due to no differences in BMI, BF%, or FV intake. When complete, this study will provide valuable insight with regard to the impact of aging and other lifestyle factors on postprandial lipemia and subsequent CVD risk. Funding Sources: This project is funded by the Donna Cadwalader Research and Development Grant.

P01-069-20 Effects of Polypharmacy on Appetite and Malnutrition Risk Among Institutionalized Lebanese Older Adults - Preliminary Results 1341295 Berna Rahi Lebanese American University Tracy Daou Lebanese American University Nour Gereige Lebanese American University Yara Issa Lebanese American University Yara Moawad Lebanese American University Karen Zgheib Lebanese American University Effects of Polypharmacy on Appetite and Malnutrition Risk Among Institutionalized Lebanese Older Adults - Preliminary Results Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: We aimed to assess the polypharmacy effect on appetite and malnutrition risk among Lebanese nursing home residents. We hypothesized that polypharmacy will be associated to lower appetite and increased of malnutrition.Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was carried out in two nursing homes in the North-Lebanon region. Fifty-three older adults (OA) aged 60 and above were recruited and were interviewed face-to-face. A general questionnaire was administered to gather information about their socio-demographics, dietary habits and physical activity routine. Appetite was evaluated by the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) validated for use with nursing homes residents. The participants' nutritional status was assessed using the Short Form of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF). Polypharmacy was determined if OA were taking 5 or more medications. Information about attitudes towards the use, the number and the cost of medications was also collected. Differences in SNAQ and MNA scores based on polypharmacy were tested using Independent t-tests. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between polypharmacy and nutritional status after adjusting for several factors.Results: Our sample constituted of 49.1% females with an average age of 67.6±3.8 and BMI of 22.3±1.7 kg/m2. The majority were widowed (79.2%) and had a low level of education (85% elementary education). Regarding the MNA scores, 33% had a normal nutritional status while 59% were at risk of malnutrition and 8% were malnourished, with an average MNA score of 10.1±2.2. The average SNAQ score was 11.0±3.3, with 85% scoring ≤14, indicating an significant risk of at least 5% weight loss withing 6 months. Regarding medication use, 50.9% of OA take at least 5 drugs/d with an average of 4.3±2 drugs. Independent t-tests showed that MNA scores were significantly lower in those taking 5 drugs/d vs those taking less (9.4±2.5 vs 10.8±1.6, p=.024) while no significant difference was observed for SNAQ scores (10.3±2.9 vs 11.6±3.6, p=.13). Logistic regressions did not show any significant association between polypharmacy and MNA or SNAQ categories.Conclusions: Lower MNA scores were observed in OA taking ≥5 drugs/d indicating a higher risk of malnutrition with polypharmacy. This is significant since malnutrition can further worsen the aging process.Funding Sources: N/A

P01-072-20 Total Carotenoid Intake Reduces the Odds of Frailty over 9 Years in Older Adults: Results from the Framingham Offspring Study 1341382 Shivani Sahni Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School Paul Jacques Tufts University Alyssa Dufour Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School Courtney Millar Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School Douglas Kiel Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School Marian Hannan Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School Total Carotenoid Intake Reduces the Odds of Frailty over 9 Years in Older Adults: Results from the Framingham Offspring Study Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Frailty occurs in 10-15% of community-living older adults. The benefit of a Mediterranean style diet in reducing frailty is not well established in older Americans. The aim was to determine the association of Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern and related antioxidants (vitamin C, E and total carotenoids from diet and supplements) with the odds of frailty over 9y in older adults from the Framingham Offspring study.Methods: The Mediterranean-style dietary pattern score (MSDPS) was used to characterize a Mediterranean-style diet in 2,541 men and women with completed food frequency questionnaires at baseline (1998-2001). Average intake of each antioxidant (vitamin C, E and total carotenoids, mg/d) at baseline and one prior exam (1995-98) was calculated. Total carotenoids were calculated as the sum of intake of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin. Frailty was assessed using Fried’s frailty criteria at baseline and follow-up exam (2005-08). Participants categorized as frail at baseline were excluded (n=27). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) adjusting for age, sex, follow-up time, BMI, energy intake, current smoking and multivitamin use. Antioxidants were adjusted for each other in the same model.Results: Mean age (±SD) was 60±9y (range 33-86), 55% were female and mean follow-up time was 6.6y (range 3.7-9.1). Mean (±SD) was 45±13 (range: 10.8-84.1) for the MSDPS, 36.5 (±32.3) mg/d for vitamin C, 16.4 (±199) mg/d for vitamin E and 1.8 (±0.8) mg/d for carotenoids. Prevalent frailty at follow-up exam was 5%. Although not significant, a 10 unit increase in MSDPS reduced the odds of frailty by 8.7% (95%CI: 0.78-1.08, P=0.28) in the combined sample of men and women. Each 10 mg increase in total carotenoid intake reduced the odds of frailty by 29% (95%CI: 0.53-1.01, p=0.02). Neither Vitamin C (P=0.79) or E (P=0.25) were individually associated with frailty. Conclusions: A Mediterranean style diet was not significantly associated with frailty in this sample of largely older adults. However, total carotenoids intake reduced the odds of frailty. Future work should consider if a Mediterranean style diet and related antioxidants delay the progression of frailty.Funding Sources: Boston Claude D. Pepper Center OAIC and Peter and Barbara Sidel Fund

P01-073-20 Mid-Arm Circumference is an Independent Predictor of 30-Days Mortality in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis 1340239 Camila Saueressig Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Vivian Luft Department of Nutrition, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Valesca Dall'Alba Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Mid-Arm Circumference is an Independent Predictor of 30-Days Mortality in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Malnutrition is common in cirrhosis and is associated with a worse prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status by mid-arm circumference (MAC) and the association between MAC and mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study performed with hospitalized decompensated cirrhotic patients. Nutritional status was assessed within 72 hours of admission, from April 2017 to April 2018. Patients with values of MAC ≤5th percentile were considered malnourished. Survival over time was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves and significant predictors of 30-days and long-term mortality were identified using Cox proportional hazards models.Results: One-hundred patients with an average age of 60.1 ± 10.3 years were evaluated. Of these, 63% were male. The presence of ascites was the most observed complication with a prevalence of 69%, followed by variceal bleeding in 24% and hepatic encephalopathy in 22%. The median of follow-up time of patients was 11.2 months (range, 2.4–21). Overall mortality was 60% and mortality in 30-days was 16%. Malnourished patients through MAC (30%) were significantly more likely to die in either follow-up of 30-days (Log-rank value: 0.008) and long-term mortality (Log-rank value: 0.001). The 30-days probabilities of survival were 70% in patients malnourished by MAC compared to 90% in patients with MAC values >5th percentile. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age and Child-Pugh score, patients with malnutrition had a higher risk of 30-days mortality (HR: 3.64; 95% CI 1.33-9.95; p = 0.012) and after total period of follow-up (HR: 2.21; 95% CI 1.30-3.73; pConclusions: Malnutrition, assessed by a simple bedside anthropometric parameter, can predict short-term and long-term follow-up mortality risk in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Therefore, MAC may be an efficacious tool to assess nutritional status and identify patients with a high risk of mortality.Funding Sources: This study was supported by a CAPES and FIPE/HCPA scholarship. The sources of funding were not involved in study design; in collection, analysis and interpretation of the data.

P01-074-20 Dietary Supplementation of Gingerols- and Shogaols-Enriched Ginger Root Extracts Attenuate Pain-Associated Behaviors in Animals with Spinal Nerve Ligation 1341466 Chwan-Li Shen Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Rui Wang Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Guangchen Ji Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Heather Vellers Texas Tech University Shengmin Sang North Carolina A&T State University Volker Neugebauer Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Dietary Supplementation of Gingerols- and Shogaols-Enriched Ginger Root Extracts Attenuate Pain-Associated Behaviors in Animals with Spinal Nerve Ligation Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Neuropathic pain (NP), arising from damage to the nervous system, could be a consequence of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endogenous antioxidants after nerve injury, leading to neuroinflammation. Therefore, this study was to evaluate the effects of two ginger root extracts rich in gingerols and shogoals, respectively, on pain sensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors in neuropathic animals. We also assessed the plasma circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) damage, a biomarker of excessive mitochondria-derived ROS linked to inflammation.Methods: Sixteen male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group, spinal nerve ligation (SNL) group as the pain control group, SNL+gingerols-enriched ginger (GEG) extract group, and SNL+shogoals-enriched ginger (SEG) extract group. Animals in GEG and SEG groups were fed with their respective diets on the day of SNL surgery for 30 days. At 1 day before and 10, 20, and 30 days post operation, (i) paw withdrawal mechanical thresholds were measured using von Frey filaments for pain sensory assessment; and (ii) center frequency and center duration in the open field test (OFT) were measured to assess anxiety-like behavior. At Day 30, plasma was obtained for ccf-mtDNA concentration measurement. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA or one-way repeated measures analysis of variance follow by post-hoc analysis.Results: Compared to the sham group, the SNL group had significant greater pain sensitivity to mechanical stimuli. When compared to the SNL group, both GEG and SEG groups showed significantly (50%) reduced pain sensitivity (increased thresholds) as early as at 10 days and sustained at 30 days. Relative to the SNL group, both GEG and SEG groups also had less anxiety-like behavior (as indicated by the elongated center duration and increased center frequency in OFT). The SNL group had significantly higher plasma ccf-mtDNA levels relative to the sham group. When SNL-animals were fed a diet supplemented with either gingerols or shogaols, both groups showed reduction in plasma ccf-mtDNA.Conclusions: Both gingerols and shogaols supplementation decreased pain sensitivity and improved anxiety-like behavior mediated in part through the suppression of mitochondrial damage.Funding Sources: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

P01-080-20 Impact of Malnutrition on Low Muscle Mass in Community-Dwelling Older People in Singapore: Findings from the SHIELD study 1341241 Siew Ling Tey Abbott Nutrition Research and Development Samuel Teong Huang Chew Changi General Hospital Yatin Berde Cognizant Technologies Solution Pvt. Ltd. Geraldine Baggs Abbott Laboratories Choon How How Changi General Hospital Magdalin Cheong Changi General Hospital Yen Ling Low Abbott Nutrition Research and Development Ngiap Chuan Tan SingHealth Polyclinics Dieu Thi Thu Huynh Abbott Nutrition Research and Development Impact of Malnutrition on Low Muscle Mass in Community-Dwelling Older People in Singapore: Findings from the SHIELD study Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Malnutrition contributes to loss of muscle mass. There is limited information on the prevalence of low muscle mass in community-dwelling older people who are (not) at risk of malnutrition. Factors associated with muscle mass are also not well characterized. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI; ASM/height2) in older people with normal nutritional status (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, MUST risk category = low) and those at risk of malnutrition (MUST risk category = medium or high), and to determine factors associated with ASMI.Methods: Strengthening Health In ELDerly through nutrition (SHIELD) is a study involving 1211 (400 with normal nutritional status and 811 at risk of malnutrition) community-dwelling older people aged ≥ 65 years in Singapore. Low ASMI was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, 2014).Results: One in five (20.6%) nourished participants had low ASMI vs. four in five (81.3%) participants at risk of malnutrition had low ASMI (P P ≤ 0.0472). In the multiple linear regression model, age (coefficient, b = -0.013 kg/m2; P 2; P 2; P 2; P 2; P 2; P = 0.048) were associated with ASMI.Conclusions: Community-dwelling older people at risk of malnutrition had four-fold greater risk of having low ASMI as compared to nourished counterparts. Increasing age was associated with lower ASMI, whereas calf circumference, bone mass, BMI, PASE score, and being male were positively associated with ASMI. These findings highlight the importance of screening for low muscle mass and maintaining muscle health as part of the overall malnutrition management in this population group.Funding Sources: The Economic Development Board of Singapore, Abbott Nutrition, and Changi General Hospital funded this study.

P01-082-20 Enhancing the Cardiovascular Protective Effects of a Healthy Dietary Pattern with Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum): A Randomized Controlled Trial 1341009 Darel Wee Kiat Toh National University of Singapore Xuejuan Xia National University of Singapore Jasmine Hui Min Low National University of Singapore Clarinda Sutanto National University of Singapore Wan Yee Lee National University of Singapore Wen Wei Loh National University of Singapore Kian Keong Poh National University Heart Centre Jung Eun Kim National University of Singapore Enhancing the Cardiovascular Protective Effects of a Healthy Dietary Pattern with Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum): A Randomized Controlled Trial Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the impact of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) consumption as part of a healthy dietary pattern on cardiovascular health in Singaporean middle-aged and older adults. It was hypothesized that the consumption of wolfberry could further enhance the cardiovascular protective effects of a healthy dietary pattern.Methods: This was a 16 week, parallel design, randomized controlled trial where 40 Singaporean men and women (aged 50 to 64 years) received dietary counselling to follow a healthy dietary pattern either with or without 15 g/day of dried whole wolfberry, cooked and consumed as part of their meals. Blood pressure, serum lipid-lipoprotein concentrations and dietary compliance using 3-day food records were monitored every 4 weeks. Further evaluation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers, broadly classified as serological (total nitrate/nitrite, endothelin-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2 and von-Willebrand factor), structural (carotid intima-media thickness using B-mode ultrasonography) and functional (flow-mediated dilation using B-mode ultrasonography and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+/KDR+) by fluorescence-activated cell sorting) were analyzed before and after intervention.Results: Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern contributed to a time dependent effect on both the plasma total nitrate/nitrite (P Conclusions: Incorporating wolfberry to your daily meals may augment the cardiovascular protective benefits of a healthy dietary pattern by improving the regulation of vascular tone and plasma lipid-lipoprotein profile in Singaporean middle-aged and older adults.Funding Sources: Ministry of Education, Singapore

P01-087-20 A Ketogenic Diet Is Protective Against Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice 1341306 Courtney Whalen The Pennsylvania State University Floyd Mattie The Pennsylvania State University Elisabeth Bach The Pennsylvania State University Teodoro Bottiglieri Baylor Scott & White Research Institute A. Catharine Ross The Pennsylvania State University Thomas Neuberger The Pennsylvania State University Rita Castro The Pennsylvania State University A Ketogenic Diet Is Protective Against Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: A ketogenic diet (KD) positively impacts cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors yet its effect on atherosclerosis, the main cause of CVD, is elusive. We hypothesize that, when compared to a high-fat diet (HF), KD protects from atherosclerosis.Methods: Seven-week-old male Apoe-/- mice, a model for human atherosclerosis, were fed ad libitum (%kcal) KD (81-fat, 1-carbohydrate, 18-protein; n=4) or HF (40-fat, 42-carbohydrate, 18-protein; n=5). After 4, 8 and 12 weeks, plasma was collected and used to (1) quantify beta-hydroxybutyrate levels (OH-But) by a colorimetric assay; or (2) assess systemic inflammation, a key feature associated with atherosclerosis, using a panel of inflammatory cytokines; or (3) explore diet-driven changes in levels of atherosclerosis-relevant metabolites using a targeted metabolomic approach by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. At the endpoint, mice were euthanized and their perfusion-fixed aortas were subjected to 3-D analysis by magnetic resonance imaging to quantify the extent of atherosclerosis. Data were reconstructed using Matlab and segmented to obtain atherosclerotic plaque volumes using Avizo 9.0.Results: The inflammatory cytokines were significantly (PConclusions: KD was associated with decreased inflammation, changes in several metabolic intermediates and an atheroprotective effect based on MRI analysis.Funding Sources: Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences; Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences

P01-088-20 Age-Specific Differences in Whole-Body Amino Acid Kinetics 1341475 Raven Wierzchowska-McNew Texas A&M University Mariëlle Engelen Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University Gabriella Ten Have Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University John Thaden Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University Nicolaas Deutz Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University Age-Specific Differences in Whole-Body Amino Acid Kinetics Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Aging is associated with changes in body composition (eg. sarcopenia) but the overall effects of aging on systemic amino acid kinetics need further exploration. We previously reported metabolic differences in certain amino acids between young and older adults using comprehensive metabolic flux analysis. We expanded this novel single stable tracer pulse approach by the addition of several other isotopically-labeled amino acids to confirm and extend our findings in a new cohort of young and older adults. Methods: We studied 18 healthy young (~23 y, 9 females and 9 males) and 16 older adults (~67 y, 8 females and 8 males) by administering a single dose of a mixture of stable amino acid tracers related to arginine-citrulline, glutamate, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine, valine), and protein-related metabolism. A baseline blood sample was collected before administration of the pulse tracer followed by 1.5 hours blood sampling protocol. We measured plasma enrichments by LC-MS/MS to calculate their whole body production (WBP) rates and metabolite interconversions. In addition, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was measured. Statistics were performed by unpaired student t-test. Results: Older adults had a 13% higher Body Mass Index (p=0.005) and 13% lower appendicular skeletal muscle index than the younger group (p=0.04). WBP of glutamate was 26% lower (pConclusions: Metabolic flux analysis reveals that the kinetics of a large set of amino acids differ between younger and older adults which indicates that amino acid metabolism is age-related. The clinical relevance of those changes needs further investigation.Funding Sources: CTRAL Internal Funds

P01-090-20 Consuming Wolfberry (Lycium Barbarum L.) with a Healthy Dietary Pattern Improves the Function of Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells Derived from Middle-Aged and Older Adults 1340916 Xuejuan Xia National University of Singapore Darel Wee Kiat Toh National University of Singapore Kian Keong Poh National University Heart Centre Roger SY Foo Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Shi Ling Ng Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Olga Zharkova Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Jiong Wei Wang Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Jung Eun Kim National University of Singapore Consuming Wolfberry (Lycium Barbarum L.) with a Healthy Dietary Pattern Improves the Function of Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells Derived from Middle-Aged and Older Adults Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), a novel biomarker of cardiovascular disease, are involved in the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis and vascular repair and the number of EPCs could be altered by dietary modification. Wolfberry is widely known for the potential cardiovascular benefits, however, its impact on EPC count and function is not reported. This study aims to investigate the effect of consuming wolfberry as part of a healthy dietary pattern (HDP) on the number and function of EPCs derived from blood (BOECs).Methods: Twenty-four subjects from Singapore were randomized and consumed either HDP only (HDPO; n=9; mean age 55 ± 3 years) or HDP supplemented with 15 g/day wolfberry (HDPW; n=15; mean age 56 ± 4 years) for 16 weeks. At pre- and post-intervention, 27 mL peripheral blood was collected from subject for the isolation of BOECs. Immunofluorescence staining with von Willebrand factor (VWF) and flow cytometry analysis with cell surface markers including KDR and CD34 were performed to verify the obtained BOECs. In-vitro tube formation assay was performed to measure the angiogenic properties of BOECs. Endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and intima-media thickness (IMT) were also measured by ultrasonographic imaging.Results: Isolated BOECs have typical endothelial cobblestone morphology, express VWF and KDR, and partly express CD34. Compared with pre-intervention, both HDPO and HDPW groups showed an increase in total colony numbers of BOECs (from 1.8 ± 0.5 to 3.1 ± 1.1, P=0.28 and 2.7 ± 0.8 to 3.2 ± 0.6, P=0.51, respectively). For the tube formation capacity of BOECs, adherence to a HDP contributed to a time effect on both the total mesh area (P=0.02) and mean mesh size (PP=0.03), total mesh area (0.2 ± 0.1 to 0.7 ± 0.1 mm2, P=0.03), and mean mesh size (0.02 ± 0.006 to 0.05 ± 0.003 mm2, PConclusions: Adherence to a HDP increases colony count and enhances angiogenic function of BOECs, and the angiogenic capability of BOECs is further improved by wolfberry supplement in Singaporean middle-aged and older adults.Funding Sources: Ministry of Education, Singapore

P01-091-20 Attenuation of Post-Meal Cardio-Metabolic Indices with Red Raspberries in Older Overweight/Obese Adults 1341604 Di Xiao Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology Indika Edirisinghe Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology Britt Burton-Freeman Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology Attenuation of Post-Meal Cardio-Metabolic Indices with Red Raspberries in Older Overweight/Obese Adults Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Red raspberries (RRB) contain fiber and a unique combination of polyphenols with possible cardiovascular and metabolic benefits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute red raspberry intake on cardio-metabolic markers of postprandial substrate metabolism and vascular endothelial function in older overweight/obese adults.Methods: Thirty adults (age: 60 ± 4 years, BMI: 29.9 ± 3.0 kg m-2, mean ± SD) were randomized to the single-blinded, controlled, crossover trial. Participants consumed a high carbohydrate moderate fat breakfast (HCMF) meal containing 0 gram (control, 750 kcal) or 25 gram of freeze-dried RRB powder (2 cups fresh RRB equivalence, 752 kcal) on two occasions separated by 7 days washout period. Blood was collected at baseline and then again at 8 time points over 7.5 hours after test meals to determine glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed at baseline and then at 2 and 5 hours post test meal.Results: A significant treatment * time interaction was observed for glucose (P= 0.014) and insulin (PConclusions: Acute RRB supplementation attenuated postprandial glycemia and increased the vascular relaxation response after an HCMF meal challenge in a group of older overweight and obese individuals.Funding Sources: This work was supported by the National Processed Raspberry Council.

P01-093-20 Dietary Cacao Powder Supplementation in D-galactose Induced Aging Rat Model Improves Antioxidant Activities 1340208 Hyoeun Yoo Sookmyung Women's University Hyun-Sook Kim Sookmyung Women's University Dietary Cacao Powder Supplementation in D-galactose Induced Aging Rat Model Improves Antioxidant Activities Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Healthy aging is one of the most attentive topics since senescence may lead to retrogression of antioxidative ability, inflammatory regulation and neurodegeneration. This study was performed to determine the antioxidative effects of cacao powder supplementation in d-galactose induced aging rat model.Methods: After 3 weeks of adaptation period, 12-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=8 each): Control group(C), D-galactose induced aging group(G), D-galactose injection with 10% cacao powder group(LC), D-galactose injection with 16% cacao powder group(HC)(10%, 16% is percent per total food weight). G, LC, HC groups were intraperitoneally injected with D-galactose for 8 weeks and C group was treated with saline as a substitute.Results: After 8 weeks of cacao powder supplementation, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced glycation end (AGE) levels, and Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level significantly decreased in LC, HC group compared to G group(pConclusions: This study demonstrates that dietary cacao powder supplementation can alleviate oxidative stress by regulating oxidative stress markers like MDA and AGE or antioxidant enzymes such as SOD2 and CAT in d-galactose induced aging rat model.Funding Sources: This study was funded by Nutritional Immunology Lab of Sookmyung Women's University.

P01-094-20 Ethanol Extracts of Oenothera laciniata sprout, Equisetum arvense L., and Ailanthus altissima Leaves Improve Antioxidant Activities in D-galactose Induced Aging Rat Model 1340212 Hyoeun Yoo Sookmyung Women's University Hyun-Sook Kim Sookmyung Women's University Hyunjin Kim Sookmyung Women's University Songhee Ahn Sookmyung Women's University Xiangqin Zhou Sookmyung Women`s University Ethanol Extracts of Oenothera laciniata sprout, Equisetum arvense L., and Ailanthus altissima Leaves Improve Antioxidant Activities in D-galactose Induced Aging Rat Model Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Sprout of evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata, OL), Field horsetail(Equisetum arvense L., EAL), Tree of heaven(Ailanthus altissima, AA) leaves are all reported to be rich of flavonoids. This study was performed to determine the antioxidative effects of Sprout of evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata), Field horsetail(Equisetum arvense L.), Tree of heaven(Ailanthus altissima) leaves ethanol extracts in d-galactose induced aging rat model.Methods: After 3weeks of adaptation period, 12-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=5 each): Control group(C), D-galactose induced aging group(G), D-galactose injection with tomato treatment positive control group(PC), D-galactose injection with OL treatment group(O), D-galactose injection with EAL treatment group(E), D-galactose injection with AA treatment group(A). All groups except C group were intraperitoneally injected with D-galactose for 12 weeks and C group was treated with saline as a substitute.Results: After 8 weeks of oral treatment period, there was no significant difference in body weight among six groups. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration levels increased significantly in G group compared to C group(pConclusions: Sprout of evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata, OL), Tree of heaven(Ailanthus altissima, AA) extract consumption can ameliorate antioxidative activities by suppressing oxidative stress in d-galactose induced aging rat model. Further research is under progress to clarify the mechanism of antioxidative effects.Funding Sources: This study was partly funded and cooperated by Ministry of Commerce Industry and Energy.

P01-095-20 Dietary Diversity and Self-Reported Memory Deterioration in Chinese Adults: A Prospective Study 1340736 Jian Zhang Peking University Ai Zhao Peking University Chenlu Yang Peking University Zhongxia Ren Peking University Wei Wu Peking University Meichen Wang Peking University Peiyu Wang Peking University Yumei Zhang Peking University Dietary Diversity and Self-Reported Memory Deterioration in Chinese Adults: A Prospective Study Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: To investigate the association between dietary diversity and memory deterioration in Chinese adults aged 50 years or older.Methods: This study was based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey, a longitudinal study initiated in 1989. Information on general characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, medical history, and dietary intake (by 3-day dietary recall and household food inventory) were collected in each survey round. In the survey 2015, participants were additionally asked “How is your memory?” (very good, good, OK, bad, or very bad) and “In the past twelve months, how has your memory changed?” (improved, stayed the same, or deteriorated). The dietary diversity score (DDS) was developed according to the Chinese Dietary Guidelines and was calculated based on the data collected in the survey 2011. The DDS included eight food groups (cereals and tubers, vegetables, fruits, meat, soybeans and nuts, eggs, aquatic products, and milk and dairy products). If a participant consumed any food from a certain food group in the past 24 hours, then he would get one point for that food group. Average daily DDS scores were calculated. Participants who had been diagnosed with apoplexy and those who were uncertain about their memory status were excluded. Multinomial Logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the association between DDS scores and self-reported memory changes, taking the participants whose memory stayed the same as the reference. In the multivariate analysis, covariates (age, gender, residential region, education, and alcohol consumption) were adjusted.Results: Of the 4363 participants included in our analysis, the percentages of participants who thought their memory was OK, bad (bad or very bad), and good (good or very good) were 43.3%, 24.3%, and 32.4%, respectively. 47.3% of the participants reported memory deterioration in the past 12 months, and 1.4% reported memory improvement. The average value of DDS in participants was 4.09±1.13. Multivariate analysis showed that higher DDS (OR=0.82,95%CI=0.77~0.87, PConclusions: Lower dietary diversity was associated with self-reported memory deterioration in Chinese adults.Funding Sources: The authors received no financial support.

P01-096-20 Effects of Gardenia Jasminoides on Serum and Tissue Aging Markers in D-galactose-Induced Aging Rat Model 1340219 Xiangqin Zhou Sookmyung Women`s University Hyun-Sook Kim Sookmyung Women's University Effects of Gardenia Jasminoides on Serum and Tissue Aging Markers in D-galactose-Induced Aging Rat Model Aging and Chronic Disease Objectives: Gardenia Jasminoides can decrease the aging markers and function as an anti-aging substance of D-galactose-induced aging rat model .Methods: We randomly assigned the 9-week-old rats after 3 weeks of adaptation period into 4 groups(n=8): Normal control diet group(C), D-galactose-induced aging group(A), D-galactose-induced aging with ethanol extracted Tomato group(T) (as a positive control), and D-galactose-induced aging with ethanol extracted Gardenia Jasminoides group(G). All groups except normal control group were injected with D-galactose(300mg/kg) intra-peritoneally (i.p) for 12 weeks, and the C group was injected with 90% saline as a substitute. From the 4th week of galactose injection, the A, T, and G groups were orally administered with either distilled water, ethanol extracted tomato (as a positive control, 20mg/kg) or ethanol extracted Gardenia Jasminoides (20mg/kg) solution. We measured the aging markers of AGEs (Advanced glycation end products), MDA(Malondialdehyde), SOD2(Superoxide Dismutase2) in serum, and MDA(Malondialdehyde) level in liver.Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, the food intakes and body weight of all groups showed no significant differences. The serum AGEs level significantly increased in A group compare to C group, and the oral administration of ethanol extracted Gardenia Jasminoides significantly decreased the serum AGEs(pConclusions: From the results conclusively we suggest that Gardenia Jasminoides may improve aging markers by decreasing AGEs in serum. The liver oxidative such as SOD2, Catalase, and AKT are currently being investigated by western blot.Funding Sources: No funding

P02-001-20 Effects of Retinoic Acid and Insulin on Glycogen Content and Expression Levels of Glycogenic Proteins in Differentiating L6 Myocytes 1339994 Aaron Armstrong University of Tennessee Effects of Retinoic Acid and Insulin on Glycogen Content and Expression Levels of Glycogenic Proteins in Differentiating L6 Myocytes Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: The skeletal muscle is critical for the control of glucose homeostasis partially through glycogenesis. The effects of retinoic acid (RA) on glycogen content and expressions of key glycogenic proteins without or with insulin in L6 rat myocytes deserve to be studied.Methods: L6 myocytes at confluence were induced to differentiation using DMEM with 2% horse serum. Cells were incubated in medium with vehicle control or 1 µM RA without or with 10 nM insulin for 2, 4, and 6 days. Glycogen was extracted and analyzed using α-amyloglucosidase and released glucose assay. Proteins in cell lysates from parallel groups were extracted and subjected to analysis using western blotting. The expression levels of glycogen synthase (GS), phospho-glycogen synthase (Ser 641) (p-GS), glycogen synthase kinase 3-β(GSK3β), and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (p-GSK3β) were determined using their specific antibodies, and then quantified with ImageJ software.Results: The RA+insulin group had higher glycogen content than the control group on days 2 to 6. A synergistic effect of RA and insulin were observed on day 2. GS expression was synergistically induced in the RA+insulin group on each day. The total p-GS normalized to β-actin in the RA+insulin group was higher than that in the control on day 2. However, the ratio of p-GS/GS in the RA+insulin group was lower than that in the control on day 2 and in RA group on day 6, respectively. GSK3β expression levels in insulin and RA+insulin groups were higher than that in the control on day two. The total p-GSK3β normalized to β-actin showed an increase in the insulin group compared to the RA group on day 6. The p-GSK3β/GSK3β ratio in the insulin group was higher than that in RA and RA+insulin groups on day 6.Conclusions: Treatments with RA and insulin increase the glycogen content in L6 cells via upregulation of glycogenesis. A synergy of RA and insulin can be seen. The increases of total GS and decreases of p-GS/GS ratio contribute to the elevation of GS activity. RA likely exerts its glycogenic effects through changes of the total GS level and phosphorylation by GSK3β.Funding Sources: Internal fund at the University of Tennessee

P02-002-20 Auditory and Visual Working Memory Are Differentially Related to Carotenoid Status in Preadolescent Children 1341196 Corinne Cannavale University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Caitlyn Edwards UIUC Ruyu Liu University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Samantha Iwinski University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Anne Walk Eastern Illinois University Naiman Khan University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Auditory and Visual Working Memory Are Differentially Related to Carotenoid Status in Preadolescent Children Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Carotenoids are plant pigments known to deposit in neural tissues including the hippocampus, a brain substrate that supports several memory forms. However, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding carotenoid status and working memory function in children. Accordingly, this study aimed to understand the relationship between macular and skin carotenoids to visual and auditory working memory (WM) function.Methods: Seventy preadolescent children (7-12 years, 32 males) were recruited from the East-Central Illinois area. Auditory working memory was assessed using the story recall subtest of the Woodcock-Johnson IV Test of Cognitive Abilities. A subsample (N=61, 27 males) completed a visual working memory task and reaction time was quantified to determine speed of memory processing at set sizes of 1 to 4 items. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was assessed using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry. Skin carotenoids were assessed using reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter). Hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to assess the relationship between carotenoid status and WM function, while controlling for age, sex, income, and whole-body percent fat (DXA).Results: Auditory WM was positively associated with skin carotenoids (b=0.263, p=0.039) but not MPOD (b=-0.044, p=0.380). In contrast, MPOD was significantly associated with faster visual WM speed at set size 3 (b=-0.253, p=0.039) and trending at set sizes of 1 (b=-0.225, p=0.051), 2 (b=-0.171, p=0.121), and 4 (b=-0.230, p=0.055). Interestingly, skin carotenoids were not related to visual WM performance at either set size (all p’s > 0.300).Conclusions: These results indicate that auditory and visual WM may be differentially related to carotenoids. While skin carotenoids encompass all carotenoids consumed in diet, lutein and zeaxanthin are the only carotenoids which deposit in the macula. Given that MPOD was only related to visual WM, this suggests lutein plays a larger role in these neural functions relative to auditory WM. Interestingly, MPOD’s relationship with visual WM increased in strength with the more difficult trial type (i.e. increasing set size), indicating MPOD is related at higher levels of WM capacity. Funding Sources: This study was funded by the Egg Nutrition Center.

P02-003-20 The Efficacy of Carotenoids in DNA Repair in Lung Cancer 1340364 Junrui Cheng Department of Biochemistry, North Carolina State University Baxter Miller North Carolina State University Abdulkerim Eroglu Department of Biochemistry, North Carolina State University The Efficacy of Carotenoids in DNA Repair in Lung Cancer Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: To explore the efficacy and mechanism of β-carotene, lycopene, and β-cryptoxanthin, three major carotenoids in cigarette smoking-induced oxidative DNA damage in lung carcinoma cells. We hypothesize that carotenoids reverse cigarette smoke-induced DNA lesions and genotoxic events, thereby playing a role in modulating genome stability.Methods: We investigated mRNA and protein expressions of OGG1 in human alveolar epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke. Cells pre-treated with various doses of retinoic acid, β-carotene, lycopene, and β-cryptoxanthin for 24 hours, followed by being exposed to smoke using a smoking chamber.Results: We found out that while retinoic acid, lycopene, and β-cryptoxanthin increased OGG1 expression at 10nM and 100nM, they led to a substantial decrease of OGG1 at 10µM. Intriguingly, at lower concentrations, lycopene treatment in smoking cells promoted OGG1 expression to an even greater extent compared with non-smoking cells, indicating that lycopene was effective in repairing DNA under oxidative stress. However, in smoking cells, the efficacy of β-cryptoxanthin in inducing OGG1 was not as profound as that in non-smoking cells. We are in the process of quantifying levels of 8-oxogunaine by HPLC-MS/MS.Conclusions: While major carotenoids exerted an antioxidant at lower doses, they exerted a pro-oxidant effect at high doses. We believe that these novel findings will shed light on the mechanism of action of β-carotene, lycopene, and β-carotenoids at the molecular level for chemoprevention of lung cancer.Funding Sources: USDA

P02-004-20 Increased Concentrations of Serum β-carotene, α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin Are Associated with Lower Visceral Adipose Tissue in U.S. Adults 1340887 Ambria Crusan University of Minnesota Susan Raatz University of Minnesota Marla Reicks University of Minnesota Ryan Demmer University of Minnesota Increased Concentrations of Serum β-carotene, α-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin Are Associated with Lower Visceral Adipose Tissue in U.S. Adults Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: There is a positive relationship between visceral adiposity and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). Recent data report lower serum carotenoids in individuals with obesity. Longitudinal studies show an inverse relationship between CMD and serum carotenoids β-carotene (BC), α-carotene (AC), β-cryptoxanthin (BCX); however, the relationship between serum carotenoids and visceral adiposity in population samples has not been assessed. Our primary objective was to determine the association between adiposity and serum carotenoid concentrations in United States (U.S.) adults.Methods: Data were obtained from 3,904 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2006) using multistage probability sampling. The relationship between android fat percentage (AF%), measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and serum carotenoid concentrations for male and non-pregnant female participants aged 20-85 years in the U.S. was assessed. Associations were estimated using Pearson correlation coefficients and partial correlations adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and reported carotenoid intake. Multivariable linear regression modeled serum carotenoid concentrations (log transformed) on body fat percentage adjusted for reported dietary carotenoid and total calorie intake, age, sex, and race/ethnicity.Results: Mean±SE for BC, AC, BCX, and AF% were 12.30±0.05, 2.54±0.07, 6.80±0.04 μg/dL, and 36.87±0.22%, respectively. AF% concentrations were inversely associated with BC (r= -0.08, pConclusions: In a representative sample of U.S. adults, serum BC, AC, and BCX concentrations were inversely associated with AF%, independent of reported dietary intake. BC showed the strongest inverse associations followed by AC, then BCX.Funding Sources: N/A

P02-005-20 Dietary Xanthophyll and Choline Intake Interactively Influence Cognitive Flexibility in Middle-Adulthood 1341901 Caitlyn Edwards UIUC Anne Walk Eastern Illinois University Sharon Thompson University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Ginger Reeser UIUC Ryan Dilger University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign John Erdman University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Nicholas Burd University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Hannah Holscher UIUC Naiman Khan University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Dietary Xanthophyll and Choline Intake Interactively Influence Cognitive Flexibility in Middle-Adulthood Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Consumption and biomarker status of the xanthophyll-carotenoids lutein+zeaxanthin and the dietary component choline have been linked to benefits in cognition. However, knowledge on the interactive influence of these dietary components on cognition is sparse. We examined associations between dietary and bio-markers of lutein+zeaxanthin, choline, and cognitive flexibility among adults with overweight and obesity.Methods: 80 adults with overweight and obesity completed 7-day diet records, venous blood draws, heterochromatic flicker photometry for assessment of macular pigmentation (MPOD), the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test–2 (IQ), and a Switch task of cognitive flexibility while undergoing electroencephalographic recording (ERP). Multiplicative interaction terms were calculated to assess interactive capabilities. Hierarchical linear regressions controlling for age, body mass index, sex, annual household income, and IQ were utilized to assess independent and interactive contributions of dietary and metabolite data on Switch task outcomes.Results: Dietary intake of lutein+zeaxanthin and choline were correlated with serum lutein concentrations (r=0.42, pConclusions: Individuals with greater intake of lutein+zeaxanthin and choline exhibited faster RT during a cognitive flexibility task. Circulating PC was associated with higher response accuracy. These benefits were evident without differences in the N2 or P3 components, suggesting alternative neural benefits of xanthophyll and choline consumption on cognitive function.Funding Sources: Funds were provided by the Hass Avocado Board, the Department of Kinesiology and Community Health at the University of Illinois, and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project 1009249.

P02-006-20 Macular Carotenoids Are Associated with Neural Efficiency in Children 1340381 Caitlyn Edwards UIUC Corinne Cannavale University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Samantha Iwinski University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Isabel R Flemming UIUC Ruyu Liu University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Anne Walk Eastern Illinois University Naiman Khan University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Macular Carotenoids Are Associated with Neural Efficiency in Children Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Macular pigmentation has been previously related to benefits for behavioral and neuroelectric aspects of selective attention across the lifespan. The relationship between accumulation of carotenoids beyond the central nervous system and selective attention is less understood, particularly amongst children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the differential impacts of retinal and skin carotenoid accumulation and behavioral and neuroelectric indices of selective attention.Methods: Children between 7-12 years (N=60) participated in the study. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was assessed using heterochromatic flicker photometry and skin carotenoids were assessed using reflection spectroscopy at the fingertip using the Veggie meter. Body Mass Index adjusted for age and sex (BMI%) and general intelligence as assessed using the Woodcock Johnson IV test were used as covariates. Behavioral performance (accuracy and reaction time) and neuroelectric indices (event-related brain potentials [ERPs]) of attentional inhibition were assessed during a modified Eriksen Flanker task. Specifically, amplitude of the P3 waveform was used to index attentional resource allocation.Results: After controlling for covariates, MPOD was selectively associated with lower peak amplitude of the P3 waveform during congruent (β=-0.36, p=0.01) and incongruent task trials (β=-0.39, pConclusions: In this study, we were able to replicate previous findings demonstrating that higher accumulation of retinal carotenoids is associated with neural efficiency during a selective attention task. Skin carotenoids were associated with behavioral performance but were not related to neuroelectric indices of selective attention, suggesting site-specific benefits of carotenoid accumulation on cognitive health in childhood.Funding Sources: This work is funded by the Egg Nutrition Center.

P02-007-20 Effect of Handwashing on Skin Carotenoid Measurements Using Pressure-Mediated Reflectance Spectroscopy 1340031 Taylor Erickson Indiana University Stephanie Dickinson Indiana University Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo Indiana University Alyce Fly Indiana University Effect of Handwashing on Skin Carotenoid Measurements Using Pressure-Mediated Reflectance Spectroscopy Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: To determine whether washing hands with soap and water significantly affects skin carotenoid measurements in healthy adults. Hypotheses: Washing hands with soap and water does not significantly affect mean skin carotenoid scores or variability of skin carotenoid scores in healthy adults.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 participants that were recruited by convenience. Subjects completed a brief dietary survey before measurements. Skin carotenoid scores (SCS) on the nondominant index finger were obtained using pressure-mediated reflectance spectroscopy (Veggie Meter) at baseline and after each of 3 rounds of handwashing. Participants washed their hands with soap and water for 20-30 seconds and hands were dried completely. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the 3 SCS measured at each timepoint were analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA (α= 0.05). To simulate a usual study, the mean changes between baseline SCS and SCS after round 1 were analyzed with a paired sample t-test (α= 0.05).Results: Participants included 3 (10%) males and 27 (90%) females, ranging in age from 19-60. Participants identified themselves as “white” (73%), “black or African American” (7%) and “Asian” (20%). Among these groups, 17% identified as “Hispanic or Latina/Latino”. Mean SCS for each timepoint (baseline, after round 1, after round 2, and after round 3) were not significantly different over the handwashing cycles (p=0.312). Similarly, the within-person standard deviations for all timepoints remained fairly constant, as there was no significant change throughout the study (p=0.978). The mean SCS before handwashing was 264.24 ± 18.14 and was 261.14 ± 17.89 after round 1. This showed that while SCS values declined slightly when participants washed their hands, the change was not significant (p=0.416).Conclusions: The SCS of the participants in this study were not significantly affected by handwashing. It is important that the instrument remains clean between measures in order to get the most accurate readings, thus, ensuring that hands are clear of dirt or ink is a vital component of maintaining this accuracy. Asking participants to clean their hands before measurement with the Veggie Meter will not detract from their “true” SCS.Funding Sources: Funded in part by Indiana University

P02-008-20 Mango Intake Affects Skin Wrinkles in Postmenopausal Women 1341484 Vivien Fam University of California, Davis Raja Sivamani University of California, Davis Roberta Holt Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis Carl Keen UC Davis Robert Hackman UC Davis Mango Intake Affects Skin Wrinkles in Postmenopausal Women Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: To investigate the effects of mango intake on skin wrinkles (SW) and skin carotenoids (C) in postmenopausal women.Methods: A randomized, two-arm parallel study was conducted to assess 16 weeks (wk) of mango intake on SW development in the left and right lateral canthus (crow’s feet) of healthy postmenopausal women, aged 50 to 70. Participants consumed either 85g (0.5 cup) or 250g (1.5 cup) of mangos, 4 times/wk. High-resolution facial images were captured at baseline, 8 wk, and 16 wk. SW were separated into three categories: Average (A), Fine (F), and Emerging (E) with indices of length (L), width (W) and severity (S). F lines were defined as medium contrast wrinkles, while E lines were low contrast wrinkles, both at a minimum length of 2.6mm. The A SW was the mean contrast of all pixels of a SW. S was calculated as contrast multiplied by L. C values were measured with Raman spectroscopy and participants were separated into low baseline carotenoid (383 nm; HBC) groups. Participants started the study either in the Fall (Sep 1 – Nov 30) or Winter (Dec 1 – Feb 28) season. SW changes with mango intake were analyzed using One Way ANCOVA with the change in carotenoids, baseline BMI and season as covariates.Results: Among women in the LBC group, SW L was differentially affected by mango intake, with an increase in L in the 250g group compared to decreased L in the 85g group (left AL: 8wk, p = 0.026 and 16 wk, p = 0.014; left FL: 8 wk, p = 0.009 and 16 wk, p = 0.048). These specific SW were not significantly changed in the HBC group. A positive correlation between C and left FS (r= 0.434, p = 0.027) was seen in 85g group, while C was positively correlated with SW L and S with 250g of intake. This includes left AL (r = 0.407, p = 0.039), left FS (r = 0.381, p = 0.054) and right ES (r = 0.479, p = 0.008). After 16 wk, women with LBC had a significant increase in C (p = 0.017) with 250g compared to 85g of mango intake. No changes in C were noted for the HBC group (p = 0.909).Conclusions: Among women with baseline LBC, reduction in SW were observed with 85 g, but not 250g, of mango intake. Confirmation of these results in a controlled dietary intervention trial are warranted.Funding Sources: National Mango Board

P02-012-20 Validation of a Method for Estimating Vitamin A Absorption Efficiency Based on Compartmental Analysis of Post-Prandial Plasma Retinyl Ester Kinetics 1340141 Michael Green Penn State University Jennifer Ford Penn State University Joanne Green Penn State University Validation of a Method for Estimating Vitamin A Absorption Efficiency Based on Compartmental Analysis of Post-Prandial Plasma Retinyl Ester Kinetics Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Because good methods are not available to estimate vitamin A (VA) absorption, we evaluated an approach based on modeling retinyl ester response to an oral VA dose.Methods: We generated data for 12 theoretical subjects, assigning values for VA absorption, stores, and kinetic parameters; we used WinSAAM (Simulation, Analysis and Modeling software) to simulate data (without and with 5% average error) for plasma chylomicron retinyl esters (RE) and retinol versus time (30 min to 8 h or 56 d, respectively) after ingestion of labeled VA; next we fit data to a previously-published 9-component model for VA metabolism to obtain “known” values for VA absorption. Then RE data only were modeled for each subject using a robust (n=16 times) vs truncated sampling schedule (n=10) and model-predicted absorptions were compared to known values. Areas under the plasma RE response curves (AUCs) were also calculated and compared to known absorption values.Results: Known values for VA absorption based on modeling all data with error ranged from 54 – 92% (mean, 72%), VA stores from 160 – 1775 µmol, and chylomicron t1/2 from 6 – 12 min. Using the full sampling scheme for RE, the ratio of model-predicted to known absorption ranged from 0.927 – 1.06 (mean, 0.997); using the truncated scheme, the ratio was 0.814 – 1.13 (mean, 0.973). AUCs were not significantly correlated with known values for VA absorption (R2=0.112; P >0.05), presumably because absorption and chylomicron catabolism are occurring simultaneously.Conclusions: By modeling chylomicron RE tracer data after ingestion of labeled VA, absorption efficiency was estimated accurately using error-free data; using data with 5% error, estimates were within 10% of known values (full sampling) or within 20% (truncated). If subjects, after an overnight fast, consume a breakfast containing some fat and a known amount of VA, then no tracer is required to estimate VA absorption using this modeling approach. By incorporating a population-based design, the method could be used in children.Funding Sources: Supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Project Number OPP1115464) and HarvestPlus (BH183438)

P02-013-20 Vitamin A Metabolism During Refractory Telogen 1340121 Damla Hovland Texas Woman's University Liye Suo Houston Methodist Hospital Natalia Kedishvili University of Alabama John Sundberg The Jackson Laboratory Helen Everts Texas Woman's University Vitamin A Metabolism During Refractory Telogen Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Hair follicles cycle through periods of growth (anagen), regression (catagen) and rest (telogen). Telogen is further divided into refractory and competent telogen based on the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). Previously, the expression of a complete set of proteins involved in retinoic acid (RA) synthesis and signaling localized to the hair follicle and changed throughout the hair cycle. In addition, excess dietary vitamin A arrested the hair cycle in telogen; while retinol dehydrogenases short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C members 5 and 6 (Sdr16c5-/-/Sdr16c6-/-) double null mice had an accelerated the hair cycle. The purpose of this study was to further define these changes in the hair cycle.Methods: The localization of RA synthesis proteins SDR16C5, retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10), retinal dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH1A2), cellular RA binding protein 2 (CRABP2), RA degradation enzyme cytochrome p450 26B1 (CYP26B1), and BMP4 was examined in telogen hair follicles in female C57BL/6J mice by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody against BMP4 was also used to mark refractory telogen in the previous dietary vitamin A study.Results: All proteins localized to BMP4 positive refractory telogen hair follicles. SDR16C5 and ALDH1A2 were also seen in BMP4 negative competent telogen hair follicles, but at a lower level. RDH10 was expressed in both BMP4 negative and positive hair follicles at similar levels. BMP4 expression was also used to distinguish refractory from competent telogen in C57BL/6J mice fed different levels of vitamin A. Both low and excess dietary vitamin A resulted a greater percentage of hair follicles in refractory telogen in different studies.Conclusions: In conclusion, RA synthesis and signaling may be stronger in refractory telogen and contribute to the inhibition of the hair cycle.Funding Sources: NIH/NIAMS, Internal funding

P02-014-20 Anthocyanin and Lycopene Content Do Not Affect Beta-Carotene Bioefficacy from Multicolored Carrots in Male Mongolian Gerbils 1341329 Mikayla Kaeppler University of Wisconsin Department of Nutritional Sciences Jordan Smith University of Wisconsin Department of Nutritional Sciences Christopher Davis University of Wisconsin Department of Nutritional Sciences Philipp Simon University of Wisconsin Department of Horticulture Sherry Tanumihardjo University of Wisconsin-Madison Anthocyanin and Lycopene Content Do Not Affect Beta-Carotene Bioefficacy from Multicolored Carrots in Male Mongolian Gerbils Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Increasing provitamin A carotenoid consumption is one way to combat vitamin A (VA) deficiency, which is a public health problem in various countries. Multicolored carrots contain provitamin A carotenoids as well as other bioactive phytochemicals, such as anthocyanins and lycopene. Two studies in male Mongolian gerbils were conducted to assess the bioefficacy of 𝛽-carotene (BC) with simultaneous consumption of anthocyanins and lycopene from multicolored carrots.Methods: In Study 1 (n = 65), BC bioefficacy was compared in gerbils fed diets with a range of lycopene concentrations, sourced from freeze-dried red carrots. Study 2 (n = 66) utilized purple red carrots to create diets with varying anthocyanin content. Each study included positive and negative control groups (n = 10/group) fed white carrot VA-free feeds. Each study included 3-wk VA-depletion, baseline evaluation in 5 or 6 gerbils, and 4-wk treatment periods with 10 gerbils/treatment. HPLC analysis of liver VA stores and serum VA were performed. Results: In Study 1, there were no differences among groups. These results may have been influenced by an unanticipated high variation in gerbil starting weight, which was correlated to their final hepatic VA stores. In Study 2, vitamin A liver stores (0.21 + 0.08 𝜇mol/g) of the treatment groups did not differ from baseline (0.23 + 0.06 𝜇mol/g) or the positive control group (0.22 + 0.08 𝜇mol/g), but all groups significantly differed from the negative control group (0.11 + 0.07𝜇mol/g). Serum retinol concentrations did not correlate with the hepatic VA stores in either study.Conclusions: These results confirm previous studies that BC is bioavailable from purple red carrots. The results from Study 2, suggest that simultaneous consumption of carotenoids and anthocyanins do not impact the relative bioavailability of BC. These results add more evidence that serum VA concentrations do not accurately represent hepatic VA stores at deficient to normal concentrations. Funding Sources: California Fresh Carrot Advisory Board and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2016-51181-25400 (PWS)

P02-015-20 Dietary Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Omega-3- Essential Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Selected Australian Population 1340789 Kingsley Kalu Food and Health Cluster, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Angelica Ly Centre for Eye Health, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Charles McMonnies School of Optometry and Vision Science,University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Jayashree Arcot Food and Health Cluster, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Dietary Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Omega-3- Essential Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Selected Australian Population Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the dietary intakes of lutein, zeaxanthin (L+Z) and omega-3-essential fatty acid(EFA) among a selected population of Australian based adults and to examine the effect of specified risk factors for age-related macular degeneration(AMD) on those levels.Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 70 adults aged 19-52 years was carried out. Demographic data were obtained using an online self-administered questionnaire while dietary intakes were estimated using USDA's 24 hours recall questionnaire, the Victorian Cancer Council(Australia) food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric characteristics were obtained using a body composition analyzer. Dietary intakes of lutein, zeaxanthin, omega-3-EFA and anthropometric indices against the risk of AMD were established using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation.Results: The mean age of the population was 29.9±8.1years with 51% men and 49% women. Women had a higher intake of L+Z (1908.6µg/day versus 1032.8µg/day) and alpha-linolenic acid(ALA) compared to men(1.7±1.1g/day versus 1.6±1.2g/day). Men consumed more omega-3-EFA than women (433±397.1mg/day versus 365±210.7mg/day). L+Z levels were higher among people of Middle Eastern and South Asian origin ( >4,000µg/day) in the 19-25years age group. People of Middle Eastern, South East Asian and South Asian had the highest intake of omega-3-EFA( >500mg/day) at ages 19-25, 26-32 and 34-52years respectively. Women aged 34-52years with a family history of AMD had higher levels of L+Z( >2,500µg/day) while women aged 26-32years with a family history of AMD had higher levels of ALA( >3g/day). Ethnicity and L+Z were correlated (P= -0.456, P 4,000µg/day) were seen in participants aged 34-52years with a 5-10years residence in Australia. Participants who had less than 5-10years of residency had higher levels of omega-3-EFA( >500mg/day) for ages 26-32years while those aged 34-52years who had less than 5years of residency had higher ALA( >4g/day).Conclusions: Intake levels for L+Z vary significantly among participants. Culturally specific dietary habits could feasibly influence the levels of intake of L+Z. Intake levels of omega-3-EFA were met. This study provides detailed intake levels of L+Z and omega-3-EFA for the 'at-risk' AMD group.Funding Sources: No funding source

P02-021-20 Lycopene Quantity and Sources in the Diet of Healthy Young People 1339835 Aleksei Korolev I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) Ekaterina Kirpichenkova I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) Elena Nikitenko I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) Elena Denisova I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) Elena Fanda I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) Lycopene Quantity and Sources in the Diet of Healthy Young People Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Lycopene is a major dietary non-vitamin carotenoid, which has a high number of conjugated dienes, and known as a powerful antioxidant and radical scavenger. The present study was designed to assess the level of lycopene intake and to describe which food sources contribute the most to intake.Methods: Lycopene’s level and its main food sources were assessed using the 24-hour reсall method. Periodicity of intake food sources were assessed using a specialized Food Frequency Questionnaire applying the carotenoids database from the USDA. A survey was conducted among 122 students in age group 20 to 28 years (21.86±1.12) and included 89 females and 33 males.Results: Only 43.4% respondents have achieved the recommended level of lycopene (12.64±8.57 mg/day). In this group the following sources of lycopene were presented : red raw tomatoes (47.2%), fast food products – pizza, lasagna, pasta (18.9%), ketchup (15.1%), watermelon (11.3%), tomato juice (5.6%), pink and red grapefruits (1.9%). For 14.7% students the intake of lycopene in the diet was more than half of the recommended level. The main sources of lycopene in this group were red raw tomatoes (61.1%), pizza, sandwiches (33.3%), and ketchup (5.6%). For 15.6% participants the dietary intake of lycopene was less than half of the recommended level. In this group, the major sources of lycopene were the following: ketchup (21.3%), soup and sandwiches (21.1% each), red raw tomatoes (15.8%), canned fish in tomato sauce (10.5%) and tomato juice (5.2%). A quarter of respondents had no sources of lycopene in their diet. An assessment of the results of survey of 122 students revealed that 91 respondents included red raw tomatoes in weekly diet (9.0% – 6-7 times a week, 47.6% – 3-5 times a week, 18.0% – 1-2 times a week). The weekly diet of more than a third of respondents contained tomato-based sources of lycopene: pizza (47.5%), ketchup (46.7%), cheeseburger (34.4%) and hamburger (17.2%). Thus, the significant number of study participants did not include tomato juice (55.7%), red tomatoes (49.1%), persimmon (45.9%), pink or red grapefruit (41.0%).Conclusions: The recommended quantity of lycopene intake was achieved by including raw red tomatoes and tomato-containing products in the diet. Additional sources of lycopene (watermelon, red and pink grapefruits, persimmon) in the diet of most students were absent.Funding Sources: No funding

P02-023-20 Effects of Goji Berry Intake on Macular Pigment Optical Density and Skin Carotenoids in Healthy Adults 1340216 Xiang Li UC Davis Roberta Holt Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis Carl Keen UC Davis Robert Hackman UC Davis Effects of Goji Berry Intake on Macular Pigment Optical Density and Skin Carotenoids in Healthy Adults Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Zeaxanthin (Z) and lutein (L) are xanthophyll carotenoids that function in part as macular pigments. Goji berries (Lycium Barbarum) are rich in zeaxanthin, and contain lutein, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin. High intakes of Z and L have been associated with reduced risk of age-related macular degeneration. We assessed the impact of 3 months of 5 times per week intake of 28 g goji berry (GB), or a supplement providing 4 mg of Z and 6 mg of L (ZL) on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and skin carotenoids (SC) in healthy adults aged 45-65 y old.Methods: A randomized, open-labeled, parallel-arm pilot study was conducted at UC Davis. Study visits at baseline (SV1), and at 45 d (SV2) and 90 d (SV3) used heterochromatic flicker photometry to measure MPOD at 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 1.75 retinal eccentricities (RE), and Raman spectroscopy for SC. Between group changes within each treatment group were assessed with one-way Repeated Measures ANOVA with the Holm-Sidak post-hoc method.Results: To date, 6 males and 13 females have been assessed. SC was not significantly different between the groups at SV1. The GB group showed a significant increase in SC at 45 d and 90 d compared to baseline (350.6±138.4 SV1 vs. 400.6±131.5 SV2 vs. 409.6±156.6 SV3, pConclusions: We report preliminary results that goji berry intake increases skin carotenoids. These data confirm that Raman spectroscopy is a useful tool for the relationship of skin carotenoids with dietary carotenoid intake, as well as changes in skin carotenoids with macular pigment optical density.Funding Sources: UC Davis, Department of Nutrition

P02-025-20 Serum Carotenoid Levels and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in US Adults 1341472 Buyun Liu University of Iowa Shuang Rong Wuhan University of Science and Technology Yangbo Sun University of Iowa Robert Wallace University of Iowa Linda Snetselaar University of Iowa Wei Bao University of Iowa Serum Carotenoid Levels and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in US Adults Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Carotenoids are bioactive compounds abundant in plant foods and they are thought to provide health benefits in decreasing the risk of chronic diseases. However, studies about serum carotenoid levels and long-term mortality were limited and the findings were controversial. This study examined the association of serum levels of total and individual carotenoids with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and cancer mortality.Methods: This nationally representative cohort includes 8,874 adults aged 18 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. Serum levels of α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, combined Lutein/ zeaxanthin, and lycopene were measured. Total carotenoids were the sum of these individual carotenoids. All participants were linked to mortality data through December 31, 2015. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models with survey weights to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: During on average 10.1 years (maximum 13.1 years) of observation, 1,497 deaths occurred including 363 deaths from CVD and 306 deaths from cancer. After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and dietary and lifestyle factors, the HR (95% CI) comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of serum total carotenoid levels was 0.71 (0.58-0.88) for all-cause mortality and 0.65 (0.49-0.87) for CVD mortality. There was no significant association between serum total carotenoid levels with cancer mortality (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.55-1.17). For specific types of carotenoids, higher levels of α-Carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, combined Lutein/ zeaxanthin, and lycopene were associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality, with the adjusted HRs ranging from 0.66 to 0.83. Higher serum levels of combined Lutein/ zeaxanthin and lycopene were associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality, while trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin were associated with a lower risk of cancer mortality.Conclusions: In this nationally representative study, higher levels of serum total carotenoids or several specific types of carotenoids were associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Some carotenoids were associated with a lower risk of cancer mortality.Funding Sources: N/A

P02-028-20 Self-Reported Dietary Carotenoid Intake Is Related to Cognitive Outcomes in Early Adolescents 1341681 Cassandra Partridge University of Idaho Meredith LaFrance University of Idaho Katie Brown Utah State University Benjamin McDunn University of Idaho Annie Roe University of Idaho Self-Reported Dietary Carotenoid Intake Is Related to Cognitive Outcomes in Early Adolescents Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: To investigate the relationships between self-reported dietary carotenoid intake and cognitive outcomes in adolescents aged 11-14 years.Methods: Thirty adolescents aged 11-14 years participated in the cross-sectional study. Dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin, lycopene, alpha- and beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin and total carotenoids were assessed from three days of 24-hour dietary recall data collected and analyzed using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool, developed by the National Cancer Institute. Assessments from the NIH Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function were administered to determine scores of executive function, episodic memory, working memory, attention, processing speed, and fluid cognition, all adjusted for age, gender, race, ethnicity, and parent education. Spearman correlations were used to evaluate relationships between variable pairs, using SAS software.Results: A significant inverse relationship was found between intake of lutein and zeaxanthin and working memory scores (R2 = -0.427, p2 = 0.411, p2 = 0.396, p2 = 0.395, pConclusions: Dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin was negatively associated with working memory scores and intakes of cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and total carotenoids were positively associated with episodic memory scores in early adolescents aged 11-14 years. Dietary intake of specific carotenoids may have varied associations with specific domains of cognition. Larger sample sizes are needed to comprehensively evaluate these relationships in adolescent populations.Funding Sources: University of Idaho internal funding

P02-031-20 Reduced Plasma Lipid Mediators Are Directly Associated with Low Vitamin A Status in Women from Western Samar, Philippines 1341233 Rodrigo Rosario California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Reina Engle-Stone University of California, Davis Marjorie Haskell University of California, Davis Alex Brito Luxembourg Institute of Health Karan Agrawal University of California, Davis Rob Fanter California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo John Newman USDA WHNRC Michael La Frano California Polytechnic State University Reduced Plasma Lipid Mediators Are Directly Associated with Low Vitamin A Status in Women from Western Samar, Philippines Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Vitamin A (VA) is an essential micronutrient that plays a key role in many biological processes, including growth, vision, immunity and reproduction. While evidence has been established to support these mechanisms, new studies suggest there may be more signaling compounds that are impacted by VA status. Lipid mediators, such as oxylipins and lysophospholipids, are signaling compounds that, in response to biological stimuli, exhibit regulatory effects on inflammation, immune function, vascular tone, and other systems. The objective was to investigate differences in lipid mediators associated with VA status.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, blood samples from women in Western Samar, Philippines, were selected based on plasma retinol concentration indicating adequate (n=5) or low (n=5) VA status (retinol Results: Twenty-four lipid mediators were lower in the low VA status group (pConclusions: In this exploratory study, VA status was directly associated with lipid mediator concentrations. Future studies testing the biological impact of lipid mediator changes with varying levels of VA status are necessary.Funding Sources: NIH U24 DK097154, USDA Intramural Project 2032-51530-022-00D, NIH T32-GM008799, Cal Poly CAFES SURP

P02-032-20 Astaxanthin Levels Are Higher in Fresh Salmon Compared to Canned and Pouch Varieties 1341592 Aimee Sutliff University of Colorado - Anschutz Lauren O'Connor National Cancer Institute Audrey Hendrick Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Minghua Tang Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Kevin Quinn Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Katrina Doenges Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Jamie Westcott Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Sarah Borengasser University of Colorado Richard Reisdorph Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Daniel Frank University of Colorado Dingbo Lin Oklahoma State University Wayne Campbell Purdue University, Department of Nutrition Science Nancy Krebs University of Colorado Nichole Reisdorph Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Astaxanthin Levels Are Higher in Fresh Salmon Compared to Canned and Pouch Varieties Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Astaxanthin, a predominately marine-source carotenoid, is the subject of a large number of studies for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Astaxanthin is not generally a primary carotenoid in human plasma due to relatively low dietary intake. Salmon is the one of the few dietary sources of astaxanthin in typical American diets and the concentration may vary by the source of salmon foods. A study was performed to 1) Compare astaxanthin concentration in various sources of salmon; 2) Compare astaxanthin plasma concentrations before and after salmon consumption.Methods: An assortment of salmon types and forms was purchased in the greater Denver, CO region: wild Pacific, farmed Atlantic, canned and pouch. Plasma samples were collected from five participants prior to and after a five week Mediterranean diet intervention study, which included two servings of salmon per week. Salmon samples were freeze-dried, then both salmon (in triplicate) and plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction for untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. An accurate mass and retention time database was used to identify and quantify astaxanthin. ANOVA with Tukey multiple testing corrections was used to assess the relationship between astaxanthin and the different salmon products, and paired t-tests for astaxanthin in plasma.Results: Astaxanthin concentration was significantly higher in fresh salmon compared to pouch packaged (23.0-fold; p=1.70e-04) and canned (34.9-fold; p=1.23e-08). Interestingly, astaxanthin levels were similar between fresh wild Pacific and fresh farmed Atlantic salmon (0.91-fold, p=0.82) and by mode of cooking (i.e. fresh, cooked, frozen; p=0.81). Astaxanthin concentration in plasma was significantly increased after farmed Atlantic salmon consumption (1.98-fold, p=6.16e-09).Conclusions: Our data suggest that astaxanthin concentration varies among different processed salmon products compared to wild and farmed salmon. After salmon consumption, plasma astaxanthin concentration increased and may have potential as a biomarker of salmon consumption.Funding Sources: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

P02-033-20 Bell Peppers Provide Consistent β-cryptoxanthin Content Independent of Organic Status, Fresh, or Cooked, North American Country of Origin and Season 1341587 Aimee Sutliff University of Colorado - Anschutz Audrey Hendrick Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Katrina Doenges Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Kevin Quinn Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Jamie Westcott Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Minghua Tang Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Sarah Borengasser University of Colorado Richard Reisdorph Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Daniel Frank University of Colorado Wayne Campbell Purdue University, Department of Nutrition Science Nancy Krebs University of Colorado Nichole Reisdorph Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Bell Peppers Provide Consistent β-cryptoxanthin Content Independent of Organic Status, Fresh, or Cooked, North American Country of Origin and Season Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: The carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin is a natural pigment that is both an antioxidant and a precursor to retinol. Research supports that β-cryptoxanthin has greater bioavailability than β-carotene in humans. Red bell peppers have more than double the amount of β-cryptoxanthin than any of the top seven consumed vegetables, as ranked by the USDA. To determine if the amounts of β-cryptoxanthin in bell peppers are dependent upon the organic status, color, cooking, season or location that the fruit was grown within North America, β-cryptoxanthin was measured and compared in green, red and yellow bell peppers.Methods: An assortment of bell peppers were purchased in the greater Denver, CO region. Green, red and yellow peppers; organic and non-organic; and peppers grown in Canada, the US and Mexico during two different seasons were selected for analysis. The effects of lightly sautéing compared to fresh peppers and season of growth were compared. Samples (100 mg/1 mL) were freeze-dried, then prepared by liquid-liquid extraction for untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics analysis. An accurate mass and retention time (AMRT) database was used to identify and quantify β-cryptoxanthin. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between β-cryptoxanthin and pepper qualities.Results: β-cryptoxanthin concentration was significantly higher in red bell peppers compared to green (11.8-fold) and yellow peppers (7.1-fold) (p=1.624e-11). β-cryptoxanthin concentration does not appear to be influenced by organic status, season or geographic location. Likewise, the cooked peppers were similar in β-cryptoxanthin content compared to their fresh counterparts.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the consumption of bell peppers as a source of β-cryptoxanthin is consistent across organic status, fresh, cooked, season and the location in which they were grown. While β-cryptoxanthin concentration in significantly higher in red bell peppers, more research is necessary in order to determine whether these differences result in any altered health outcomes.Funding Sources: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

P02-034-20 Effectiveness of a Food-Based Intervention to Increase Breast Milk Vitamin A Content at One Month of Infancy 1341115 Sumathi Swaminathan St John's Research Institute Sumithra Selvam St John's Research Institute Agnita Narendra Karnataka Health Promotion Trust Tinku Thomas St John's Medical College, Bangalore, India Anil Vasudevan St John's Medical College & Hospital Annamma Thomas St John's Medical College & Hospital Anura Kurpad St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India Effectiveness of a Food-Based Intervention to Increase Breast Milk Vitamin A Content at One Month of Infancy Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Vitamin A requirements in early infancy are met only by breast milk intake. It is critical to ensure adequate breast milk vitamin A levels which also helps develop liver stores. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a maternal food-based intervention on breast milk vitamin A contentMethods: Pregnant women (n=50; 24±1 week of gestation ) were recruited for the randomized study. A 10 g of a green leafy vegetable powder (mint/coriander/curry) providing about 3200 µg β-carotene/day, for a period of 4 months up to 1 month of lactation were provided for intervention arm. Breast milk (BM) retinol concentration and BM volume were assessed. BM retinol and beta-carotene were assayed by HPLC and BM fat by creamatocrit method. BM retinol:fat ratio was calculated. The dose-to-mother deuterium dilution technique was used to estimate BM volume through enrichment of saliva measured by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Total BM retinol content was calculated from BM volume and the BM retinol (including beta-carotene:1 vitamin A RAE=12 µg β-carotene). Inadequacy of intake was defined as proportion of infants with intake below a requirement of 400 µg RAE/day. Analysis of co-variance was performed after adjusting for age of mother, change in maternal blood retinol from baseline and BM fat, to compare outcomes between intervention and control arm.Results: Maternal age, gestational age, socio-demographic characteristics and baseline vitamin A intake were comparable in both arms. Mean BM volume was similar in the 2 arms (676±102 in intervention vs 630±100 ml/day in control). BM retinol content (0.72±0.12 vs 0.64±0.11 µg/mL; p=0.029) and BM retinol:fat ratio [0.41 (0.31, 0.47) vs 0.29 (0.21, 0.41), p=0.011] were significantly higher in the intervention arm. The mean total BM retinol content was significantly higher in the intervention (482.2±100.7 vs 406.5±89.2 µg/day; p=0.015; Cohen’s effect size 0.80). Inadequacy of infant vitamin A intake was 14.3% in the intervention arm as against 39.1% in the control arm (p=0.065).Conclusions: The food-based intervention was effective in increasing vitamin A content in breast milk and thereby vitamin A intake in infants.Funding Sources: International Atomic Energy Agency

P02-035-20 Repeated Retinoic Acid Treatments Modulate Adipose Tissue Development of Neonatal Rats Reared by Mothers Consuming a High Fat Diet 1339975 Libo Tan University of Alabama Hui Wang University of Alabama Yanqi Zhang University of Alabama Repeated Retinoic Acid Treatments Modulate Adipose Tissue Development of Neonatal Rats Reared by Mothers Consuming a High Fat Diet Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, has been shown to be a regulator of adipose tissue (AT) development in adult models. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of repeated RA treatments on body weight (BW) gain, AT development, and metabolic conditions of neonatal rats reared by mothers consuming a high-fat diet (HFD).Methods: Five Sprague-Dawley rats arrived on their second day of gestation and were randomized to either a normal-fat diet (NFD=25% fat; n=2) or a HFD (50% fat; n=3) both with a marginal level of VA at 0.35 mg/kg. Half of the pups delivered by mothers in HFD cohort received oral RA treatments. Specifically, on postnatal day 5 (P5) and P8, respectively, n=12 pups in HFD cohort received an oral RA dose at 4 μg/g BW (HFD+RA group). Remaining pups in HFD cohort (n=12; HFD group) and pups in NFD cohort (n=12; NFD group) both received oil as placebo. Six hours after the dose administration on P8, n=4 pups/group were euthanized with blood, visceral white AT (WAT), and brown AT (BAT) collected. On P11 and P14, remaining pups in NFD, HFD, and HFD+RA group (n=8/group) received a dose of oil, oil, and RA, respectively. Six hours after the administration on P14, n=4 pups/group were sacrificed. On P17 and P20, remaining pups in each group (n=4) received their respective treatment and were euthanized six hours afterwards on P20. Serum samples from P14 and P20 sacrifice were analyzed for concentrations of glucose, insulin, lipids, adipokines, and inflammatory markers.Results: At P8 and P14, no significant difference in BW gain, WAT mass, and BAT mass of pups was noted among groups. At P20, all three measures were significantly (PConclusions: Repeated RA treatments exerted a regulatory role on the AT metabolism and development of neonatal offspring to mothers consuming a HFD, as evidenced by reduced BW gain and AT mass as well as modulation of adipokines.Funding Sources: NIH

P02-036-20 Skin Carotenoid Status Is a Potential Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Determination in Middle-Aged and Older Adults 1341007 Darel Wee Kiat Toh National University of Singapore Clarinda Sutanto National University of Singapore Wen Wei Loh National University of Singapore Wan Yee Lee National University of Singapore Yuanhang Yao National University of Singapore Choon Nam Ong National University of Singapore Jung Eun Kim National University of Singapore Skin Carotenoid Status Is a Potential Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Determination in Middle-Aged and Older Adults Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: The study aimed to examine the associations between skin carotenoid status and plasma carotenoids with classical cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among a middle-aged and older Singaporean population. It was hypothesized that skin carotenoid status and plasma carotenoids could be used as an indicator for CVD risk.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 45 men and 59 women, aged 50 to 75 years, from a community in Singapore (n = 104). Dietary information was obtained using 3-day food records, skin carotenoid status was measured using resonance Raman spectroscopy and plasma carotenoids were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. CVD risk was determined using classical risk factors including blood pressure (BP), serum lipid-lipoprotein concentrations, as well as overall CVD risk predictors such as the number of metabolic syndrome components and a 10-year CVD risk prediction using the Framingham Heart Study risk score calculator.Results: Multiple linear regression with covariate adjustments indicated that skin carotenoid status and plasma carotenoids were inversely associated with systolic BP (skin: standardized regression coefficient (β) = -0.341, P Conclusions: Skin carotenoid status can function not only as a dietary biomarker, but also, as a potential surrogate marker for CVD risk in middle-aged and older Singaporeans.Funding Sources: National University of Singapore Ministry of Education, Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (Singapore)

P02-038-20 Vitamin A Status in Neonatal and Weanling Rats Reared by Mothers Consuming Normal and High Fat Diets with or Without Vitamin A Supplementation 1340158 Yanqi Zhang University of Alabama Kristi Crowe-White The University of Alabama Lingyan Kong University of Alabama Libo Tan University of Alabama Vitamin A Status in Neonatal and Weanling Rats Reared by Mothers Consuming Normal and High Fat Diets with or Without Vitamin A Supplementation Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Although the circulating level of vitamin A (VA) is reported to be significantly lower in obese adults, it is unknown if maternal adiposity would influence the VA status of the offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate the status and distribution of VA in the offspring of rats consuming a normal fat diet (NFD) or a high fat diet (HFD), with or without VA supplementation.Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats arrived on their second day of gestation and were randomized to either a NFD (25% fat) or a HFD (50% fat) both with an adequate level of VA at 2.6 mg/kg. Upon the delivery of pups, half of rat mothers from the NFD or HFD cohort were switched to a NFD or a HFD both with supplemented VA at 129 mg/kg (NFD+VA and HFD+VA group), respectively. The other half remained on their diets with adequate VA (NFD and HFD group). At postnatal day 14 (P14) and P25, 4 pups/group were euthanized. At P25, the remaining weanling pups (n=3/group) were fed diets of their respective mothers until being euthanized at P35. Concentrations of total retinol in serum, liver, visceral white AT (WAT), and brown AT (BAT) were measured by UPLC.Results: Through the study, pups in non-supplemented groups showed a normal serum retinol concentration but a marginal liver VA status. At all the time points, serum retinol concentration was significantly (PConclusions: Maternal VA supplementation added to both NFD and HFD raised VA status of the offspring. A lower VA concentration in serum but higher concentration in liver and WAT was observed in the HFD+VA group as compared to the NFD+VA group at given time points, indicating that maternal HFD consumption potentially compromised the availability of functional VA in circulation by increasing its deposition in storage organs.Funding Sources: NIH

P02-039-20 Vitamin A Supplementation During Suckling and Post-Weaning Periods Improves Systemic and Adipose Tissue Redox Status in Offspring of Rats Consuming a High-Fat Diet 1341770 Yanqi Zhang University of Alabama Katelyn Senkus The University of Alabama Kristi Crowe-White The University of Alabama Libo Tan University of Alabama Vitamin A Supplementation During Suckling and Post-Weaning Periods Improves Systemic and Adipose Tissue Redox Status in Offspring of Rats Consuming a High-Fat Diet Carotenoids and Retinoids Objectives: Dietary fat can contribute to oxidative stress and adipose tissue (AT) accrual which exacerbates redox imbalance. Vitamin A (VA) has been shown to regulate AT development and associated metabolic conditions in adult models; however, such effects of VA in early life stages, especially on redox status, has barely been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of VA supplementation during suckling and post-weaning periods on systemic and AT redox status in rats reared by mothers consuming a high-fat diet (HFD).Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats arrived on their second day of gestation and were randomized to either a normal-fat diet (NFD=25% fat) or a HFD (50% fat) both with adequate VA at 2.6 mg/kg. Upon delivery of pups, half of rat mothers from the NFD cohort or HFD cohort were switched to a NFD or a HFD both with supplemented VA at 129 mg/kg (NFD+VA and HFD+VA group), respectively. The other half of mothers remained on their diets with adequate VA (NFD and HFD group). At postnatal day 14 (P14), P25, and P35, pups (n=4 or 3/group/time point) were euthanized. Concentrations of VA, lipid peroxides, and antioxidant capacity (AC) of serum, visceral white AT (WAT) and brown AT (BAT) were measured.Results: At all three time points, the lipid peroxides concentration in WAT was significantly lower in VA-supplemented groups as compared to their respective control (P Conclusions: VA supplementation during suckling and post-weaning period improved both the systemic and WAT redox status of rats reared by mothers consuming a HFD, as well as the status within both WAT and BAT of pups nursed by mothers consuming a NFD. The differing results in WAT and BAT may suggest their different roles in redox biology.Funding Sources: NIH

P03-001-20 An Acute Comparison of the Change of Serum Lipids, Glucose, and hs-CRP levels After Consumption of a Beef Burger Versus a Vegetarian Burger in Healthy Adults 1340189 Tania Simone Barros Loma Linda University Maple Schompoopong Loma Linda University Shih-Ying Wu Loma Linda University Cindy Kosch Loma Linda University Gurinder Bains Loma Linda University Lee Berk Loma Linda University Francis Zamora Loma Linda University Liang Ji Loma Linda University An Acute Comparison of the Change of Serum Lipids, Glucose, and hs-CRP levels After Consumption of a Beef Burger Versus a Vegetarian Burger in Healthy Adults Climate/Environment, Agriculture and Food Supply Objectives: A strong positive association exists between the consumption of fast food and risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Some individuals seek more healthful food alternatives, which include vegetarian products. The fast food industry is investing in more plant-based products. The objective of this study is to compare the change in blood biomarkers (lipids, glucose and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels) after consumption of a beef burger versus a vegetarian burger.Methods: Thirty-five healthy adults (22 females, 13 males), with mean age 28.5 ± 6.1 and mean Body Mass Index 24.4 kg/m² ± 3.5 completed a double blind, randomized, crossover study. After an eight-hour fast, they were randomly assigned to eat either a beef or vegetarian (Impossible) burger. One week later, the burgers were switched. The biomarkers were measured while fasting, and at 30, 60, and 120 min post-burger consumption.Results: Linear mixed model was used for data fitting to assess the effect of adjusted covariates on selected nutrients. Blood triglyceride levels significantly increased from baseline over time after consumption of each type of burger (p˂0.001). Consumption of the vegetarian burger showed significantly faster increase in triglycerides compared to the beef burger (p˂0.001). At 120 min, there was no significant difference in the levels. Low-density lipoproteins significantly decreased over time following both types of burgers (p˂0.001). There was no significant difference between the two burgers. Glucose levels showed significant changes over time for both groups (p˂0.001). There was a significantly (p˂0.004) greater change (initial increase, then decrease) in glucose levels after the vegetarian compared to the beef burger. Glucose levels peaked at 30 min, returning to baseline at 120 min for both groups. There was no significant difference in total cholesterol (p=0.62), high-density lipoprotein (p=0.81), or hs-CRP (p=0.58) within or between groups.Conclusions: Contrary to popular thought, consumption of beef and vegetarian burgers produces similar changes in acute blood biomarkers. Future research is warranted.Funding Sources: This study was supported by Loma Linda University

P03-002-20 Daily Cost of Consumer Food Waste, Inedible Portions, and Consumed Food in the United States, 2001-2016 1340700 Zach Conrad William & Mary Daily Cost of Consumer Food Waste, Inedible Portions, and Consumed Food in the United States, 2001-2016 Climate/Environment, Agriculture and Food Supply Objectives: Consumer food waste in the United States represents substantial amounts of wasted nutrients, as well as needless environmental impact from wasted agricultural inputs, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions. Efforts to reduce food waste at the consumer level are urgently needed to address the most prominent nutrition and environmental sustainability issues we now face. Importantly, individuals report that saving money is the most salient motivator for reducing food waste, yet contemporary evidence on the consumer cost of wasted food is lacking. The objectives of this study are to estimate the daily per capita cost of food wasted, inedible, and consumed at home, away from home, and by food group.Methods: This study utilizes cross-sectional, nationally representative data on food intake from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2016), linked with nationally representative data on food waste from published literature, as well as data on food prices and food price inflation from multiple publicly available sources. Survey-weighted procedures estimated daily per capita expenditure on food waste for 39,758 adults aged ≥20 y.Results: Total daily per capita food expenditure was $13.55, representing 14% inedible, 27% wasted, and 59% consumed. The greatest daily food waste expenditures were observed for meat and seafood purchased for consumption outside of the home ($1.01, 95% CI: $0.96-1.06), and fruits and vegetables purchased for consumption in the home ($0.68, $0.64-0.73).Conclusions: The most cost-effective ways to reduce food waste at the consumer level are to focus waste reduction efforts on meat and seafood purchased for consumption outside of the home and fruits and vegetables purchased for consumption in the home. Combined with behavioral interventions, reducing consumer food waste can increase food budgets, providing greater financial flexibility to choose healthy foods.Funding Sources: None

P03-003-20 Diet Quality and Environmental Sustainability Are Linked, But in Unexpected Ways 1340757 Zach Conrad William & Mary Nicole Blackstone Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Eric Roy Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources and Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont Diet Quality and Environmental Sustainability Are Linked, But in Unexpected Ways Climate/Environment, Agriculture and Food Supply Objectives: Studies linking diet quality with environmental impacts in the US have generally not accounted for the additional burden associated with retail losses, inedible portions, and consumer waste. Moreover, there is a need to assess the environmental impacts of shifts in diet quality using data collected directly from individuals, rather than assessing the impacts of nutritionally perfect theoretical diets. This study fills these important research gaps by assessing the relationship between observed diet quality among a nationally-representative sample and the amount of agricultural resources used to produce food.Methods: Dietary data from 50,014 individuals ≥2 y were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2016), and diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) and Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI). Food retail losses, inedible portions, and consumer waste were estimated by linking data from the USDA Loss-adjusted Food Availability data series with dietary data from NHANES. These data were input into the US Foodprint Model, which was modified to estimate the amount of agricultural resources needed to meet food demand.Results: Daily per capita food demand represented nearly four pounds (1,673 grams) of food, including 7% retail loss, 15% inedible, 24% consumer waste, and 54% consumption. Higher diet quality (HEI and AHEI) was associated with greater retail loss, inedible portions, consumer waste, and consumption (PConclusions: Among a nationally-representative sample of over 50 thousand Americans, higher diet quality was associated with greater food retail loss, inedible portions, consumer waste, and consumption. Higher diet quality was also associated with lower use of some agricultural resources (land and fertilizers), but greater use of others (irrigation water and pesticides). By combining robust measures of diet quality with an advanced food system modeling framework, this study reveals that the link between diet quality and environmental sustainability is more nuanced than previously understood.Funding Sources: None

P03-004-20 Food Insecurity in the Post-Disaster Harvey Setting 1340699 Kevin Fitzpatrick University of Arkansas Matthew Spialek University of Arkansas Don Willis University of Arkansas Little Rock Jessica Paschal University of Arkansas Emily English University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Food Insecurity in the Post-Disaster Harvey Setting Climate/Environment, Agriculture and Food Supply Objectives: The paper examines the interrelationship among risks, resources, and food insecurity among a post-disaster sample of Hurricane Harvey survivors. Specific hypotheses are tested proposing positive relationships between risk and food insecurity and negative relationships between social and psychological resources and their relationship with food insecurity.Methods: Random and representative samples were collected among survivors living on the Texas Gulf Coast. Efforts were made to sample and interview survivors in both different cities as well as those experiencing different evacuation circumstances. Both face-to-face interviews and online interviews were used to collect data from 316 survivors. The sample was obtained using quota groupings based on sociodemographic composition and residential location.Results: Both correlation and regression results show support for the general risk and resource hypotheses. Sociodemographic findings show that younger, renters, poorer educated survivors without access to their own transportation reported higher levels of food insecurity in the weeks and months following Hurricane Harvey making landfall in August 2017. Additionally, risks for higher levels of food insecurity were found among persons with higher depressive symptomatology, with higher levels of previous disaster exposure, and reporting a greater concern for climate change. Both strength of social ties and mastery of fate were negatively related to food insecurity, supporting the general resource hypothesis that a greater presence of either social or psychological resources could potentially lower food insecurity among post-disaster survivors.Conclusions: Our findings lend support to a risk and resources model that has already been applied to food insecurity research in other populations. Its applicability to the resource limited post-disaster setting is important and provides evidence for addressing directly the immediate mental and physical health needs of the population, in addition to the service provider and infrastructural need. Like earlier work, our findings suggest an uneven recovery experience that is likely both dependent on who you are and where you live.Funding Sources: National Science Foundation

P03-005-20 Food-Based Dietary Guidelines Make Seafood a Priority, Sustainability an Afterthought 1341162 Elizabeth Graham Johns Hopkins University Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Dave Love Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future Elizabeth Nussbaumer Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Martin Bloem Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future Jillian Fry Towson University Monica Pasqualino Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Jessica Fanzo Berman Institute of Bioethics, Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Food-Based Dietary Guidelines Make Seafood a Priority, Sustainability an Afterthought Climate/Environment, Agriculture and Food Supply Objectives: National food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are adapted by governments reflecting their nation’s food system and specific nutrition context, with varied approaches by country. Seafood is commonly included as one of many items in a “meat” or “animal-source” food group. It is currently unclear whether FBDG recommendations for seafood are achievable for the food supply, equitable for people, or sustainable for the planet. We seek to (1) Review the specific recommendations of national FBDGs related to seafood intake, quantifying the amount of seafood recommended for adults (2) Document the rationale for seafood consumption and mentions of sustainability (3) Estimate the supply required to meet recommendations and compare it with national fish production for each country.Methods: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) FBDG database was used to identify 92 countries with officially recognized FBDGs. Extracted data include (1) Recommended consumption of seafood (amounts, standard portion size, frequency of consumption and species/type) and (2) Mentions of sustainability. To calculate the fish supply needed to fulfill recommendations, conversions from cooked portions to raw (grams) seafood weights were used. These converted figures were then compared against that from FAO FishStat and the Sea Around Us database, and gaps/surpluses by country were identified. Mentions of sustainability were evaluated in terms of specific mention of fish vs. more generic recommendations.Results: Out of 92 FBDGs, 77 mentioned seafood. Out of 40 high-income country’s FBDG, 35 countries have a seafood servings per week recommendation, but only 23 provide serving size recommendations. Final presented results will illustrate the differences in the supply of seafood needed to meet recommended consumption levels. Sustainability was mentioned in eight guidelines independently of seafood and five additional mentioned seafood and sustainability together. Implications for sustainability of seafood production and global trade and nutritional status of populations will be discussed.Conclusions: Seafood is systematically noted for healthy diets but rarely based on sustainable limits nor linked to sustainable goals.Funding Sources: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Distinguished Professor Fund, Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future

P03-007-20 Evaluating Indirect Impacts of Climate Change on Fishing and Farm Productivity Using the Indonesian Family Life Survey: An Example Exploring Natural Disasters and Migration 1340229 Breanne Langlois Tufts University Ryan Simpson Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Oyedolapo Anyanwu Tufts University Elizabeth Marsh Tufts University Salima Taylor Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Elena Naumova Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Evaluating Indirect Impacts of Climate Change on Fishing and Farm Productivity Using the Indonesian Family Life Survey: An Example Exploring Natural Disasters and Migration Climate/Environment, Agriculture and Food Supply Objectives: Destruction of agricultural lands and fisheries due to climate-related disasters has implications for food production and food security in Indonesia. We examine how natural disasters affect the economic productivity of fishing and farming households in Indonesia by exploring whether flooding and landslide disasters trigger differing migratory behaviors by the type of farming/fishery operation.Methods: We assessed farming and fishing households in the 5th Wave of the IFLS survey (2014/2015) adjusting for household survey weighting. Farming and fishing households are described by the presence or absence of migration since the previous IFLS survey (IFLS4: 2007/2008). Next, we further evaluated households by the type of disaster experienced (flooding or landslides) and other characteristics (region, urban/rural, type of operation). Logistic regression models were used to explain the likelihood of migration, assessing effect modification between the type of disaster (flooding or landslide) and type of farm business to better understand their joint influence on migration.Results: Since IFLS4, approximately 33% of farming households migrated and predominantly moved within the same village or sub-district. Flooding and landslides impacted 8% of households and rice was the most common farm business type (45%). A higher percentage of fishing households were affected by flooding or landslides compared to non-fishing households (23% and 7%, respectively). There were lower odds of migration among rice (OR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.63,0.89]), corn (0.67 [0.48,0.93]), cassava (0.49 [0.34,0.71]), coffee (0.44 [0.28,0.68]), and cattle (0.49 [0.34,0.70]) farming operations. Migration likelihood was not significantly affected by the joint effect of disaster type and operation type.Conclusions: Understanding how climate change is impacting agricultural lands and fisheries must coincide with responsive efforts to encourage food production and ensure food security in Indonesia. Our results suggest that farming households may be adapting rather than migrating in response to flooding or landslide disasters. The IFLS provides a tool for examining response efforts of farm and fishing businesses in relation to natural disasters.Funding Sources: NSF IRES US-Indonesian Research Experience #1826939

P03-009-20 Association Between Diet Quality and Food Waste in South Florida 1340093 Vanessa Mijares Florida International University Jair Alcivar Florida International University Cristina Palacios Florida International University Association Between Diet Quality and Food Waste in South Florida Climate/Environment, Agriculture and Food Supply Objectives: In 2015, the USDA/EPA set a goal of reducing food waste in 50% by 2030. This goal will not only lower U.S. methane gas emissions but also redirect food to millions of food insecure Americans. Little is known on food waste and its association with diet quality. Therefore, our objective was to explore the associations between diet quality and food waste.Methods: This was a cross sectional study among adults ³18 years in south Florida who are the primary household food provider conducting a primary shopping event for the week. Participants were recruited outside of local grocery stores and asked to fill out a quick food waste survey. Pictures of the participants’ grocery receipts were taken to analyze diet quality using the Grocery Purchase Quality Index 2016 (GPQI-2016). The GPQI-2016 is based on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)– 2010 and has 11 different components (each with a maximum score of 5 or 10) for a total score of 75. Correlations were used to determine the associations between diet quality and amount of food waste (Pearson) or reasons for food waste (Point-biserial).Results: A total of 109 participants were recruited but 103 had complete data. Mean age was 44.6±13.6 years, most were females (74%) and Hispanics (79%). Most usually grocery shop in a main event and then go back for smaller items (44%) once (36%) or twice (28%) a week. Mean diet quality score was 40.9±9.64 out of 75 points and mean amount of food waste was 17.7±19.9 handfuls. Most reported throwing away food mainly because it went bad (90%) or it was past it’s due date (80%). Handfuls of bread/rice waste were significantly inversely correlated with diet quality (r=-2.60; p=0.013). Also, we found a significant inverse correlation between diet quality and food thrown away because it had gone past it’s use by date (r= -.196; p=0.049). Conclusions: A lower diet quality score was related to higher amount of bread/rice wasted and with throwing away foods that has past it’s use date. These results could justify directing reducing food waste efforts in the community by educating individuals on purchasing frozen products or on proper storage to prolong shelf life, as well as on understanding the different dates placed on products by manufacturers.Funding Sources: Internal funds from Florida International University.

P03-010-20 Managing Education for Food And Health Security: The Experience of EhimeMbano and Isiala Mbano Local Government Areas of Imo State Nigeria 1339829 Joyce Oguh Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Imo State, Nigeria Managing Education for Food And Health Security: The Experience of EhimeMbano and Isiala Mbano Local Government Areas of Imo State Nigeria Climate/Environment, Agriculture and Food Supply Objectives: The study evaluated the managing Education for Food And Health Security in Ehime and Isiala Mbano Local Government Areas of Imo State Nigeria.Methods: Data for the study was obtained from a sample of 240 respondents, 120 from each of the Local Government Areas. Frequency counts and percentages was used in analyzing the research questions raised. The Chi- square was also used to analyze the null hypothesis generated at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The study reveals that there is no significant difference between the production of food and the level of the farmers education in the local Government Areas. The implication of the finding is that, the quality of food is proportional to the level of education of the producer and there Is also no significant difference between food and health security and the management of education in the two local Government Areas. Despite the climatic condition of the areas that favours health and food production, food and health insecurity remains a major obstacle faced by most dwellers in these areas. Further more, the study reveals obstacles towards food and health security in the areas to include; poor management of education, low level of people's education on food production and common health on food production and common health safety measures, low Government commitment to issues concerning health and food security etc.Conclusions: To ensure a secured food and health society, the researcher observed that there Is need to strategize the Management of education to incorporate awareness on the modern methods of food production, nutrition education, education management, general health preventive measures, motivating farmers to form cooperative societies.Funding Sources: Tertiary Education Trust Fund, Nigeria

P03-011-20 The Water Scarcity Footprint of the US Diet 1341534 Diego Rose Tulane University Martin Heller University of Michigan Amelia Willits-Smith Tulane University The Water Scarcity Footprint of the US Diet Climate/Environment, Agriculture and Food Supply Objectives: Agriculture accounts for 80% of global freshwater consumption, so addressing the water demands of current diets is crucial. Unlike carbon footprints, the impacts of water use are local and dependent on relative water scarcity. New metrics have been developed to assess the amount of water used to produce a product, conditional on its scarcity at the source of production. But little is known about the implications for water scarcity of individual diet choices in the US. Here, we apply this water scarcity metric to individual US diets and assess key contributors to the footprint.Methods: Our analysis was based on a global database of watershed-level, geo-spatially explicit irrigation water demand for 160 crops. We used the Available Water Remaining (AWARE) method, applied at the same geo-spatial resolution to establish local water scarcity footprints (WSF) of each crop. These WSFs were aggregated to the national level and adjusted for commodity imports using WSFs from source countries. WSFs of animal-based foods relied on generic U.S. feed rations. Crops were assigned to foods in the Food Commodities Intake Database (FCID), and recipes from FCID enabled linkage to as-consumed foods in the 1-day dietary recall data from individuals (N=16,800) in the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Results: Animal protein foods account for 33% of the WSF of the average US diet, whereas vegetable protein foods account for 12%, most of that coming from nuts (11%). The contribution of beef (14%) was about 3 times that of chicken (5%). Within vegetable protein foods, almonds (5%), walnuts (3%), and cashews (2%) contributed much more to the WSF than dry beans (1%). Fruit (16%), dairy (9%), and vegetables (9%) were also large contributors to the average WSF. Diets ranked in the top quintile of WSFs account for 43% of the overall footprint, 5.4 times that from the lowest quintile.Conclusions: Progress toward sustainable diets should consider the impact of dietary choices on scarcity-characterized water footprints. Major contributors to the WSF of the US diet include meat, fruit, nuts, dairy, and vegetables. Substantial variation of the WSF intensity of individual commodities within these food groups suggests that dietary changes could be made to reduce the impact of agriculture on the use of scarce water.Funding Sources: Wellcome Trust #106854/Z/15/Z.

P03-013-20 Environmental Impact and Nutrient Quality Assessment of the Current Diet in Surabaya, Indonesia 1341684 Angela Shields Harvard University Naglaa El-Abbadi Tufts University Gary Adamkiewicz Harvard University Environmental Impact and Nutrient Quality Assessment of the Current Diet in Surabaya, Indonesia Climate/Environment, Agriculture and Food Supply Objectives: As developing nations’ income continue to rise, individuals have greater access to high caloric foods leading to increases in obesity and associated chronic diseases. Indonesia is one of several countries facing this dietary shift, exhibiting one of the highest prevalence rates of overweight/obesity in Southeast Asia. The current diet, mainly driven by increased meat and fish intake, is also associated with increases in environmental impact. Behavior change is necessary in order to shift diets toward more healthy and sustainable consumption. In this report, we analyzed the environmental impact and nutrition quality of the current diet in Surabaya, Indonesia.Methods: We administered a 24-hour dietary recall and supplemental questionnaire assessing preferred diet, food access, diet knowledge, and climate change opinions to 100 participants in Surabaya, Indonesia. We created correlates between the 175 commonly consumed foods reported in the dietary recalls and the 2007-08 National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES). The correlates were analyzed using the Nutrient Rich Foods index (NRF) 9.3 and an aggregate environmental score (EIS) made up of 4 life cycle assessment (LCA) indicators including land and water use, greenhouse gas emissions, and eutrophication.Results: Tofu and tempeh were the only foods that scored above the median in both nutrient quality and environmental impact, indicating a high NRF9.3 and low EIS. Fish and chicken scored above the median in nutrient quality but below the 25th percentile in environmental impact, while eggs scored below the median in both categories. Rice, the most consumed food, scored below the 25th percentile in nutrient quality but above the median in environmental impact. Beef consumption is low compared to other sources of protein. Fruit intake is low compared to other food groups while vegetable consumption is moderately high, with both lying above the 75th percentile in both categories.Conclusions: The results highlight that tofu and tempeh may confer the largest benefits in terms of health and environment. Though chicken and fish exhibit high nutrient quality, increased consumption in place of tofu and tempeh may lead to worsened environmental impacts.Funding Sources: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Rose Service Learning Fellowship Grant

P03-014-20 Properties of the ETEE Compostable Plastic Wrap Substitute 1341493 John Sterrett East Tennessee State University Ronnie Vogt East Tennessee State University Hannah Collie East Tennessee State University W Andrew Clark East Tennessee State University Properties of the ETEE Compostable Plastic Wrap Substitute Climate/Environment, Agriculture and Food Supply Objectives: As environmental concerns have risen, the demand for eco-friendly materials has increased as well. One such material is the ETEE wrap, a compostable plastic wrap substitute made from muslin cloth coated in tree resin and beeswax. This project determined if ETEEs compost in backyard-style compost pits, if detergent choice affects ETEE lifespan, and if temperature alters the rate of wax transfer from ETEEs to the product on which the ETEEs are placed. Methods: ETEEs were produced with a coating containing UV dye fluorescent at 365 nm to measure wax loss. To test compostability, 2-inch squares were composted in 1.5 yd3 active compost, and samples were pulled weekly to be rinsed, weighed, and photographed under normal and UV light. ETEEs were washed methodically in standardized solutions of Dawn, EcoMax, or ETEE brand soap in equal amounts of cold water. Transfer of wax onto Styrofoam at 0, 23, and 40°C was analyzed. Transfer and washing ETEEs were analyzed by mass and photograph under normal and UV light.Results: Full composting degradation was seen by 15 weeks, and changes in UV fluorescence color were evident as the beeswax broke down, suggesting the presence of bacteria for degradation. Marginal qualitative differences were observed between the different detergents, with the ETEE brand soap seeming the least harsh. Quantitatively (by mass), these observations were not statistically significant (F2,24=0.35, p > 0.05), which could be related to a small sample size. Photography under UV light showed more wax transfer from the ETEEs at 23°C than at 40 or 0°C.Conclusions: ETEE wraps do compost in a backyard-style compost pit, and they may respond differently to various soaps and temperatures. This research supports the ETEE company pursuing compostability certification for their products. Funding Sources: ETSU (CCRHS Undergraduate Research Fund), ETEE (Toronto, ON)

P04-001-20 An Exploratory Study of Differences in Nutrition vs. Non-Nutrition College Students' Attitudes Towards Dietary Protein 1340277 Parker Ackerman Texas Woman's University Cynthia Warren Texas Woman's University Derek Miketinas Texas Woman's University An Exploratory Study of Differences in Nutrition vs. Non-Nutrition College Students' Attitudes Towards Dietary Protein Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore differences among nutrition and non-nutrition college students’ attitudes towards dietary protein consumption using the Dietary Protein Assessment Questionnaire (DPAQ). Preliminary evidence of the DPAQ demonstrated construct validity and internal consistency. Three factors were retained; factor 1 related to animal versus plant protein sources and their relationship with human and environmental health, factor 2 related to the health of organic protein sources, and factor 3 related to the adequacy of the protein RDA for weight loss and vegetarian diets.Methods: The mean attitude factor scores (factor 1, 2, and 3) were calculated for nutrition and non-nutrition students. The attitude questions included a 5-point Likert scale ranging from “strongly agree ” to “strongly disagree.” The questionnaire responses were then compared between nutrition and non-nutrition college students using the Mann-Whitney U Test. A p-value of Results: Scores differed significantly between nutrition and non-nutrition students for factor 2 (n = 57, median = 5, IQR = 4-6 vs. n = 53, median = 4, IQR = 3-6). There were no significant differences in attitude scores between groups for factor 1 or factor 3. Conclusions: Nutrition students reported more positive attitudes towards conventional protein sources. Nutrition students were more likely to disagree that organic protein sources were healthier than conventional protein sources. Further testing is needed to increase generalizability of these results in order to create effective educational interventions for college students.Funding Sources: None

P04-002-20 Strengths and Barriers in Achieving “Green Status” of Breastfeeding; The Story of Frontline Health Care Workers in Sri Lanka 1341362 Iresha Koralagedara Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Neerodha Dharmasoma Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Thushari Dissanayaka Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Janith Warnasekara Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Thilini Agampodi Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Rafael Pérez-Escamilla Yale School of Public Health Suneth Agampodi Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Strengths and Barriers in Achieving “Green Status” of Breastfeeding; The Story of Frontline Health Care Workers in Sri Lanka Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The achievements in breastfeeding in Sri Lanka are due to multiple factors and the work of frontline health care workers: public health midwives (PHMs) was crucial. Objective of this study is to explore the strengths and constraints of PHMs in optimizing breastfeeding practices in the Sri Lankan community.Methods: We conducted a series of focus group discussions with PHMs in three different areas in Anuradhapura district Sri Lanka. Transcribed data were analyzed thematically to identify the types of strengths and constraints.Results: Thirty six PHMs participated in the focus groups conducted. The well-established public health system that introduces and reinforce knowledge and skills on breastfeeding assured that mothers will adhere to the current recommendations on EBF. PHMs agreed on the support given by the hospital labor room, theatres and Lactation Management Center on early initiation and EBF. However, emphasis on attachment to breast rather than discharging a newborn on cup feeding was mentioned. PHMs devotion on establishing proper breastfeeding during the early postpartum home visits, the respect and acceptance of PHM by the mother and the community and the knowledge and skills they possess on breastfeeding counseling were highlighted. Irrational prescription of formula by medical practitioners, negative verbal comments by in-laws and unfavorable attitudes of mothers of high social class were seen as social obstacles to promote EBF. The PHMs seem to work with many barriers which could compromise care provision for mothers and children. Inability to attend for the home visit early due to scheduled work, the increased time needed to spent to counsel mothers and subsequent restriction of the daily duties, high population density and having to cover the vacant areas through out, excessive documentation work were problems needed to be addressed with regard to service enhancement.Conclusions: The PHMs role is inevitable and Sri Lanka needs to enhance and facilitate service provision of grass root level health workers to optimize promotion, protection and support for EBF.Funding Sources: No funding source

P04-005-20 Association Between Health Perception and Diet Quality in a Sample of Hispanics 1340828 Cristina Palacios Florida International University Jair Alcivar Florida International University Vanessa Mijares Florida International University Association Between Health Perception and Diet Quality in a Sample of Hispanics Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate how health perception is associated with diet quality among Hispanics living in South Florida.Methods: The research design was a cross-sectional study with a total of 109 people recruited at the end of their grocery event in local supermarkets around the Miami-Dade County area. They were asked to complete a questionnaire and to provide a picture of their grocery receipt. We included only adults ≥18 years and the primary food provider of the household conducting a primary shopping event for the week. Health perception was assessed from a question used in NHANES (Would you say your health in general is...with the following options ‘Excellent’, ‘Very Good’, ‘Good’, ‘Fair’ and ‘Poor’). Diet quality was evaluated using the Grocery Purchase Quality Index 2016 (GPQI-2016) from the grocery receipt. The GPQI-2016 is based on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)– 2010 and has a total of 31 categories, 29 of those coming from the USDA Food Plan Market Baskets and 2 added by the authors of the GPQI-2016. These are mapped into 11 different components, which are re-grouped into ‘Adequacy’ and ‘Moderation’. Each component can have a maximum score of 5 or 10 with a total maximum score of 75 when all 11 components scores are added up. An analysis of covariance was used to compare GPQI-2016 by health perception which was categorized into three groups: Excellent/Very Good, Good, and Fair/Poor, adjusting for age and gender.Results: The mean age of individuals was 45.1±13.5 years, 74% were female, 77% were Hispanics, and 36.7% perceived themselves as having ‘Good’ health. The total average GPQI-2016 score was 40.9±1.0, which is below the maximum score of 75 by almost 50%. Green and Beans Scores were lower among those with ‘Good’ perceived health and higher amongst those with ‘Fair/Poor’ perceived health (PConclusions: The diet quality score could be considered somewhat poor or regular. Only the Greens and Beans score differed by groups, with a higher score amongst those with ‘Fair/Poor’ perceived health group. Because health perception is subjective, other objective markers of health may be needed to detect differences in diet quality by health status.Funding Sources: No funding source was acquired for this study.

P04-006-20 A Community-Based Intervention Reduces Diabetes Risk in a Low-Income Community 1341187 Jeneen Ali Wayne State University Shavonnea Brown Gleaners Community Food Bank of Southeastern Michigan Arlene Guindon National Kidney Foundation of Michigan Sarah Mills Gleaners Community Food Bank of Southeastern Michigan Alyssa Beavers Wayne State University Samuel Shopinski National Kidney Foundation of Michigan Diane Cress Wayne State University A Community-Based Intervention Reduces Diabetes Risk in a Low-Income Community Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Promote diabetes prevention in low-income communities by offering Cooking MattersTM (CM) in coordination with the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). Reducing food insecurity is necessary for reducing chronic disease rates. DPP is a validated and effective intervention for reducing progression to Type II diabetes, but significant outcome disparities occur in low-income communities. Our research aims to address these outcome disparities. This study is a partnership between Gleaners Community Food Bank (GCFB), National Kidney Foundation of Michigan (NKFM), and Wayne State University. DPP, administered by NKFM, is a community-based intervention that significantly reduces diabetes risk. CM, locally administered through GCFB, is also an effective community program that teaches food skills, and provides food provisions. We hypothesize that combining DPP and CM in a low-income setting will improve program completion, and effectively reduce risk for progressing to Type 2 diabetes.Methods: Over 12 months, low-income individuals participated in the combined DPP/CM study. Demographics were collected at the onset of the study. Survey information was collected for diet and physical activity at four time-points throughout the study. Body weight was collected at every session, and HbA1C was collected at the onset and conclusion of the program.Results: Combining DPP and CM resulted in a 79% program completion rate. Mean HbA1C dropped 10.6% (paired t-test, p75% of participants exceeded the 5% DPP weight loss outcome objective at 12 months.Conclusions: Cooking Matters TM coupled with the Diabetes Prevention Program is an effective strategy to improve outcomes and reduce diabetes risk in low-income communities. Food bank resources can be coupled with existing chronic illness prevention programs to improve both disease risk and food security.Funding Sources: Gleaners Community Food Bank and National Kidney Foundation of Michigan provided funding for this study.

P04-007-20 Food Feeding and Your Family: Participant Perspectives on the Integration of Parent Feeding Behaviors Content in EFNEP Lessons 1340451 M. Catalina Aragon Washington State University Extension Susan Baker Colorado State University Garry Auld Colorado State University Karen Barale Washington State University Theresa Berger Colorado State University Karina Silva Garcia Washington State University Jane Lanigan Washington State University Nilda Micheli Baylor College of Medicine Louise Parker Washington State University Thomas Power Washington State University Sheryl Hughes Baylor College of Medicine Food Feeding and Your Family: Participant Perspectives on the Integration of Parent Feeding Behaviors Content in EFNEP Lessons Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Determine participant’s 1. perspectives on parent feeding behavior content; and 2. self-reported behavior changes.Methods: Food Feeding and Your Family (FFYF) randomized control trial with 3 arms, each with English and Spanish classes for parents with children 2-8 years old: Control, In-class, Online. Participants of the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) received 9 lessons using the Eating Smart • Being Active curriculum. In-class participants watched videos (adapted from previous work) and participated in educator led activities on parent feeding behaviors. Between lessons, Online participants received texts with links to 7 videos and activities but no in-class content. Quantitative evaluations occurred at Pre, Post, 6 and 12 months post.Telephone focus groups (FG) with participants after 12 month evaluation; 2 FG per cell (English/Spanish) x (Online/In class).Results: Participants (P) (540 enrolled in FFYF; 38 in FG) found the videos, activities, and handouts to be informative and useful. Many reported doing the activities with their children and retained handouts for review. A few English P liked the information but thought the videos were boring/childish or were less appropriate for older children.Multiple P in each FG reported behavior changes tied to parent feeding behavior topics, particularly, modifying children’s portions, using strategies when introducing new foods to child (letting them “play” with the food and/or help with preparation; exposing child to food numerous times), using tips for shopping with child (feeding him first; letting her help choose healthy items), and establishing mealtime routines.Conclusions: At 12 months post program, participants recalled multiple themes related to parent feeding behaviors and valued the information. They reported numerous behavior changes made and sustained as a result of program participation. Results suggest the addition of parent –child feeding information to EFNEP lessons would be well-received and effective.Funding Sources: This research is supported by funds from the United States Department of Agriculture (Grant USDA 2015-68001-23311). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the US government.

P04-008-20 Program and Caseload Implications of Adopting the Global MUAC Criteria for Community Management of Acute Malnutrition in Children Under 5 Years Old in Ethiopia 1340831 Yosef Asefaw Oklahoma State University Seifu Hagose AAU and Valid International Girmay Ayana Ethiopian Public Health Institute Solomon Hailu EPHI Tadess Kebebe EPHI Tadesse Mekonnen EPHI Tseday Moges EPHI Dawit Alemayehu Ethiopian Public Health Institute Bahewere Paluku Valid International Program and Caseload Implications of Adopting the Global MUAC Criteria for Community Management of Acute Malnutrition in Children Under 5 Years Old in Ethiopia Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Ethiopia has been hesitant to shift to the global MUAC-based definitions for acute malnutrition given the two to four times potential increase in caseload suggested by several cross-sectional surveys. Thus, the objective of this study was to provide specific evidence on the caseload implications for Ethiopia of aligning with the WHO recommended criteria.Methods: A cluster-randomized control study was conducted in four districts of Amhara and Oromia regions of Ethiopia in a total of 36 health posts (HPs). Districts and HPs were selected based on previous high case report. In each district, an equal numbers of HPs were randomly assigned to use either the global MUAC criteria of Results: A total of 349 SAM and 986 MAM new cases were admitted during the 16 wk recruitment. Of the new SAM cases, 225 were in intervention and 124 were in control HPs. The ratio of SAM in intervention compared to control HPs was 1.78 (1.14-2.42, 95%CI), which indicates an increase in admissions of 78% (p=0.019). The mean (±SD) monthly SAM admissions per HPs were 1.71 (0.53) in control and 2.97 (3.31) in intervention (p=0.191). For MAM, 592 cases were in intervention and 394 were in control for a ratio of 1.50 (1.11-1.89). The global MUAC criteria increased caseload by 50% (p=0.015) compared to control. The mean monthly new MAM admissions per HPs were 5.47 (4.02) in control and 8.22 (3.28) in intervention (p=0.045). The mean number of children served during biweekly combined sessions for SAM and MAM was 19.67 (9.28) in intervention and 13.08 (8.28) in control (p=0.026). For sessions restricted to SAM, a mean of 4.26 (4.11) was served in intervention and 1.92 (1.88) in control (p=0.028).Conclusions: The increases in cases and workload resulting from shifting from Ethiopia’s current national SAM and MAM admission and discharge criteria to the WHO criteria are likely to be on a smaller scale than is usually claimed based on various cross-sectional surveys. Most HPs were not overwhelmed due to the shift.Funding Sources: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

P04-009-20 Awareness, Availability, and Usage of Probiotic Foods by Local Food Pantry Participants 1341413 Aysegul Baltaci University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Marcia Miller-Rodeberg University of Wisconsin-Stout Awareness, Availability, and Usage of Probiotic Foods by Local Food Pantry Participants Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The purpose of this research is two-fold: first, we have surveyed food pantry participants to assess their knowledge and selection of probiotic-containing foods; and second, we have evaluated and compared the availability and viability of probiotic cultures in the cheese and yogurts available at a local food pantry, in a retail market, and in fresh, homemade food products. Methods: This study examined the availability, awareness, and usage of probiotic-containing food by food pantry participants. The study consisted of two parts. The first part examined the awareness and usage of probiotic foods by the food pantry participants that were evaluated by a validated survey. The survey was conducted with participants from four different food pantries in Wisconsin in September-October 2017. Survey data were analyzed by using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 24.0, 2016, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Pearson Chi-Squared analyses were used to examine the awareness and usage of probiotics by the participants. The second part analyzed the viability of probiotic bacteria in various kinds of yogurt and cheese available in a local food pantry as well as store-bought, high-quality cheese and yogurt, and homemade yogurt in the laboratory. Lactobacillus app. in the cheese and yogurt samples were isolated by MRS agar. The special formula was used to calculate the number of Lactobacillus app. in the samples.Results: The results show 82.9% of survey participants (n=205) reported that they heard the word probiotics, but only 44% of those are knowledgeable on probiotics. Importantly, knowledge of probiotics correlates to increased consumption of yogurt but not pickles and cheese. Lactobacillus viability did not vary significantly between expensive and cheap yogurt brands but was absent in processed yogurt and cheese.Conclusions: Probiotics could be found in the food pantries but only in a limited quantity and frequency. Thus, nutrition education and interventions are needed to educate the food pantry directors on the importance of probiotic foods, especially dairy products. Also, there is a need to educate food pantry participants about probiotics.Funding Sources: Student Research Grant; Research Services, University of Wisconsin-Stout

P04-010-20 Are Young US Adults Meeting the National Academy of Medicine Recommendations for Adequate Water Intakes? Analyses of NHANES 2011-16 Data 1340092 Pamela Barrios PepsiCo Florent Vieux MS-Nutrition Matthieu Maillot MS-Nutrition Colin Rehm PepsiCo Adam Drewnowski University of Washington Are Young US Adults Meeting the National Academy of Medicine Recommendations for Adequate Water Intakes? Analyses of NHANES 2011-16 Data Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Young US adults consume inadequate amounts of recommended food groups, including fruit, vegetables, and whole grains but little is known about their fluid consumption. The present study aimed to evaluate if this population is meeting the recommendations for adequate fluid intake issued by National Academy of Medicine (NAM).Methods: Beverage consumption data for 2,160 adults aged 18-24y came from two 24h dietary recalls in the three most recent cycles of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-16). Water intakes (in mL/d) from drinking water, other beverages and moisture from foods were analyzed in relation to the current NAM Adequate Intake (AI) thresholds (3700 mL/d for males and 2700 mL/d for females). The proportion of young adults adhering to the AIs for total water intake was assessed using the National Cancer Institute method for estimating usual intake distributions. Additional analyses examined adherence by gender, income-to-poverty ratio and race/ethnicity.Results: Mean water intakes were 2713 mL/d (3003 mL/d for men and 2382 mL/d for women). Of total water, 1191 mL/d (44%) came from drinking water, tap and bottled; 947 mL/d (35%) from non-water beverages; and 575 mL/d (21%) from foods. Only 35.3% of young adults met the AI recommendations. Female young adults were significantly more likely to meet the recommendations than males (37.8% vs. 29.6%; p=0.04). Compared to the other race/ethnicity groups, non-Hispanic white young adults were most likely to meet recommendations (41.5%). Compared to non-Hispanic white young adults, non-Hispanic black young adults were least likely (18.7%, pConclusions: Less than half of all young adults and only 18.7% of non-Hispanic Black young adults met the AI recommendations for water. Understanding the reasons for the high proportion of young adults failing to meet recommendations should be the subject of future research. Given the impact of habitual fluid intake on health outcomes, adequate hydration among young adults remains a cause for concern.Funding Sources: Data analyses were sponsored by PepsiCo Inc.

P04-011-20 A Preliminary Comparison of High School Nutrition Curricula Used in the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program 1340964 Graham Bastian Rutgers University Het Desai-Shah Rutgers University Debra Palmer-Keenan Rutgers University A Preliminary Comparison of High School Nutrition Curricula Used in the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To determine which curricula are being used with high schoolers participating in the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) and their impacts.Methods: EFNEP Coordinators from each program were asked if their program targeted high schoolers, and if so, which curricula they were using. Fiscal year 2018 EFNEP national high school survey data were then aggregated by program from those that exclusively used 1 of the 3 most popular curricula and analyzed using SAS 9.4.Results: Of the 63 EFNEP programs (N=75) that responded, 29 programs (46%) did not, or rarely, worked with high schoolers. Of those that did work with these teens (n=34), 19 (56%) reported exclusively using 1 of 3 curricula: Eating Smart • Being Active (ESBA, n=8); Families Eating Smart, Moving More (FESMM, n=3); or Teen Cuisine (TC, n=8). Notably, 2 of these curricula (ESBA and FESMM) were created for use with adults. Evaluation data was analyzed for 2,098 participants in 9th-12th grade (ESBA n=1,232, FESMM n=236, and TC n=630). Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests showed significant improvements in 13 nutrition, physical activity, and food safety behaviors for ESBA and TC pre-to-posttest, and improvements in 7 of those behaviors for FESMM (all pConclusions: There is a dearth of evidence-based high school nutrition education curricula for use with low-income teens. TC and ESBA both show promise for this purpose; however, since these curricula require 1+ hours for implementation, additional curricula that can be used with shorter classes may need to be developed and evaluated. Also, additional testing is needed using more robust evaluation tools.Funding Sources: None

P04-013-20 Food Insecurity is Associated with Autonomic Dysfunction Among Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes 1341909 Angela Bermúdez-Millán UConn Health Kagnica Seng Central Connecticut State University Richard Feinn Quinnipiac University Rafael Pérez-Escamilla Yale School of Public Health Sofia Segura-Pérez Hispanic Health Council Julie Wagner UConn Health Food Insecurity is Associated with Autonomic Dysfunction Among Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Food insecurity (FI) is higher among Latinos than non-Hispanic Whites and associated with risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction increases mortality in diabetes. We examined FI and ANS function among Latinos with T2D.Methods: Participants were drawn from the CALMS-D (Community Health Workers Assisting Latinos Manage Stress and Diabetes) stress management intervention trial. Inclusion: age 18 years, Latino or Hispanic, Spanish speaking, ambulatory status, T2D 6 months, A1c >7.0%. Exclusion: medical or psychiatric instability; pain or dysfunction in hands precluding handgrip testing. Measures: FI was assessed with the 6-item US household food security survey module; affirmative responses to >=1 questions was coded as FI. Six autonomic measures were scored 0=normal or 1=abnormal based on published cutoffs and then summed for a total ANS dysfunction index. ANS measures and their normal cutoffs were: 1) metanephrine 15 mmHg; and, 6) difference between baseline supine and the minimal BP after standing up, normal = decline in SBP Results: N=35 participated, n=23 (65.7%) were women, age M=61.6 (SD=11.2) years, A1c M=8.5% (SD=1.6) and n=20 (57.1%) used insulin. N=22 (62.9%) reported FI and n=25 (71.4%) had at least one abnormal ANS measure. In t-tests, participants with FI had a higher ANS dysfunction index (M=1.5, SD=0.9) than patients who were food secure (M=0.7, SD=0.8), p=0.02). Total autonomic index was not related to A1c or insulin use.Conclusions: In this Latino sample with T2D, FI was associated with greater ANS dysfunction. Increasing food security may confer autonomic benefits.Funding Sources: Supported by National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities grant R01MD005879 and American Diabetes Association grant 7-13-TS-31

P04-015-20 Needs for a Healthy Eating Intervention for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Study 1340840 Acadia Buro University of South Florida Heewon Gray University of South Florida Needs for a Healthy Eating Intervention for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Study Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: This study aimed to better understand perceptions of healthy eating and a prospective nutrition intervention in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and parents of adolescents with ASD.Methods: Four focus groups (n=11) were conducted with adolescents with ASD aged 10-17, and nine interviews were conducted with parents of adolescents with ASD aged 10-17. Questions were semi-structured. Thematic and comparative analyses were conducted with ATLAS.ti 8 software.Results: Several themes emerged. Adolescents and parents expressed a need for “nutrition guidelines and education” and discussed the importance of having “social engagement,” “visual components,” and “teen-led initiatives” in a nutrition intervention. When defining a healthy diet, both parents and adolescents mentioned the concept of a "balanced diet," while parents also mentioned “clean foods.”Conclusions: Adolescents with ASD represent an appropriate target audience for a healthy eating intervention, and an intervention should include visual and social components and teen-led initiatives.Funding Sources: There was no funding source.

P04-016-20 Impact of Birth Control Use on Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Female College Students 1340318 Lilah Chase University of New Hampshire Jesse Morrell University of New Hampshire Impact of Birth Control Use on Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Female College Students Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Research suggests birth control (BC) use alters blood lipids in women. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in metabolic syndrome risk between birth control users vs. nonusers in a sample of female college students, 18-24 years old.Methods: Data were collected between 2005-18 from the College Health and Nutrition Assessment Survey, an ongoing, cross-sectional study conducted at a midsized, northeastern university. Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical measures were obtained in the fasted state and used to determine metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence. BC use was self-reported. Proportional differences between BC vs. non-BC users of MetS and individual MetS components were evaluated via chi-square tests.Results: Forty-five percent of the final sample (n=6456) reported using BC. MetS (≥3 MetS criteria) was present in 3.9% of students; 16.7% of students had ≥2 MetS criteria. BC users vs. nonusers were more likely to have at-risk triglyceride levels (22.4 vs. 11.0%, pConclusions: Our findings suggest BC use is common and impacts different MetS criteria in college females. College health providers and nutrition educators can utilize research findings to tailor information for female students at risk for MetS and chronic disease.Funding Sources: New Hampshire Agriculture Experiment Station and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project 1010738

P04-017-20 Weight Management Interventions for Adults with Overweight or Obesity: An Evidence Scoping Review 1339929 Feon Cheng Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Jessica Redmond Syracuse University Deepa Handu Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Weight Management Interventions for Adults with Overweight or Obesity: An Evidence Scoping Review Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To conduct an evidence scoping review to determine the need and scope for a systematic review (SR) and evidence-based practice guideline (EBPG). The main objectives were to identify and characterize studies examining weight management interventions provided by a registered dietitian nutritionist or international equivalent (RDN) among adults with overweight or obesity.Methods: An electronic literature search of six databases – MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PyscINFO (Ovid), Cochrane CENTRAL (Ovid), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Ovid), and CINAHL (Ebsco) – was conducted. All types of peer-reviewed articles, except for narrative review, grey literature, and case study/report, published between January 2008 and April 26, 2019 were eligible. Two content advisors guided the process and reviewed the search plan and findings.Results: The literature search resulted in 30,551 records: 29,756 were excluded during the first round of screening due to duplication or irrelevancy. Of the 811 full-text articles (including 16 articles identified through other sources) that were assessed, 139 met the criteria and were included. Studies were primarily based in the United States or Canada (43%) and 51% of them were conducted in the community setting. About 90% of the studies were clinical trials with varying intervention delivery modes, from face to face in an individual (42%) or group (37%) settings to telemedicine (21%). RDN(s) delivered the weight management intervention (especially the nutrition component) in all studies but some (61%) also involved an interdisciplinary team to deliver other components of the intervention. The average length of the intervention was about 9 months with a follow up that ranged from 0 to 9 years. The commonly reported outcomes were anthropometrics, endocrine and heart-related measures, nutrition intake, and physical activity.Conclusions: Based on the scoping review, there were SRs and EBPGs on weight management interventions but none of them met our inclusion or exclusion criteria. Thus, it would be beneficial to conduct a SR/EBPG on adult weight management interventions provided by an RDN to guide practitioners and to evaluate their effects on nutrition-related outcomes.Funding Sources: Weight Management Dietetic Practice Group, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

P04-020-20 The Relationship Between Household Food Insufficiency and Development of Type 2 Diabetes over 10 Years in a Sample of U.S. Black and White Adults 1341880 Cynthia Chow San Diego State University Joy Kim Cornell University Mercedes Carnethon Northwestern University Pamela Schreiner Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Lyn Steffen Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities April Carson University of Alabama at Birmingham Kiarri Kershaw Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Erica Gunderson Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Lindsay Pool Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Amanda McClain San Diego State University The Relationship Between Household Food Insufficiency and Development of Type 2 Diabetes over 10 Years in a Sample of U.S. Black and White Adults Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Household food insufficiency (HFI) is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but longitudinal studies are scarce. Our objectives were to test the relationship of 1) HFI during young-to-middle adulthood with risk of T2D 10 years (y) later; and 2) transient (1 time) or persistent (2 times) HFI with odds of T2D.Methods: We used data from 3672 black and white adults (32-49y) from Year 15, 20, and 25 follow-up exams of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study (2000-2011). Participants with missing HFI or T2D data, prevalent T2D at Year 15 (and Year 20 for objective 2), or reported pregnancy were excluded (n=720), for a total of n=2952. At each exam, a screener question captured HFI over the past 12 months. Participants reporting that the food they had to eat was not always what they wanted, sometimes not enough, or often not enough were categorized with HFI. Participants with enough of the kinds of food they wanted were categorized with household food sufficiency. T2D was defined as fasting serum glucose ≥126 mg/dL or hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%. Multivariable-adjusted repeated-measures and logistic regression models tested the relationships between HFI at Year 15 with risk of T2D at Year 25, and between transient or persistent HFI from Years 15 to 20 with odds of T2D at Year 25, respectively.Results: T2D prevalence was 4.7% at Year 20 and 9.7% at Year 25. At Year 15, 13.2% reported HFI, and 14.6% and 5.2% were categorized with transient or persistent HFI, respectively. Adjusted for age, sex, and race, HFI at Year 15 was associated with 36% higher risk of T2D by Year 25 (Risk Ratio (95% Confidence Interval (RR (95% CI)): 1.36 (1.02, 1.80); pConclusions: >Transient or persistent exposure to HFI in young-to-middle adulthood may be a risk factor for developing T2D among black and white adults. Preventing and reducing HFI may be a strategy to reduce socioeconomic and racial disparities in T2D prevalence in the U.S.Funding Sources: SDSU University Grants Program; NIH NHLBI K01

P04-022-20 Association Between Household Structure and Concurrent Stunting and Overweight Among Young Children in Indonesia: Evidence from A National Health Survey 1340742 Ceria Ciptanurani National Yang-Ming University Hsin-Jen Chen National Yang-Ming University Association Between Household Structure and Concurrent Stunting and Overweight Among Young Children in Indonesia: Evidence from A National Health Survey Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To examine the association of household type and household composition with concurrent stunting and overweight in young children in Indonesia.Methods: A secondary data analysis of children aged 2–5 years (n=45,050) in a nationally representative cross-sectional survey (Indonesian Basic Health Research/RISKESDAS 2013). We utilized household member information to construct the household structure which was analyzed as household type (nuclear, extended, and grandfamilies), number of parents, household size, number of working adults, number of dependent adults and number of dependent children. We defined concurrent stunting and overweight as height-for-age Z-score +2 based on WHO Child Growth Standards. Multivariate logistic regression was performed separately for urban and rural to assess the relationship between household structure variables and concurrent stunting and overweight. The analyses were weighted to reflect national estimates and were adjusted for confounding variables.Results: The prevalence of concurrent stunting and overweight was higher in children from the nuclear household (5.8%) than those living in extended household (4.5%) or grandfamilies (4.9%). In rural areas, children from extended households had lower odds of concurrent stunting and overweight compared to those from nuclear households (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.61–0.95). In urban areas, when compared to small-sized households (2–4 people), the odds of concurrent stunting and overweight in children decreased to 0.71 (95% CI 0.55–0.90), 0.67 (95% CI 0.47–0.97), and 0.65 (95% CI 0.38–1.10), respectively for households with five, six, and seven or more people. We also found that when compared to households with three or more working adults, the odds of concurrent stunting and overweight in children increased to 1.66 (95% CI 1.09–2.54) and 1.91 (95% CI 1.22–2.99), respectively for households with two and one working adult. However, such association was not observed in rural settings.Conclusions: The extent to which household structures were associated with concurrent stunting and overweight in children differed between urban and rural. These findings highlight the need to consider different strategies addressing double burden of malnutrition for children living in urban and rural areas.Funding Sources: None

P04-023-20 Sodium and Sugar Intake Comparison Among Participants of the USDA National School Lunch Program Versus Non-Participants Based on 2015-2016 NHANES Survey 1341743 Jeneene Connelly Florida International University Cristina Palacios Florida International University Adriana Campa Florida International University Nicholas Gonzalez Florida International University Karla De La Torre Florida International University Xavier Panchana Florida International University Sodium and Sugar Intake Comparison Among Participants of the USDA National School Lunch Program Versus Non-Participants Based on 2015-2016 NHANES Survey Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) surveys the overall health and well-being of participants nationwide. To address rising obesity rates in the US, the USDA implemented revisions in 2010 to the NSLP targeting sodium and sugar intake reduction. Our objective was to compare intake of sodium and sugar between NSLP participants and non-NSLP participants.Methods: Data from 2015-2016 NHANES survey were analyzed, which is after the implementations of the USDA revisions. All children (4-15 years) with two 24-hr dietary recalls were included. Mean intake for sugar and sodium were computed between the 2 recalls. NSLP participants were those who reported 2-5 school lunches per week whereas those reporting one school lunch per week or none were considered as not participating. Analyses were stratified by the following ages groups: 4-8y; 9-13y; and 14-15y. ANCOVA, adjusted for gender, was used to compare normalized intakes of sugar and sodium.Results: A total of 1,370 children were included (49% were females). Sugar intake was similar between NSLP or non-NSLP participants in children 4-8y. In children 9-13y, sugar intake was higher in NSLP participants (101±2.31 g/d) versus non-NSLP participants (95.2±1.94 g/d; p=0.010) but lower in children 14-15y in NSLP participants (95.7±2.44 g/d) versus non-NSLP participants (106±2.67 g/d; p=0.022). Sodium intake was higher in NSLP participants (2,731±8.64 mg/d) versus non-NSLP participants (2,583±9.69 mg/d; p=0.020) in children 4-8y and also in children 9-13y (NSLP participants 3,097±10.4 mg/d; non-NSLP participants 2,852±8.07; pConclusions: The effects of the new NSLP recommendations are conflicting compared with children not participating in the program. Sugar and sodium intakes were generally higher among NSLP participants between the ages of 9-13 years old. This suggests that despite recommendations to reduce sodium and sugar intake among school children, these nutrients might still be of concern. In short, this study indicates that a greater investment on education is needed and that further research should assess the effect of changes on NSLP recommendations through time.Funding Sources: Florida International University

P04-024-20 Neighborhood Deprivation Predicts Diet Quality at One Year of Age 1340788 Shannon Conrey Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Allison Cline Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cole Brokamp Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Katie Santanello Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Alexandra Piasecki Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Mary Staat Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Daniel Payne Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Ardythe Morrow Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Neighborhood Deprivation Predicts Diet Quality at One Year of Age Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Diet quality in childhood predicts diet quality and obesity in adulthood. Breastfeeding (BF) history and neighborhood socio-economic position (SEP) are associated with diet quality in school-age children, but little is known about the effect of neighborhood on the developing diet in infancy. We analyzed data from PREVAIL, a birth cohort in Cincinnati, OH, to examine residence in a low-SEP neighborhood as a predictor of diet quality in infants.Methods: PREVAIL subjects (n=153) with a completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at 12 months of age were included for analysis. The FFQ estimated infant daily intake of tubers, fruits, vegetables, nuts/legumes, meats and grains. BF initiation and duration, and household confounding factors were determined via periodic questionnaires throughout infancy. Diet quality was measured in terms of BF history, daily portions of fruits & vegetables (F&V) and sugar sweetened beverages, and a calculated dietary diversity score. Subject residence was geocoded and assigned a Deprivation Index (DI) score, a composite of US census-derived factors describing community-level SEP. Diet quality measures were analyzed in relation to the infant’s Deprivation Index quartile (DIQ), with quartiles ranked from the least (Q1) to most (Q4) deprived neighborhoods.Results: DIQ was inversely associated with diet quality measured by median daily F&V intake (Q1 3.1, Q2 3.4, Q3 3.5, Q4 1.7, pConclusions: In the PREVAIL cohort, infants residing in lower-SEP neighborhoods had significantly lower diet quality based on several measures. Improving diet quality in infancy should focus on low-SEP communities and incorporate BF promotion and support.Funding Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

P04-025-20 Children-and-Partner’s Food Preferences and Role of Woman as Caregiver: Key Elements of Food Choice Linked to Social Environment in a Consumer Population of Hermosillo City 1341798 Ana Contreras Navarro Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo Paulina Blanco Cervantes University of Alberta Alma Contreras Paniagua Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo Gloria Portillo Abril Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo Guadalupe Álvarez Gordillo El Colegio de la Frontera Sur María del Carmen Hernández Moreno Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo María-Isabel Ortega Vélez Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo Children-and-Partner’s Food Preferences and Role of Woman as Caregiver: Key Elements of Food Choice Linked to Social Environment in a Consumer Population of Hermosillo City Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The main objective was to identify determinants of food choice linked to the community food environment in a marginalized consumer population in the city of Hermosillo, Mexico. The specific objectives were to develop group interviews with women and to frame the data analysis within the field of research in food and nutrition security.Methods: In this qualitative study design, we employed the focus group technique to ask participants “How do you decide which foods to obtain for your family’s diet?”. To investigate further we asked, “What are those reasons that explain the selection of those foods?” Women who regularly attended a community center localized in a neighborhood with a very high grade of urban marginalization participated in the focus groups. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and three distinct methods were used to perform analysis: (1) content analysis (2) data organization, using software QSR NVivo, in relation to five dimensions of food and nutrition security: affordability, accessibility, acceptability, food quality, and care; and (3) triangulation between five co-authors (A.C.N., P.B.C., A.D.C.P., G.E.P.A., and M.I.O.V.).Results: From May to November of 2019, four focus groups were conducted by a single facilitator in two community centers of Hermosillo (n=27 participants). Reasons that explained the participant’s food choices within the community food environment and that showed the highest number of mentions in the interviews were identified in relation to acceptability factors: children’s food preferences, partner’s food preferences, all household-members’ food preferences. The following extract reflects the main study findings: “When I can't do a certain thing it is because it's very expensive, but if there is a way, even if it’s a little… for example, my middle-aged son really likes peppers and he eats them alone. So, I know that when I go to the store, I have to bring at least one, for him to eat other things.” Conclusions: The study of food choice in this group of women denotes that their role as caregiver of food and nutrition in relation to their children-and-partner’s food preferences are key elements of food decision-making processes, preceding the socioeconomic factors and constraints, they certainly face.Funding Sources: Institutional small grant C.I.A.D., A.C.

P04-026-20 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients Who Receive SNAP Benefits Have a Higher Risk of Food Insecurity, Poorer Diet Quality, and Lower Vegetable Intake Than Those Who Don’t 1341751 Giaynel Cordero SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University So Yeon Pak SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University Vincent Wong SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University Donna Lee SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University Daniel Laor SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University Mariana Markell SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients Who Receive SNAP Benefits Have a Higher Risk of Food Insecurity, Poorer Diet Quality, and Lower Vegetable Intake Than Those Who Don’t Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Many CKD/ESKD pts rely on SNAP benefits to help offset the cost of food. We studied the association of SNAP benefits with food insecurity and dietary habits in our inner-City population.Methods: A face-to-face survey was conducted with a sample of patients from inner-city CKD (23), dialysis (24), and transplant (33) clinics. As SNAP usage was similar across all clinics data were pooled. Diet was assessed using 24-hour recall and analyzed using ASA24 software. The Healthy Eating Index was scored using the HEI-15, with a value below 50 considered poor. Food security was evaluated using the question “In the last 12 months did you ever eat less than you think you should because there wasn’t enough money for food?”. All comparisons were by t-test except where noted.Results: Mean age was 54.7±1.7. There were 46 (58%) men and 34 (42%) women with 65 Black, 5 Asian, 5 Hispanic, and 4 others. 34 people (42.5%) had an income Conclusions: In our population: 1. Patients who received SNAP benefits reported more food insecurity. 2. All patients had poor adherence to Dietary Guidelines but SNAP recipients were worse, ate less fiber, magnesium and vitamin C and ate fewer vegetables, including dark green leafy vegetables. 3. As data suggest that plant-based eating may be advantageous for patients with kidney disease, and most Greenmarkets in our neighborhood take SNAP, these latter findings are particularly concerning and warrant further study to discern if this is an issue of cost or education.Funding Sources: None

P04-027-20 Discrepancies between Parents’ and Adolescents’ Perceptions of Family Meal Habits 1340376 Erinn Cutright Arizona State University Stephanie Ayers Arizona State University Anaid Gonzalvez Arizona State University Meg Bruening Arizona State University Flavio Marsiglia Arizona State University Sonia Vega-López Arizona State University Discrepancies between Parents’ and Adolescents’ Perceptions of Family Meal Habits Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine how closely parents and their adolescent children self-report family meal habits specific to types of food served and technology use.Methods: Dyads (n=100) of one parent (40.0±7.1 years; 92.1% female) and one 6th-8th grade adolescent child (12.5±0.9 years; 41.3% female) from primarily Hispanic families were recruited through middle schools in a Southwestern US metropolitan area. Parents and adolescents each completed surveys to self-report types of foods typically served at dinner (vegetables, 100% fruit juice, other fruit, milk, and sugar-sweetened beverages) and technology use allowed (television watching, use of hand-held games, talking on the phone, texting, listening to music with headphones) during family meals using identical questions. Answer choices were Never=1, Sometimes=2, Usually=3, or Always=4. Parents’ responses were compared to those of adolescents using paired samples T-tests.Results: Relative to adolescent responses, parents reported greater family mealtime offering of vegetables (2.5±0.9 vs. 1.8±0.7), 100% fruit juice (2.0±0.9 vs. 1.3±1.0), other fruit (2.4±1.0 vs. 1.3±1.0), milk (2.9±1.0 vs. 1.0±1.0), and sugar-sweetened beverages (2.1±0.8 vs 1.2±0.9; pConclusions: Parents consistently reported offering vegetables, 100% fruit juice, other fruit, milk and sugar-sweetened beverages during family meals more frequently than reported by their adolescent children. Similarly, parents reported more permissive family meals regarding technology use. Further research is needed to better understand these discrepancies in how parents and their adolescent children perceive family meals, and to explore whether perceptions of family meals are associated with dietary quality in Hispanic families.Funding Sources: Funded by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities and by the Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as part of a Maternal Child Health Bureau Nutrition Training Grant

P04-029-20 Has the Reduction of Salt in the Bread's Composition Played a Role in Reducing Blood Pressure in Morocco? 1340420 Abdelfettah Derouiche Hassan II University Maria Elarbaoui Hassan II University Younes Elkardi Hassan II University Laila Elammari Ministry of Health Lahoussin Azaz National Federation of Moroccan Bakeries and Pastry Mohamed Jabari Hygiene direction Ali Jafri Mohammed 6 University of Health Sciences, Has the Reduction of Salt in the Bread's Composition Played a Role in Reducing Blood Pressure in Morocco? Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Overconsumption of sodium can cause several noncommunicable diseases such as hypertension which alone is responsible for 10% of cardiovascular disease. According to the Moroccan Ministry of Health 2018, the prevalence of hypertension in Morocco rose from 33.6% in 2000 to 29.3% in 2018. Bread is the main vehicle of salt for daily food intake in Moroccothe objective of this research is the evaluation of the impact of 5 years of awareness campaigns (2011-2016) on the incentive of bakers to reduce the amount of salt used in the preparation of commercial white bread and on improvement of their knowledge and nutritional practices related to saltMethods: Knowledge, attitudes and nutritional practices (KAB) on sodium were assessed using a questionnaire during interviews in 2012, 2014 and 2016 with 1,218 bakeries in Casablanca, Morocco. The questionnaire covered subjects on diseases linked to overconsumption of salt, the recommended daily intake and their adhesions to gradually reducing salt in the preparation of bread. The amount of sodium chloride in commercial bread was measured by the Mohr titration method. Bread samples were collected and analyzed in 160 bakeries in 2011 and 2016.Results: The KAB survey revealed that in 2016, for bakers, 92.9% knew at least that overconsumption of salt causes blood pressure, 72.8% were engaged or started to reduce the sodium added in the preparation of bread and 98.3% of bakers market around 10% of bread without salt. Analysis of the bread revealed that the added sodium chloride increased from 17.42 ± 1.28 g / kg in 2011 to 13.1 ± 2.24 g / kg in 2016, equivalent to a decrease of 26 , 3% over five years (0.94 g per year). The amount of salt measured in 2017-2018 in the bread of 6 Moroccan cities showed an average rate varying between 12.85 and 16.9g / kg.Conclusions: This study highlights the effectiveness of awareness campaigns through the CAP to reduce the use of salt in breadmaking. Knowing that the daily consumption of bread in Morocco varied between 360 and 500g. This 26.3% reduction in salt in bread certainly has a positive impact on CVD protection and would be attributed to the reduction in the prevalence of blood pressure obtained in 2018 among Moroccans.Funding Sources: University II Hassan Facuty of Sciences Ben M'Sik Casablanca. World Health Organization

P04-030-20 Food Insecurity and Mental Health Status Among Immigrants in High-Income Countries Between 2014-2017 1341293 Nan Dou The Pennsylvania State University Diane Mitchell The Pennsylvania State University Muzi Na The Pennsylvania State University Food Insecurity and Mental Health Status Among Immigrants in High-Income Countries Between 2014-2017 Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To assess the prevalence and trend of food insecurity (FI), mental wellbeing and their associations in the understudied immigrants living in high-income countries between 2014-2017.Methods: Using nationally representative Gallup World Poll data from 2014 to 2017, a total of 15,343 immigrants from 48 World Bank defined high-income countries were included. Individual FI status was measured by the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and categorized into food secure and mild, moderate and severe FI groups. Mental wellbeing was assessed by the Negative Experience Index (NEI, the greater the worse) and the Positive Experience Index (PEI, the greater the better). Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the association between FI and NEI/PEI, adjusting for age, gender, marital status, education, employment status, annual household income, residency, household size, and the number of children younger than 15 y in the household.Results: The prevalence of FI in immigrants decreased from 38.4% in 2014 to 28.9% in 2017 globally (p-trend Conclusions: Progressive FI is significantly associated with poor mental wellbeing among immigrants in high income countries. Despite the improvement in food security and mental health status in immigrants, severely food insecure immigrants have had worsened mental wellbeing in recent years. Future policies are required to address disparities in food access and mental health in vulnerable immigrants.Funding Sources: FAO’s Voices of the Hungry Project for having granted access to the full GWP data set and supporting materials, which allowed the present study to be conducted.

P04-035-20 Examining Community Restaurant Nutrition Environments for Cardiovascular Health: An Assessment of Hispanic Caribbean Restaurants in New York City 1341519 Melissa Fuster City University of New York, Brooklyn College Enrique Pouget CUNY Brooklyn College Eddie Nelson Sakowitz CUNY Brooklyn College Kayla Halvey CUNY Brooklyn College Krishnendu Ray New York University Brian Elbel NYU Langone Margaret Handley UCSF School of Medicine Terry T-K Huang CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy Examining Community Restaurant Nutrition Environments for Cardiovascular Health: An Assessment of Hispanic Caribbean Restaurants in New York City Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Examine the nutrition environment in Hispanic Caribbean (HC) restaurants, and identify restaurant-level factors associated with healthier nutrition restaurant environments.Methods: We adapted the Nutrition Environment Measure Survey for Restaurants (NEMS-R) to HC cuisines and applied the instrument (NEMS-HCR) to a random sample of Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Dominican restaurants in New York City (n=89). Descriptive and regression analysis examined the associations between the NEMS-HCR score and restaurant characteristics (HC cuisine, restaurant type, and midpoint price).Results: No restaurant offered dishes labeled as healthy and almost none (2%) offered whole grains or fruit. Half of the restaurants (52%) had menus with a large proportion ( >75%) of nonfried (NF) main dishes and three-quarters (76%) offered at least one vegetarian option. The most common environmental facilitator to healthy eating was offering reduced portion sizes (21%) and the most common barrier was having salt shakers on tables (40%). NEMS-HCR scores (100-point scale) ranged from 24.1-55.2 (mean=39.7). Scores varied by cuisine and size category, but not by restaurant type (sit-down vs fast casual). Puerto Rican restaurants had the lowest mean score, compared with Dominican and Cuban restaurants (33.7±6.8, 39.6±6.4, 43.3±6.9, respectively, pConclusions: HC communities present more dietary risk factors than other Hispanic groups. Our study is the first to adapt and apply the NEMS-R to HC restaurants. Restaurants are increasingly important daily sources of food. As interventions targeting individual behavior change have shown limited impact, restaurants represent an important environmental target for health promotion. The assessment showed areas for potential improvements in food offerings and environmental cues to encourage healthful choices in HC restaurants.Funding Sources: CUNY PSC Award and NIH/NHLBI Career Development Award (K01)

P04-036-20 Fostering Equitable Food Access and Healthy Eating through Social Innovation: A Description of the New Orleans Experience 1341210 Jacqueline Futch Tulane University Brittany Kovacs Foundation for International Medical Relief of Children Anjali Prasertong Propeller: A Force for Social Innovation Keelia O'Malley Tulane University Diego Rose Tulane University Fostering Equitable Food Access and Healthy Eating through Social Innovation: A Description of the New Orleans Experience Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Persistent problems of poor diets and food insecurity call for novel approaches. In New Orleans, there was a tremendous surge in citizen involvement and social innovation after Hurricane Katrina. In the food sector, this work focused on improving food access and healthy eating by developing new organizations or transforming existing ones. Yet little is known about the scope, magnitude, and diversity of these efforts. This paper describes our effort to systematically catalog this work.Methods: A comprehensive list of innovative organizations working in the food system was developed from local coalitions and other key stakeholders. An online survey of organization directors, fielded in the fall of 2017, collected information on their focus areas within the food system, geographic service areas, demographic priority groups, funding sources, and other developmental aspects. Organizations were contacted up to 9 times to encourage participation. Additional organizations were added by suggestions from respondents. A response rate of 75% yielded a final sample of N=65.Results: Organizations worked throughout the food system, focusing on gardening/farming (14%), food distribution (18%), nutrition education (11%), and food system sustainability (11%). Many innovated in multiple areas, for example, combining youth leadership with urban agriculture or business incubation with fresh food access. The vast majority (82%) were founded after Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Most (77%) targeted low-income populations, and 10% worked in the Lower Ninth Ward or New Orleans East, African American neighborhoods with very low access to fresh food. Only 23% reported receiving federal grants, while 69% belonged to one or more coalitions.Conclusions: An active NGO sector developed in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina to work on food and nutrition issues not addressed by government institutions. A majority of these organizations do not receive federal support and work as a part of a coalition. Our descriptive catalog provides an assessment of strengths and gaps in the system and an entry point for further investments. Insights from New Orleans on innovations in addressing poor diets and food insecurity may be useful in other urban areas where such problems exist.Funding Sources: The Food Trust and DHHS HRSA #T79MC31883

P04-038-20 Food Security Levels and Dietary Intake in Mexican Women from Sinaloa 1341540 Paola Galindo-Vidales Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Elia Zepeda-Gomez Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Liliana Lopez-Gambino Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Elena Angulo-Leyva Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Monica-L Castro-Acosta Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Food Security Levels and Dietary Intake in Mexican Women from Sinaloa Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: We aim to compare dietary intakes among food secure and food insecure vulnerable women from Culiacan, Sinaloa.Methods: Cross-sectional study design. We collected data by direct interviews from adult females. Questionnaires included socio-demographic characteristics, the Mexican Food Security Scale and a 24-h recall. Weight and height were measured, and BMI was calculated. Associations between food security levels and dietary intakes were assessed using Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and Χ2 test for categorical variables. Data is presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR).Results: One hundred and seventy five women (aged: 46.2 ± 15.9 y; BMI: 29.8 ± 6.8 k/m2), participated in this research. The prevalence of household food security (HFS) was 51%, whereas 49% of the population reported some level of household food insecurity (HFI); 26% mild insecurity, 12% moderate insecurity and 11% severe insecurity. Energy intake was 1,586 kcal (1149, 2147 kcal), the percentage of energy from carbohydrates was 56%, from fat 28%, and from protein 16%. Daily intake of saturated fat did not comply with the national recommendation, saturated fat provided 11% of daily energy, monounsaturated fat 10%, and polyunsaturated fat 7%. There were no differences between groups (HFS vs. HFI) for age, BMI and energy intake; however, the HFS group had a significantly higher intake of saturated fat; 19 vs. 13 g (P=0.006). Sugar and calcium intake were also higher in the HFS than in the HFI group, 69 vs. 51 g and 716 vs. 510 mg, respectively (PConclusions: Although there is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, deficient dietary intake of micronutrients could indicate the presence of “hidden hunger” (micronutrients deficiencies) on this vulnerable population. A better understanding of the relationship between food security and dietary intake in this population, may be useful in developing successful interventions.Funding Sources: UAS, CONACyT

P04-039-20 Food Insecurity Is Not Related to Cognitive Function in School-Aged Children in Querétaro, Mexico 1340440 Olga Garcia Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Karina Miranda Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez McGill University Jorge Rosado Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Food Insecurity Is Not Related to Cognitive Function in School-Aged Children in Querétaro, Mexico Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between household food insecurity and food insecurity of the mothers during her childhood with cognitive function in school children in Querétaro.Methods: A total of 153 children (6-10 y) of public elementary schools in the municipality of Querétaro participated in a cross-sectional study. Household food insecurity was measured using the ELCSA (Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale) and a validated questionnaire to measure food insecurity of the mother during her childhood. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) were taken by standardized personnel and the WISC IV scale adapted to children for the determination of cognitive function was applied by trained psychologists. Statistical ANOVA tests were used to determine mean differences in cognitive function between children with and without food insecurity. A logistic regression was also calculated to determine the odds of having low cognitive function in the presence of food insecurity, both at the household level and of the mother during her childhood. All analyses were adjusted for maternal level of education as a confounder.Results: The children had a combined prevalence of overweight and obesity of 39.9%. A total of 54.3% of the households had food insecurity and 80.4% of the mothers had food insecurity in their childhood. The prevalence of the average score of the Total Intelligence Quotient (TIQ) of the children was 52.3%, and 38.2% had TIQ below average. Children living in households with food insecurity and with mothers that had food insecurity in their past had lower TIQ (89.08±8.23, and, 91.87±11.18, respectively) compared with children in food secure households (95.39±12.20) and with mothers that had food security in their childhood (96.87±12.03). However, after adjusting for maternal level of education, no relationship was observed between food insecurity and TIQ. Similarly, the adjusted logistic regression model showed no relationship between food insecurity in the household and mother’s food insecurity in the past with TIQ.Conclusions: In the present study, food insecurity was not related to cognitive function of school-aged children in Querétaro, Mexico.Funding Sources: Partially funded by CONACYT

P04-040-20 WHO Hemoglobin Thresholds to Define Anemia in Clinical Medicine and Public Health: A Scoping Exercise 1340706 Maria Nieves Garcia-Casal Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization Sant-Rayn Pasricha The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization Katherine Colman Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Elizabeth Centeno-Tablante World Health Organization WHO Hemoglobin Thresholds to Define Anemia in Clinical Medicine and Public Health: A Scoping Exercise Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: WHO is reviewing the use and interpretation of hemoglobin thresholds for assessing iron status in individuals and populations following established evidence-informed guideline development procedures to culminate in updated guidelines for clinical and public health use.Methods: To define priorities and identify key questions a scoping exercise was developed via a two-stage international consultation based on the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative method. The first survey allowed respondents to suggest priorities, and the second asked respondents to rank the key questions with established criteria. A transparent approach was used to identify more than 4,000 international experts in anemia research based on publication records and ensuring representatives from all WHO regions and low income and middle-income countries.Results: The first survey received 123 respondents from 48 countries across all six WHO regions. The 553 proposed questions spanned many themes and were consolidated to a shortlist of 48 questions spanning six subtopics, including physiology of anemia, hemoglobin thresholds for different population groups, definition of anemia across clinical and environmental contexts, approach to development of anemia thresholds, laboratory and diagnostic considerations, and implementation of WHO’s hemoglobin threshold guidelines. The second survey received 195 respondents from 64 countries across all six WHO regions. Questions covered diverse themes, including variation in thresholds between individuals of different sex and age, categorisation of anaemia severity and the burden of anaemia, optimal clinical and field laboratory measurements of haemoglobin, and antenatal and infant haemoglobin concentrations associated with adverse developmental outcomes.Conclusions: Based on the normative needs identified in this scoping exercise the available evidence will be summarized and presented to a WHO guideline development group after input from an expert panel. This rigorous, inclusive, and transparent approach should enable international harmonization of hemoglobin thresholds used to define anemia in both clinical and public health practice.Funding Sources: The World Health Organization The United States Agency for International Development (USAID), USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA

P04-041-20 Improving Antenatal Care (ANC) Focusing on Maternal Nutrition (MN) Services and Counseling Through Quality Improvement (QI) Approach in a Medical College Hospital in India 1341236 Sebanti Ghosh Alive & Thrive, FHI 360 Praveen Sharma Alive & Thrive, FHI360 Thomas Forissier Alive & Thrive, FHI 360 Poonam Bhambri Alive & Thrive, FHI 360 Improving Antenatal Care (ANC) Focusing on Maternal Nutrition (MN) Services and Counseling Through Quality Improvement (QI) Approach in a Medical College Hospital in India Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To demonstrate feasibility of applying Quality Improvement (QI) approach to improve maternal nutrition (MN) services and counseling during ANC provision at a state-run medical college hospital.Methods: Doctors and staff from the departments of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (OBGY), Pediatrics and Community Medicine in GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh (a high case load facility) were trained on Point of Care Quality Improvement (POCQI) methodology developed by WHO, URC and All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) by a team of QI experts engaged by Alive & Thrive (A&T). Thereafter, the OBGY department formed a QI team with the aim of improving MN component within the ANC services for pregnant women (PW). Specifically, QI aims to be achieved between May– Aug 2019 were set as: At least 80% of PW complete height, weight gain, blood pressure (BP) and hemoglobin (Hb) measurement and receive nutrition counselling, of which 70% can recall the MN nutrition messages imparted during the counselling session. Since no system for recording ANC data existed except Hb (50%), the baseline was set as zero for all other parameters. Post a system process review and problem analysis, 4 areas for improvement were identified: i) Streamlining patient flow ; ii) ensuring timely availability of diagnostic reports to facilitate early detection of anemia; iii) recording and tracking of anthropometric data and, iv) provision of nutrition counselling to all PW. Simple and doable changes such as deployment of Red Cross volunteers for crowd management and patient flow, use of government-issued mother and child protection (MCP) cards for recording anthropometric data, engagement of HIV counselor for nutrition counselling etc. were applied with assistance and mentoring from QI experts.Results: 84% of the PW completed weight gain, Hb and BP measurement. MN counselling was delivered to 76% of the women. Exit interviews of PW to assess the comprehensiveness of the counselling provided show a steady improvement (~12-15%) in retention of messages related to weight gain, importance of Ca and IFA, frequency of meals and diet diversity.Conclusions: It is feasible to improve MN services including counseling at ANC OPD in medical college hospital using QI approach, without additional resource investment.Funding Sources: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

P04-042-20 Results of a Nutrition Incentive Program Within a Bi-State Region: A Mixed-Method Evaluation 1341059 Cheryl Gibson University of Kansas Medical Center Heather Valentine University of Kansas Medical Center Rose-Bertine Mercier University of Kansas Medical Center Susan Harvey University of Kansas - Lawrence Lauren Landfried St. Louis University, Department of Nutrition & Dietetics Jaehoon Lee Texas Tech University Results of a Nutrition Incentive Program Within a Bi-State Region: A Mixed-Method Evaluation Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To conduct a process and impact evaluation of Double Up Food Bucks (DUFB) Heartland, a nutrition incentive program, to facilitate program delivery and sustainability at farmers markets and grocery stores, and to examine the impact on Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) customers.Methods: Across 4 years, we employed a mixed methods approach, including surveys with customers (n=678) and vendors (n=223), and interviews with market managers (n=52) and grocery store employees (n=38). Study samples were obtained using a geographically-stratified, probability-proportional-to-size sampling plan. Customer surveys included demographic, social, dietary and health-related variables. Survey respondents included SNAP customers who had used DUFB (n=382) and those who had not (n=296).Results: DUFB customers were primarily female (81%) and white (48%), with a mean age of 46 ±15 years. Non-DUFB users had similar characteristics. Of DUFB users, 56% indicated food insecurity issues and 27% rated their general health as fair to poor. Most learned of DUFB on-site. DUFB customers reported being able to afford more produce (98%), consuming a greater variety of produce (59%), and reducing their intake of unhealthy foods (45%). Importantly, 93% of DUFB users indicated the presence of the program influenced their decision to shop at the site. Among non-DUFB users, most were unaware of the program but 98% indicated they were likely to participate next time they shopped. Grocery store cashiers reported DUFB implementation was easy and it did not add time to complete a sales transaction. Store directors felt DUFB brought about a greater focus on locally grown produce and all expressed a desire to continue the program. Market managers stated participation in DUFB increased produce sales, and the number and diversity of customers. Market vendors viewed DUFB as beneficial, stating it resulted in a new customer base and increased produce sales. Conclusions: Results were instrumental in identifying successes and challenges faced by locations that were implementing the DUFB program. DUFB was well accepted with few implementation barriers noted. However, many SNAP users were not aware of the nutrition incentive program. Findings will be used to refine materials and develop strategies to extend program reach.Funding Sources: USDA Food Insecurity Nutrition Incentive Program

P04-043-20 Implementation of the Nutritional Health Promotion Center in University Students of the Faculty of Mexicali Medicine 1340291 Nadia Ivanna González Ezquivel Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Mitzy Dafne Ramírez Romero Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Josefina Ruiz Esparza Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Carlos Olvera Sandoval Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Daniela González Valencia Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Implementation of the Nutritional Health Promotion Center in University Students of the Faculty of Mexicali Medicine Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To implement the Nutritional Health Promotion Center (CEPSAN) in the population student of the Mexicali medical school during 2019.Methods: Descriptive study. It was performed in university students and external volunteers, both sexes; each participant had a nutritional medical history; anthropometric measurement, estimation of the Body Mass Index and analysis of body composition by electrical bioimpedance in ioi 353 equipment; total energy expenditure was determined and an individualized food plan was provided, a challenge system based on the health recommendations of the World Health Organization 2012 was established, food consumption frequency questionnaire (one week) was applied. The results were coded and captured in The Food Processor ESHA version 2016 to estimate nutrients, the protocol was repeated every 15 days.Results: Nutritional consultations were carried out with initial medical assessment to a total of n = 84 participants, 50% (n = 42) were university students and the other 50% were external volunteers. 52% of university students were normal weight, while 34% overweight, 12% obese and 2% underweight. 71% of external volunteers were overweight and obese. The average energy consumption in university students was 3,000 kcal per day, a guideline to indicate an adequate consumption in quality and quantity during nutritional counseling. The average waist-to-hip index value in university women was 0.82 and in men 0.93, both below the risk point. In external volunteers, the waist-to-hip index was 0.87 and 0.95, women and men, respectively.Conclusions: In the first stage of CEPSAN, it was possible to standardize the general care procedure, the timely identification of health risk in patients and the promotion of nutritional health through individualized meal plans.Funding Sources: Programa para el Desarrollo Profesional Docente, 2019. UABC-PTC-775

P04-045-20 Understanding Access to Healthy Foods and Grocery Shopping Patterns Among Community Residents in Underserved Neighborhoods in Tampa, Florida 1340026 Heewon Gray University of South Florida Jessica Berumen University of South Florida Sharonda Lovett University of South Florida David Himmelgreen University of South Florida Dipayan Biswas University of South Florida Joe Bohn University of South Florida Caitlyn Peacock Tampa Bay Network to End Hunger Acadia Buro University of South Florida Whitney Van Arsdale University of South Florida Understanding Access to Healthy Foods and Grocery Shopping Patterns Among Community Residents in Underserved Neighborhoods in Tampa, Florida Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: It is widely accepted that low-income and racial/ethnic minority neighborhoods are disproportionately affected by diet-related adverse health outcomes. Access to healthy foods has also been shown to be a determinant of more optimal dietary intake and health. This study aimed to conduct a survey to examine grocery shopping patterns and food access among community residents in underserved neighborhoods; the study was conducted in partnership with community organizations.Methods: A survey was administered cross-sectionally. Twenty-seven questions adapted from previous research regarding grocery shopping patterns and food access were included. Community residents aged ≥ 18 years in East Tampa, a designated Florida Community Redevelopment Area (CRA), were recruited at community events/meetings, and an online version of the survey was distributed through the email listserv of community partners. A total of 126 residents participated; the majority was African American, female, and ≥ 35 years of age. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. GIS mapping was subsequently used to examine the residents’ accessibility to grocery stores within the neighborhoods.Results: The majority (58%) of the participants reported that they usually buy most of their groceries at supermarkets, followed by large chain stores (41%), farmers markets (11%), and discount stores (10%). There were 4 major stores in the neighborhoods identified as preferred grocery stores. Most participants indicated that they use cash (52%) or EBT card (30%) for grocery shopping, and 33% regularly get food from food pantries. Most residents use their own cars (76%) for transportation and indicated that it takes ≤ 30 minutes (87%) to get their groceries. Ninety participants (71%) indicated that a new supermarket nearby would help them get food easier, followed by a new farmers market. In an open-ended question, some reported that mobile food trucks or delivery services would make it easier to get the foods. A specific location for a new supermarket was identified by each participant.Conclusions: Community residents demanded a new supermarket or farmers market with better variety of fresh produce. The results of this study have been discussed with the community partners and the CRA advisory committee.Funding Sources: University of South Florida, College of Public Health Internal Faculty Awards

P04-046-20 The Prevalence and Associated Characteristics of Food Insecurity Among U.S. Army Soldiers 1341639 Carolyn Greene U.S. Army, Madigan Army Medical Center Bethany Deschamps U.S. Army, Madigan Army Medical Center Brenda Bustillos U.S. Army, Center for Initial Military Training The Prevalence and Associated Characteristics of Food Insecurity Among U.S. Army Soldiers Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Food insecurity affects 11% of the United States (U.S.) population and leads to decrements in health and quality of life. Aside from grey literature, little is known about food insecurity among military personnel. The purpose of this study was to identify prevalence, gender discrepancies, and characteristics associated with food insecurity among U.S. Army soldiers. Investigators hypothesized that female soldiers who experience food insecurity will have higher body mass indices (BMI) than male soldiers, and that earning less income, being un-partnered, and having dependents while unmarried would be associated with food insecurity, irrespective of gender.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 218 soldiers using the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module: Six Item Short Form and a demographics questionnaire. Independent samples T-test and Chi square determined differences between samples. Two-way analysis of variance assessed interaction and main effects of food insecurity and gender on BMI. Logistic regressions determined likelihood of food insecurity based on paygrade, gender, marital status, number of dependents, and barracks residence.Results: Over 22% of the sampled population was food insecure. When compared to food secure individuals, food insecure soldiers were younger (23.6 vs. 26.6 years) and had fewer dependents (0.70 vs. 1.16). Food insecure women had higher BMIs (25.3 vs. 23.5 kg/m2). Barracks residency was associated with food insecurity (χ2=7.290, p=0.007). Main effects were significant for gender on BMI (p=0.001), but interaction effects for food insecurity on BMI were not (p=0.16). Soldiers with the rank of Private (OR=5.510, p=0.029) and Specialist (OR=5.750, p=0.032) had increased likelihood of food insecurity compared to officers.Conclusions: Female soldiers and barracks residents may be most affected by food insecurity, which may have health implications that could affect career advancement and retention. The potential impact of food insecurity on military readiness and resiliency indicates the phenomenon may pose a risk to national security.Funding Sources: No funding was received to complete this study.

P04-051-20 Designing Online Grocery Stores to Support Healthy Eating for Weight Loss 1341075 Lisa Harnack University of Minnesota Simone French University of Minnesota Joseph Redden University of Minnesota Nancy Sherwood University of Minnesota Gabrielle Rivera University of Minnesota Sruthi Valluri University of Minnesota Muna Tahir University of Minnesota Designing Online Grocery Stores to Support Healthy Eating for Weight Loss Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To begin development of online grocery store design features that could support healthful food purchasing by shoppers who are trying to lose weight, using a Value Proposition Design approach to product development.Methods: One-on-one interviews were conducted with adults who reported they were trying to lose weight (n=25) to gain insight into their shopping needs and perceptions. Interview results were used to identify four potential online grocery shopping features that could support healthful food purchase decisions. Prototypes were developed for each feature, and one-on-one interviews were conducted with a different sample of adults who reported trying to lose weight (n=25) to gather feedback on the prototypes.Results: Based on customer needs identified through insight interview, the following four potential online grocery store features were devised and prototyped by the research team: 1) Nutritional quality rating of shopping cart items purchased, with suggestions for improvement provided; 2) Menu planning support tool to provide menu and recipe suggestions tailored to individual preferences; 3) An interactive virtual grocery aisle designed as a fun way to discover healthy products and meal ideas; and 4) A healthy shopping preference option to opt into a shopping experience that prioritizes the display and advertising of foods that align with the shopper’s health and nutrition goals. Results from feedback interviews indicated that the menu planning support tool and the healthy shopping preference option were both highly positively rated and believed to be effective in helping support healthy food choices by most participants.Conclusions: Further development and evaluation work is warranted for the online grocery store features found to be most highly rated. This study illustrates application of a design thinking approach to developing nutrition promotion related products/programs.Funding Sources: University of Minnesota JB Hawley Faculty Research Award

P04-055-20 Exploring the Relationship Between Attendance at USDA Summer Food Service Program Sites and Baseline Household Food Security Status: Results from the Project SWEAT Study 1340285 Laura Hopkins Baldwin Wallace University Cara Pannell Ohio State University Carolyn Gunther The Ohio State University Exploring the Relationship Between Attendance at USDA Summer Food Service Program Sites and Baseline Household Food Security Status: Results from the Project SWEAT Study Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Explore the relationship between attendance at USDA Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) sites and baseline household food security status.Methods: Two elementary schools in low-income urban neighborhoods of Columbus, OH were recruited. Families with children at these schools in grades pre-kindergarten through fifth were invited to participate. Caregivers completed a demographic survey at the end of school year 1 (baseline [t0]). Household food security was assessed at t0 using the USDA 6-item Short Form Food Security Module and based on responses participants were categorized as living in high marginal food security (HMFS), low food security (LFS), or very low food security (VLFS) households. Child attendance at USDA SFSP sites was collected via weekly text messages to caregivers using the online TextIt© platform. ANOVA was conducted to determine differences in attendance level by household food security status.Results: 113 children representing 78 families enrolled. Mean age was 7.10±0.21yr, 79.65% were African American, 72.73% were low-income, and mean annual income was $28222. Approximately 27% of families (n=21) reported living in LFS (n=10, 14.82%) or VLFS (n=11, 12.10%) households. Overall mean attendance at summer programming was 10.40±1.43 days (out of 50 possible days) and attendance by household food security status was 10.51±1.61 (HMFS), 19.00±6.15 (LFS), and 5.70±2.85 (VLFS) days with a significant difference (p=0.04) between LFS and VLFS households.Conclusions: Children in VLFS (vs HMFS and LFS) households, who are at increased risk for hunger during the summertime window of risk, are attending sites offering the USDA SFSP least frequently. Future research and programmatic efforts should be targeted at children from the most vulnerable households to ensure food security during the summertime window of risk.Funding Sources: USDA NC-NECE

P04-056-20 Caregiver Status and Diet Quality in Community Dwelling Older Adults 1341107 Sharmin Hossain National Institute on Aging May A Beydoun National Institute on Aging Michele K Evans National Institute on Aging Alan B. Zonderman National Institute on Aging Marie Fanelli Kuczmarski University of Delaware Caregiver Status and Diet Quality in Community Dwelling Older Adults Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Prior studies on caregivers have focused mainly on the diet quality of their recipients, especially children. We investigated both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of caregiver status and diet quality in older adults (mean 53.0±9.0 years).Methods: We studied participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (57.7% women, 62% African American) between wave 3 (2009-2013) and wave 4 (2013-2018). Caregiving was assessed at both waves, starting at wave 3. Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI2010) score, a measure of diet quality, was assessed from two 24-hour recalls at each wave on both occasions (mean 4.1 years follow-up). Baseline caregiving (at wave 3) was examined in relation to change in HEI between waves 3 and 4. Multivariable linear regression was performed for cross-sectional analysis; mixed-effects regression was performed for longitudinal analyses. Results are expressed as β-coefficients ± standard error of means (β±SE).Results: After adjusting for age, sex, race and poverty status, more time spent taking care of grandchildren (N=2,033) was associated with poor diet quality (-1.51±0.55, p=0.006) in cross-sectional analysis (wave 4 caregiving and wave 4 HEI). However, in a separate cross-sectional analysis (wave 4 only) on dual (caring for both grandchildren and an elderly person) vs. single caregivers (either grandchildren or elderly) (N=73; 24 men & 49 women) we found no difference in diet quality. The longitudinal analyses (N=1,848) demonstrated that diet quality did not change with caregiving over time for either grandchildren (p=0.16) or others (not children & grandchildren) (p=0.88). Overall, women tended to have better quality diet (pConclusions: Among relatively older caregivers, cross-sectional analyses revealed an inverse effect of caregiving with diet quality. Longitudinal research is needed to evaluate the temporal associations of dual caregiving with subsequent diet quality changes over time. Funding Sources: The first author is supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Intramural Research Program (IRP) at the National Institute on Aging (NIA). HANDLS is supported by the Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, grant Z01-AG000513.

P04-058-20 Impact of a Preschool Obesity Prevention (I-POP) Program on Nutrition Knowledge Scores of Head Start Parents and Teachers 1340000 Holly Huye The University of Southern Mississippi Carol Connell The University of Southern Mississippi Caroline Newkirk Mississippi State Department of Health Impact of a Preschool Obesity Prevention (I-POP) Program on Nutrition Knowledge Scores of Head Start Parents and Teachers Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of an evidence-based preschool obesity prevention intervention on rural, low-income parents’ and Head Start teachers’ nutrition knowledge relative to advice from experts, nutrient content of foods, and health benefits of foods.Methods: Parent-child dyads were recruited from 9 randomized Head Start centers with 5 centers in the experimental group and 4 centers in the control. The intervention consisted of 8 weekly evidence-based nutrition education sessions for children delivered by the Head Start teachers; a teacher workshop on the use of Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS) in the classroom; and 8 parent workshops using an evidence-based behavioral intervention, Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). The PBIS and PCIT reinforced nutrition education sessions by including instruction for positive meal-time behaviors. A repeated measures design consisted of data collected at pre- (T1), post-intervention (T2), and a 6-month follow-up (T3). T1 and T2 results of a validated and reliable nutrition knowledge survey to address the sub-objective of the main study are reported here.Results: 175 parents and 75 teachers participated in T1 data collection, of which 95 parents and 64 teachers completed T2. There were no significant differences in total scores within or between parent or teacher groups, scoring an average of 34% and 38% out of 100% for parents and teachers, respectively. However, there was a significant change in the knowledge of health benefits of foods survey section (31.6% to 39.5% correct) for parents in the experimental group from T1 to T2 (pConclusions: Overall, parents and teachers had poor knowledge of advice from experts, nutrient content of foods, and health benefits of foods at T1. Parents and teachers did have minimal, indirect nutrition education during PCIT and PBIS, which may have contributed to parents’ increase in awareness of health benefits of food at T2. However, there may be a lack of knowledge of how to apply nutrition principles. Nutrition education and intervention should target parents and teachers of children with a specific aim in application of nutrition principals.Funding Sources: US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health

P04-059-20 Hypertension Prevalence Increasing Among Mexican Americans: NHANES 1999-2016 1340111 Sandra Ibarra Valencia Central Washington University David Gee Central Washington University Nicole Stendell-Hollis Central Washington University Dominic Klyve Central Washington University Hypertension Prevalence Increasing Among Mexican Americans: NHANES 1999-2016 Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The objective of this project was to determine current and past hypertension prevalence trends among Mexican Americans (MAs) and non-Hispanic whites (NH-whites) using NHANES data from 1999 to 2016 using the current American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology (ACC) blood pressure guidelines of 2017.Methods: This project included 28,000 NHANES adult participants above the age of 20 who participated in both the home interview and the physical examination in the mobile examination center.Results: Using the 2017 AHA/ACC Blood Pressure Guidelines, the actual prevalence of hypertension in 2005-16 was 39.6% in MAs and 48.6% in NH-whites. Since 2005, the prevalence of hypertension increased significantly among MAs, but not for NH-whites. The age-adjusted prevalence is now higher in MAs (51%) than NH-whites (49%). Hypertension risk factors (age, obesity prevalence, abdominal obesity, and acculturation) have significantly increased among MAs.Conclusions: Hypertension is a major and increasing health problem for MAs. Detection and control of hypertension among MAs should be a healthcare priority for this population.Funding Sources: None

P04-061-20 Acculturation, Food Label Literacy and Use Among South Asian Americans 1341833 Sunitha Jasti Queens College Pooja Suganthan Hunter College - Macaulay Program Acculturation, Food Label Literacy and Use Among South Asian Americans Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To examine the level of acculturation and its association with food label literacy and use among South Asian Americans.Methods: Data were collected using an online cross-sectional survey of 269 South Asian Americans living across the United States, recruited via social media and snow-ball sampling method. The Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics was adapted to measure acculturation amongst South Asian adults. The Newest Vital Sign health literacy assessment tool was used to measure food label literacy.Results: In this sample of 196 South Asian Americans with complete data, mean age was 36±11.4 y, the majority were born outside the U.S (84%), women (69%), married (69%), overweight/obese (65%) and had college degrees (86%). While most (82%) reported using food labels at least sometimes when purchasing a food product for the first time (82%), and that food labels influenced their purchase decisions (75%), only 35% demonstrated food label literacy (with maximum food label literacy score). Older (age ≥36y) South Asian Americans were more likely to be food label users (89.4% vs 73.6%, p=.006) and to report that food labels influence their food purchases (82.8% vs 69%, p=.034) than their younger counterparts. Mean acculturation was 3.14±0.78 (scale 1 - 5). Higher acculturation (score >median) was not associated with food label use, but was significantly associated with food label literacy (43.6% vs 27.3%, p=0.018). The association between higher acculturation and food label literacy remained significant after controlling for age, sex and education (adj OR=2.22; 95% CI 1.18, 4.14).Conclusions: Nutrition education interventions are needed to improve food label literacy among South Asian Americans.Funding Sources: None

P04-062-20 Metabolic Syndrome and Nutrition: Text Mining and Network Analysis Using Abstracts of PubMed 1339986 Hweesoo Jeong Dongguk University Dongwook Lee Dongguk University Donggyu Jeong Handong Global University Metabolic Syndrome and Nutrition: Text Mining and Network Analysis Using Abstracts of PubMed Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Big data consisting of unstructured data such as documents, images, sound sources, etc. are difficult to apply to existing structured data analysis programs and analyzed using techniques such as text mining, web mining, opinion mining, and network analysis. In metabolic syndrome management, interventions such as lifestyle correction are more important than drug treatment. Therefore, this study studied nutrition that can help prevent metabolic syndrome through atypical data analysis using Medline data.Methods: From 1977 to December 2019, a total of 992 abstracts were extracted among the papers available from the Pubmed using the Mesh words of metabolic syndrome, nutrition, and prevention as a search term. Text mining using the Netminer 4.0 program resulted in the extraction of 7,846 nouns and the final nouns of nutrients or foods defined as the frequency of occurrence are more than 30 times. For the selected words, we constructed and analyzed a network using links that connectivity values of 0.05 or more.Results: Of the 27 words related to nutrition in 992 papers, most five frequent nouns were Calcium, Magnesium, Mediterranean diet, Zinc, and Dairy product. In the network analysis, the five keywords in the centrality analysis were Dairy products, Fish, Vegetables, Fruit and Copper. The 27 words were grouped into eight groups, and four groups of one or more words were identified: A first group consisting of Calcium, Copper, Flavonoid, Iron, Magnesium and Selenium, and the second group of Zinc, DHEA, EPA, Fish and Omega 3. The third group consisting of Polyphenol, Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Yogurt, and the last group consisting of Dairy products, Fruits, Mediterranean diet, Milk, Nut, Sodium, Sugar, and Vegetables.Conclusions: Numerous minerals, omega 3, Probiotics and vegetables, fruits and dairy products were identified in the nutrition papers related to the prevention of metabolic syndrome.Funding Sources: This study has not supported by any funds.

P04-064-20 Self-Confidence in Food Resource Management Is Associated with Lower Risk of Household Food Insecurity Among SNAP-Ed Eligible Head Start Families 1341298 Lamis Jomaa American University of Beirut Muzi Na The Pennsylvania State University Sally Eagleton The Pennsylvania State University Marwa Diab El Harake American University of Beirut Jennifer Savage The Pennsylvania State University Self-Confidence in Food Resource Management Is Associated with Lower Risk of Household Food Insecurity Among SNAP-Ed Eligible Head Start Families Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To examine the associations between food resource management (FRM) self-confidence and behaviors that help maximize the use of food dollars by household food insecurity (HFI) status.Methods: Cross-sectional survey on SNAP-Ed eligible Head Start families in Pennsylvania, US (n = 366). HFI status was assessed using the 18-item USDA Household Food Security Module. FRM self-confidence was measured using 5-questions (e.g. “How confident are you that you can buy healthy foods for your family on a budget?”) and FRM behaviors were assessed using 6-questions (e.g. “How often do you plan meals before shopping for groceries?”). The associations between FRM self-confidence and behavior by HFI status were explored using chi-square and simple logistic regression analyses.Results: The average FRM self-confidence score of respondents was 3.02(SD: 0.71) and FRM behavior score was 3.7(SD: 0.8). Participants with high FRM self-confidence had lower odds of HFI (OR=0.36, 95%CI:0.23, 0.56, pConclusions: Higher confidence in FRM skills may protect against food insecurity among SNAP-Ed eligible households. Nutrition education programs designed to assist low-income households in stretching their food dollars need to target self-confidence in FRM skills, and address what factors may affect their FRM behaviors, in an attempt to alleviate food insecurity.Funding Sources: This material was funded by USDA’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) through the PA Department of Human Services (DHS). This institution is an equal opportunity provider.

P04-068-20 Validating The Düsseldorf Orthorexie Scale (DOS) For Use In Adolescents Aged 14-17 1340104 Elizabeth King Utah State University Heidi Wengreen Utah State University April Litchford Utah State University Caitlyn Bailey Utah State University Chante Beck Utah State University Peipei Yan Utah State University Melissa Edwards Utah State University Richelle Hudson Utah State University Alicia Kunzler Utah State University Hanna Matthias Utah State University Christina Peters Utah State University Whitney Petterborg Utah State University Alexis Smith Utah State University Hope Tinsley Utah State University McKenna Voorhees Utah State University Validating The Düsseldorf Orthorexie Scale (DOS) For Use In Adolescents Aged 14-17 Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To determine the face validity of the survey instrument, Düsseldorf Orthorexie Scale (DOS), in adolescents aged 14-17 years. The DOS has been validated for use in adults to identify individuals at-risk for symptoms and behaviors consistent with the condition of Orthorexia Nervosa (ON). This condition is characterized by a pathological obsession with healthy or “clean” eating which leads to psychological and physical impairment.Methods: Researchers conducted seven focus groups with male and female students currently enrolled in a high school health class (n=40; 11 males, 29 females aged 14-17). Participants first completed the DOS scale and then were asked to participate in a group discussion regarding their understanding of the meaning of the questions in the DOS survey. Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded to identify recurring themes. Codes for each of the 10 questions in the DOS scale were analyzed to determine group understanding of key words identified for each question.Results: Key words in the original DOS survey questions were in agreement with the codes identified from the transcript of the focus groups for eight of the 10 DOS survey questions. The key words in the other two questions (indulgence in question one and colleague in question seven) were either not understood by focus group population or would need to be altered due to incorrect or inadequate understanding by focus group participants. 38 participants completed the DOS (M=18.5, SD=4.88). 7.9% of participants DOS responses indicated they were at moderate (n=2) or high (n=1) risk of practicing orthorexic behavior.Conclusions: The DOS scale demonstrated good face validity in an adolescent population and the modification of two questions may improve its face validity. Though our sample was small, results indicate that a sizeable proportion of adolescents may already be practicing orthorexic behaviors. This demonstrates a need for further research to be conducted on effective prevention and intervention strategies for this age group.Funding Sources: The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

P04-070-20 Frequency of Food Shopping and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: A Systematic Review 1341046 Amanda Kopetsky University of Delaware Samantha Rex University of Delaware Sarah Katz University of Delaware Shannon Robson University of Delaware Frequency of Food Shopping and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: A Systematic Review Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To examine the relationship between frequency of food shopping and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in adults.Methods: A systematic review, guided by the Cochrane handbook, was conducted across four online databases: PudMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Studies were included if published in a peer reviewed journal through March 2019, included adults (³ 18 years of age), and were conducted in the United States. Any study using a cross-sectional, longitudinal cohort, or randomized study design that examined the relationship between the exposure variable of frequency of food shopping (defined as purchasing foods at a grocery store, farmer’s market, corner store, convenience store, specialty store, mobile produce van) and outcome variable, FV intake was selected. Study quality was reviewed using the Quality Control Checklist. Due to heterogeneity across study designs and variable measurement, the systematic review findings were qualitatively summarized.Results: A total of 1,021 records were reviewed after 488 duplicates were removed and 69 were selected for full review. Twenty met inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. The majority of studies (75%) found evidence of a positive association between the frequency of food shopping and FV intake, such that as frequency increased so did FV intake. The majority of studies received a neutral rating for study quality as most studies (85%) had a cross-sectional or longitudinal design and lacked a consistent definition of frequency of food shopping. FV intake was assessed using self-report measures with only one study using 24-hour recalls.Conclusions: There is evidence to show a positive relationship between frequency of food shopping and increased FV intake. More frequent shopping may be an important strategy to incorporate as part of nutrition education, especially within food assistance programs as it may promote FV intake. Given food shopping frequency was broadly defined across food store types that were variable, future research should consider examining if store type influences FV intake.Funding Sources: None

P04-071-20 Motivators and Barriers to Prenatal Supplement Use Among Women in Northern Ghana 1340052 Clement Kubreziga Kubuga University for Development Studies Jeremiah Asangalisa University for Development Studies Caroline Boahen University for Development Studies Sawudatu Mohammed University for Development Studies Eugenia Akoto-Mensah University for Development Studies Fatimah Mahama University for Development Studies Bernard Ofosu University for Development Studies Isaac Tetteh Kobla University for Development Studies Regina Asanga University for Development Studies Won Song Michigan State University Motivators and Barriers to Prenatal Supplement Use Among Women in Northern Ghana Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: In developing countries, the benefits of using prenatal supplements on birth outcomes have been well established. The rate of prenatal supplement (iron-folic acid) use compliance is low (52.8%) in northern region of Ghana even though the supplements are provided free to all pregnant women by the government. Little is known about the reasons for the non-compliance. We aimed to investigate through focus groups the barriers and motivators for taking the supplement among subjects who attend health facilities located in northern region of Ghana.Methods: We conducted six focus groups with lactating women with toddlers (0-23 months) as they were expected to reflect a complete experience of pregnancy cycle.Results: We identified five common themes: a) knowledge on supplement benefits, b) family support, c) social network support, d) reinforcement by health care providers, and e) different views on benefits of prenatal supplements. Key motivators were knowledge on supplement benefits, family support, social network support, and reinforcement by health care providers. Common barriers were adverse effects, inadequate knowledge on supplements, and disrespectful communication from health care providers.Conclusions: Motivators/barriers for prenatal supplements usage/non-usage is a complex web. Adherence may be enhanced by reducing barriers related to communication of health care providers and adverse effects, improving social network support, improving family support, and improving health care provider interactions.Funding Sources: None

P04-072-20 Quantitation of Trans-Fatty Acids in Children from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1341030 Heather Kuiper Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Na Wei Centers for Disease Control and Prevention John Goodwin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tunde Frame Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Yang Liu Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hubert Vesper Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Quantitation of Trans-Fatty Acids in Children from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Trans-fatty acids (TFA) are geometric isomers of naturally occurring cis-fatty acids, formed industrially through partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils or naturally in ruminant animals. TFA intake has been associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease; therefore, reduced TFA consumption is a major public health objective. Food intake studies have provided estimates for TFA levels in the U.S. and we previously assessed TFA blood concentrations in fasting U.S. adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), finding an average 54% decrease in TFA between 1999-2000 and 2009-2010. The aim of this study was to determine nationally representative estimates for plasma TFA concentrations in children in the U.S. population.Methods: We used the CDC isotope dilution-gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (ID-GC-NCI-MS) method to quantitate four major TFA, palmitelaidic acid, elaidic acid, trans-vaccenic acid, and linoelaidic acid, in a nationally representative group of children in the U.S. population using NHANES samples. TFA were derivatized with pentafluorobenzyl-bromide and analyzed by GC-MS in selected ion monitoring mode using NCI with methane reagent gas. Separation was carried out on a Select FAME 200 m column with hydrogen carrier gas. The TFA limits of detection ranged from 0.02 μM to 0.43 μM. The intraday and inter-day percent coefficients of variation ranged from 1-11%CV and 6-15%CV respectively. The mean accuracy for all four TFA was 102% (95%CI: 98%-107%).Results: The TFA were measured in 916 participants (age: 6-19 years) from NHANES 1999-2000 and 1718 participants (age: 3-19 years) from NHANES 2009-2010, and were detected in all samples. Geometric means for the sum of the 4 TFAs were 80.7 μmol/l (95% CI: 74.6-87.3 μmol/L) and 30.6 μmol/l (95% CI: 29.0-32.3 μmol/L) in the NHANES 1999-2000 and 2009-2010, respectively. Overall TFA concentrations were 62% lower in NHANES 2009-2010 compared to 1999-2000.Conclusions: TFA levels in children in the U.S. population are notably lower in NHANES 2009-2010 compared to NHANES 1999-2000 suggesting an overall reduction of TFA levels in children.Funding Sources: N/A

P04-073-20 Association Between Municipal Food Policy Councils and Local Policies that Support Healthy Eating: A National Survey of Community Policy Supports 1340844 Stephen Onufrak Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Samantha Lange CDC DNPAO Larissa Calancie Tufts University Katherine Reddy CDC DNPAO Anne Palmer Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future Amy Warnock CDC DNPAO Association Between Municipal Food Policy Councils and Local Policies that Support Healthy Eating: A National Survey of Community Policy Supports Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Community efforts to improve access to nutritious foods are one strategy to reduce food insecurity, promote healthy eating, and prevent diet-related chronic diseases. Food policy councils (FPCs) can facilitate relationships between food systems players and implementation of local policy efforts to increase access to healthier foods. This study examined associations between FPCs with local policy supports for healthy food access.Methods: We used data from CDC’s 2014 National Survey of Community-Based Policy and Environmental Supports for Healthy Eating and Active Living, a nationally representative survey of U.S. municipalities with population ≥ 1,000 (n=2,029). We calculated the prevalence of FPCs, overall and by municipal characteristics including population size, census region, rural/urban status, poverty prevalence, median education level, and racial/ethnic composition. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine cross-sectional associations between FPCs and four types of supports for healthy food access (approaches to help open or improve food stores; practices to support farmers markets; transportation-related supports; and community planning documents).Results: Overall, 7.6% of municipalities reported having a local or regional FPC. FPCs were reported more frequently among larger municipalities with ≥50,000 people (29.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 21.6-36.8) compared to smaller municipalities (4.3% for Conclusions: Although FPCs are uncommon, municipalities that reported having a local or regional FPC were more likely to report having policy supports for healthy food access for their residents.Funding Sources: Funding was solely for author’s time from their institutions.

P04-077-20 Association of Walnut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality and Life Expectancy in U.S. Women and Men 1341138 Xiaoran Liu Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Marta Liu Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Deirdre Liu Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Yanping Li Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Association of Walnut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality and Life Expectancy in U.S. Women and Men Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: We aim to 1) examine the association between walnut consumption and subsequent total and cause-specific mortality; 2) to estimate life expectancy that would be potentially gained by varying intake of walnuts in U.S. women and men.Methods: Walnut consumption was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires in 1998 (baseline year) and updated every 4 years. We included data from 68,308 women of the Nurses’ Health Study (1998-2016) and 26,760 men of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1998-2016) who were free of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline. We used Cox regression models adjusting for confounders to estimate mortality risk associated with walnut consumption stratified by sex and dietary quality. We used population based multistate life tables to calculate the differences in life expectancy and years lived in relation to walnut consumption.Results: During up to 18 years of follow-up, we documented 30,502 deaths from any cause. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for total mortality across categories of walnut intake (servings/week), as compared to non-consumers, were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89-0.94), for =5 servings/week (P for trend Conclusions: Higher walnut consumption was associated with lower risk for total mortality and longer estimated life expectancy among U.S. men and women of two prospective cohort studies. Our results provide evidence on the potential role of walnut in the prevention of premature death.Funding Sources: UM1 CA186107, UM1 CA176726, UM1 CA167552 Y.L. was partly funded by the California Walnut Commission. The funders have no roles in the design and conduct of the study.

P04-082-20 Food Insecurity and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in Mexican Women from Sinaloa 1340406 Liliana Lopez-Gambino Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Monica-L Castro-Acosta Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Elia Zepeda-Gomez Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Elena Angulo-Leyva Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Paola Galindo Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Food Insecurity and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in Mexican Women from Sinaloa Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To investigate the association between food security levels and nutritional indicators of cardiometabolic disease risk (anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical) in vulnerable women from Culiacan, Sinaloa.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were adult females from Sinaloa, Mexico. Questionnaires applied included socio-demographic characteristics, the Mexican Food Security Scale, a 24-h dietary recall, and personal and family medical history. Anthropometric indicators included BMI, waist circumference and body fat percentage. Clinical and biochemical indicators were blood pressure and postprandial capillary blood glucose, respectively. Associations between food security levels and risk factors were assessed using Mann-Whitney U test and t student test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. Data is presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR).Results: One hundred and seventy five women aged: 46.2 ± 15.9 y; and BMI: 29.8 ± 6.8 k/m2, participated in this study. Energy intake was 1,586 kcal (1149, 2147 kcal). The prevalence of food security (FS) was 51%, whereas 49% of the population reported some level of food insecurity (FI); 26% mild insecurity, 12% moderate insecurity and 11% severe insecurity. There were no differences between groups (FS vs. FI) for age, BMI and energy intake. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 76% and median body fat-mass was 37%; differences between groups on waist circumference showed a trend towards an increased risk in the FI group; FS: 91.3 ± 15.3 cm, FI: 95.6 ± 13.9 cm (P=0.055). Postprandial capillary blood glucose was not significantly different between groups; FS: 120 (105, 139) mg/dL and FI: 125 (107, 145) mg/dL, however 56% of women in the FI group categorized under risk of postprandial hyperglycemia compared to 44% in the FS group (P=0.168). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were no different between groups, nevertheless when comparing classification of hypertension, there was a higher prevalence in the FI group than in the FS; 61 and 39 %, respectively.Conclusions: Women with FI tended to have higher risk of cardiometabolic disease.Funding Sources: UAS

P04-083-20 An Unsupervised Machine-Learning Approach to Characterize Ultra-Processed Food Consumers: Results from the NHANES 2015-2015 Survey Cycle 1341830 Dario Gregori University of Padova Giulia Lorenzoni Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health - Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences Danila Azzolina Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health - Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences; Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy Marco Silano Italian National Institute of Health An Unsupervised Machine-Learning Approach to Characterize Ultra-Processed Food Consumers: Results from the NHANES 2015-2015 Survey Cycle Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) has been suggested to be associated with adverse health outcomes. Understanding factors that affect the consumption of UPF is relevant from the public health perspective in order to develop ad hoc public health strategies facing UPF consumption. The present study aimed at assessing the contribution of demographic and socio-economic data in characterizing UPF consumers using the NHANES 2015-2016 survey cycle data.Methods: Demographic and socio-economic data reported in the interview by NHANES 2015-2016 adult participants (age > 18 years) were considered in the analysis. All the foods reported in the interview were classified to be or not UPF according to the NOVA classification. The consumption of UPF was assessed using dietary data for day 1 interview and it was reported as percentage of total energy intake. Subjects were classified by the percentage of UPF energy intake (less or more than 50% of total energy intake). A Factor Analysis for Mixed Data (FAMD) was run on subjects with an UPF intake that was above the 50% of total energy intake using the demographic and socio-economic data as explanatory variables.Results: Analyses were performed on 5266 survey participants that were found to be UPF consumers; of these, 2669 had an UPF intake above the 50% of the total energy intake. The results of the FAMD showed that the first three latent dimensions identified explained the 67.5% of overall data space. The main contributors of the first latent dimension were the family income (32.14%), the ratio of family income to poverty (31.67%), and the annual household income (27.36%). The factors that contributed the most to identify the second latent dimension were the number of people in the household (37.57%), the number of children aged 6-17 years old and of preschoolers living in the household (24.84% and 17.52%, respectively).Conclusions: Among the factors considered, those related to the socio-economic characteristics were found to contribute the most in characterizing UPF consumers. Such results suggest that UPF consumption could be affected by socio-economic status that should be taken into account in the set-up of public health intervention strategies facing UPF consumption.Funding Sources: University of Padova

P04-085-20 Sustainability of the Effectiveness of Complementary Feeding and Learning Session in Improving Nutrition Status and Feeding Practices of Children in Malawi-RCT 1340737 Elisabeth Mamani University of Malawi, College of Medicine Sustainability of the Effectiveness of Complementary Feeding and Learning Session in Improving Nutrition Status and Feeding Practices of Children in Malawi-RCT Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To estimate the proportion of children aged 6 to 9 months who met the minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency between children in CCFLS group versus children in GMP and compare their anthropometric indices 6 months post-intervention in Thyolo district.Methods: Children age 6 to 9 months from Thyolo district, Nchiramwera area were individually randomised into intervention or control arm of the study. Caregivers of children in the intervention arm received CCFLS sessions while those in control arm attended standard growth monitoring promotion sessions (GMP) at their nearest facility. Data on feeding practices were collected at baseline and after six months. Furthermore, data on anthropometric indices were collected monthly for six months. CCFLS vs control group comparisons of baseline-end-line change in proportions of achieving minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and frequency (MDF) were done. Additionally, both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to determine the effect of CCFLS on improving MDD and MDF at six months follow up. Student’s t-test was used to compare the mean six months change in anthropometric indices in the CCFLS group to the control group.Results: A cohort of 168 children were randomised; 84 in the CCFLS arm and 84 in the GMP arm. There was strong evidence of an association between receiving the CCFLS intervention and achieving MDD. Adjusting for the baseline MMD proportion the children that had CCFLS had a nearly 12 times higher odds of achieving MDD compared to controls, AOR (95% C.I.) 12.43 (5.39 -28.67 p valueConclusions: Impact of CCFLS in improving MDD and weight gain is sustained post intervention, at least in the short term of 6 months follow up.Funding Sources: Malawi Government; Ministry of Education Science and Technology

P04-088-20 Prevalence and Correlates of Food Insecurity in Latino Farm Worker Households in California’s Central Valley 1341190 Susana Matias University of California, Berkeley Maria Marois University of California, Davis Marc Schenker University of California, Davis Prevalence and Correlates of Food Insecurity in Latino Farm Worker Households in California’s Central Valley Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The twofold objective of the study was to assess the burden of food insecurity in Latino farm worker households and to identify its correlates in this population.Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using data from the Mexican Immigration to California: Agricultural Safety and Acculturation (MICASA) study, a cohort of Latino farm workers residing in Mendota, California. Interview data from a follow up assessment (when food security was first assessed), and clinical data from a sub-study conducted around the same time were analyzed. Food security was assessed using the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-Item Short Form, but only asked to female participants (n=346). Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was measured based on direct weight and height measurements. Abdominal fat was categorized as normal vs high risk (waist circumference >35 inches). Blood pressure was assessed based on two consecutive measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and categorized as normal, elevated or high blood pressure. Depression was measured using a short version of the CES-D scale; a score of ≥10 was used as indication of depressive symptoms. Sociodemographic and acculturation data were also collected. We conducted bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression, considering the study survey design.Results: Fifty five percent of respondents were food secure, while 45% reported food insecurity (39% without hunger and 6% with hunger). In bivariate analysis, food insecurity was associated with income, education, age at immigration, depressive symptoms and season, but not with age, years living in the US, BMI status, blood pressure or abdominal fat. After controlling for income, education and season, those who immigrated younger than 21 y of age had lower odds of reporting food insecurity, while food insecurity was associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms.Conclusions: Food insecurity is prevalent among Latino farm worker families. Among women in these families, immigration to US at a younger age seems to protect them from suffering food insecurity, but experiencing it may be associated with poor mental health.Funding Sources: The NIOSH, the California Endowment and the UC Davis Western Center for Agricultural Health and Safety

P04-090-20 Prevalence of Food Insecurity in Collegiate Athletes Warrants Unique Solutions 1339965 Crystal Douglas The University of Texas Medical Branch Wesley Mayeux Tri-County Behavioral Healthcare Simone Camel Louisiana Tech University Prevalence of Food Insecurity in Collegiate Athletes Warrants Unique Solutions Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Food insecurity is a public health concern in the US. Collegiate student-athletes may be at increased risk due to the nutritional and physical demands of performance and, limited time for employment and food preparation/intake. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of food insecurity and its characteristics among The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes.Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of student-athletes attending a public university in rural East Texas in 2018 was conducted. A 26-item questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics and the six-item U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module (US-HFSSM), adapted to reflect the prior six months while training, was administered electronically to NCAA student-athletes. Each affirmative response to the US-HFSSM was given a score of “1” and summed to create a raw score ranging from 0-6. Participants with a score of 0-1 were considered food secure; those with a score of 2-4 (low food secure) or 5-6 (very low food secure) were considered food insecure.Results: Ninety-one student-athletes (27% response rate) representing 13 sports completed the questionnaire. Participants were 19.81 ± 1.3 years old, mostly female (85.7%), Caucasian (67%), and of normal weight (BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2; 74.7%). Nearly half (39.6%) reported food insecurity despite receiving wide-ranging assistance via scholarship support (86.1%) and/or the possession of a meal plan (42.9%). Food insecure participants reported limited money (25%) and time (19.4%) as barriers to food intake. Independent-samples t tests were conducted to compare grade point average (GPA) and BMI of food secure and food insecure groups. GPA was lower in the food insecure (M = 3.26, SD = .52) than the food secure group (M = 3.58, SD = .41); (t(63) = 3.06, p = .003) while BMI was higher in the food insecure (M = 24.05, SD = 3.56) than the food secure group (M = 22.85, SD = 2.17); (t(52) = -1.807, p =.077). Conclusions: Despite the provision of scholarships and meal plans, the prevalence of food insecurity reported among NCAA student-athletes was similar to previous reports among the general collegiate population. Unique solutions that address the increased nutrient demands and time constraints associated with sport participation are warranted.Funding Sources: N/A

P04-091-20 Feasibility of Phototherapy as a Community-Based Solution for Vitamin D Deficiency 1341521 Mary McCarthy U.S. Army Evelyn Elshaw The Geneva Foundation Barbara Szekely The Geneva Foundation Tom Beltran U.S. Army Feasibility of Phototherapy as a Community-Based Solution for Vitamin D Deficiency Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: 1. Determine acceptability and feasibility of a phototherapy kiosk designed as a self-care intervention for low vitamin D;2. Demonstrate that narrow spectrum ultraviolet (UV) B delivered by the kiosk is equivalent to recommended daily D3 supplementation to raise or maintain serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D levels at or above 30 ng/mL; and3. Examine the relationship of demographic variables, including age, gender, body mass index, physical activity, ethnicity, skin type, season, and sun exposure to serum 25(OH)D levels in both treatment arms.Methods: Participants were randomized to either the phototherapy kiosk (PK) for a treatment every other week or 600 IU D3 oral supplement (OS) daily, for 10 weeks. PK exposure was based on response to previous treatment and Fitzpatrick Skin Type category; subjects wore undergarments only and eye protection for treatments of 2-6 minutes duration. OS group received a one-time prescription of 70 capsules, dispensed by a research pharmacist. Primary outcome was serum 25(OH)D level.Results: Final sample 88 adults; OS group n=45 and PK group n=43. Demographics: median age 35 years, mostly female (66%), no difference observed between groups for age, race/ethnicity, or marital status. No difference seen in skin type, birth location, sun exposure, or use of sunscreen. OS group had higher BMI and %body fat. Baseline 25(OH)D level were similar, p = 0.25. At 12 weeks median OS 25(OH)D 25.5 ng/mL and PK 30 ng/mL; p = .01. At 16 weeks, OS group 25(OH)D level 21 ng/mL and PK 27 ng/mL; p = .04. Adherence: OS 92% vs PK 100%. There were no reportable adverse events.Conclusions: Use of PK every other week achieved higher serum levels of 25(OH)D than usual care vitamin D3 600 IU/day for 10 weeks, although both groups returned to baseline levels 30 days post-treatment. At a time when self-care measures are highly valued for health promotion, programmed UVB delivered via PK in the community appears to be a safe, efficacious alternative to oral D3 supplementation but requires recurring use. Results from this study suggest a need for early intervention in preventable health conditions impacting Warfighter performance and readiness, particularly pre-deployment when optimizing long-term wellness for duty in austere environments.Funding Sources: Benesol, Inc.

P04-092-20 Validation of a New Instrument to Measure Breastfeeding Understanding Among Adults 1341633 Erin McKinley Louisiana State University Validation of a New Instrument to Measure Breastfeeding Understanding Among Adults Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The current literature on breastfeeding understanding scales is limited and has yet to contain a scale that does not incorporate items related to breastfeeding attitude. Asking questions related to attitude may skew how an individual answers items related to knowledge. A positive or negative viewpoint of breastfeeding does not adequately reflect understanding. Knowledge and understanding should be evaluated against an individual’s level of health literacy, as that may have a strong impact on choices related to infant feeding. The aims of this study were to create, test, and validate a new scale to measure breastfeeding understanding among adults and evaluate the relationship between that and level of health literacy.Methods: A 68-item, online-platform based survey to evaluate breastfeeding knowledge, understanding, and demographics was created for this study. The 50-item scale to be validated assessed participants’ general understanding and knowledge about breastfeeding and human lactation. Health literacy was assessed using the Single-Item Literacy Screener (SILS).Results: Seven-hundred and twenty-two adults, 18 years of age or older, completed the web-based survey instrument. Construct validity was examined using an exploratory factor analysis utilizing principle axis factoring with promax rotation. This confirmed a valid (α=.953) five factor scale for knowledge and understanding of breastfeeding – The Adult Breastfeeding Understanding Scale (A-BFUS). Total A-BFUS score was significantly correlated to health literacy level (pConclusions: A measurement scale for breastfeeding knowledge that is valid for use among adults of any gender identification is vital to the creation and evaluation of breastfeeding education programs aimed at increasing general understanding. Incorporating educational efforts to improve health literacy of individuals may strengthen program success and increase positive choices related to multiple areas of health.Funding Sources: This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hatch project under XXXXXXXX.

P04-093-20 The Relationship Between Fiber Intake and Omega 3 and 6 Fatty Acid intake and Metabolic Syndrome in 4 Countries Spanning the Epidemiologic Transition 1339973 Supal Mehta Stritch School of Medicine Lara Dugas Stritch School of Medicine Amy Luke Stritch School of Medicine The Relationship Between Fiber Intake and Omega 3 and 6 Fatty Acid intake and Metabolic Syndrome in 4 Countries Spanning the Epidemiologic Transition Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Dietary modifications can be an effective therapeutic approach to prevent and manage metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to explore the association between fiber intake with metabolic syndrome and between omega 3 and 6 fatty acids with metabolic syndrome in four countries spanning the epidemiological transition. The study participants eat very different diets across the countries.Methods: Data were obtained from a cohort of 2000 adults, aged 25-45, enrolled in the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study from US, Ghana, Jamaica and Seychelles. Dietary intake was measured using two 24hr recalls and analyzed using Nutrient Data System for Research. Participants were categorized as having metabolic syndrome if they had at least three of the following condition: high triglyceride levels ( >150 mg/dL), reduced high-density lipoproteins (130/85 mmHg), increased fasting blood glucose ( >100mg/dL) and a waist circumference ( >89 cm for women and >103 cm for men). The association between fiber and metabolic syndrome was analyzed using quartiles of total, soluble, and insoluble fiber intake. The association between metabolic syndrome and the combined intake of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids was analyzed using quartiles of the omega 3 index, the sum of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and quartiles of the ratio of omega 6:3 fatty acids. Data were analyzed using logistic regressions adjusted for age, sex, calorie intake, alcohol intake and smoking status.Results: Participants with metabolic syndrome were 1.7 times (95% CI: 1.2, 2.3) as likely to be in the lowest compared to the highest quartile of total fiber intake and 1.5 times (1.1, 2.0) as likely to in the lowest quartile of insoluble fiber intake. Participants with metabolic syndrome were 1.9 times (1.3, 2.7) as likely to be in the lowest quartile of the of EPA + DHA intake. Risk of metabolic syndrome was not significantly associated with omega 6:3 ratio.Conclusions: These findings expand on prior research supporting a beneficial role for dietary fiber and omega 3 fatty acids in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome in understudied populations consuming a wide range of diets. In aggregate, these results support an important role of diet in metabolic syndrome risk regardless of population.Funding Sources: National Institute of Health Stritch School of Medicine

P04-095-20 Body Image Themes in Instagram Posts Using Hashtags #rd2be and #nursingstudent 1340409 Elizabeth Metallinos-Katsaras Simmons University Christina Chan Simmons University Basema Habash Be Well Solutions Elizabeth Siu Simmons University Body Image Themes in Instagram Posts Using Hashtags #rd2be and #nursingstudent Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Instagram is an image driven social media platform popular among young adults today. Research on young women suggests that unrealistic portrayals of female bodies may contribute to a poor body image and disordered eating behavior. Nutrition students may feel more pressure to appear thin and fit to lend credibility as a nutrition professional, putting them at higher risk for body dissatisfaction. This study assessed the frequency of body image themes in Instagram posts using the hashtag #rd2be, commonly used by dietetic students, compared to posts using the hashtag #nursingstudent, commonly used by nursing students.Methods: A content analysis was conducted on all Instagram posts from randomly selected days in September 2018 and March 2019 that included one of the focal hashtags (#rd2be or #nursingstudent) and represented weekdays and weekends. Images, captions, and other hashtags were reviewed for body image aspects which included body type portrayed in images (thin, average, overweight, fit) and messages in captions and hashtags related to body dissatisfaction (weight, fatness, and muscle) and overall body acceptance. Chi-square was used to test differences in the prevalence of body image attributes between posts using the two hashtags.Results: A total 2924 posts were reviewed (1204 with #rd2be and 1720 with #nursingstudent). Body image-related attributes were found in 11.4% of total posts and the prevalence differed between #rd2be posts (22.7%) and #nursingstudent posts (3.5%; pConclusions: Findings suggest that while dietetics students may be more mindful of body image issues than nursing students, nutrition students overall may have a higher degree of body satisfaction. Further research is needed to explore possible connections with disordered eating practices.Funding Sources: No funding sources

P04-096-20 Dietary Behaviors, Diet Quality, and Obesity among Children from Low-Income Households by Gender of Caregiver and Child: Results from the 2018 California Family Health Study 1340750 Fred Molitor California State University Sacramento Celeste Doerr Public Health Institute Dietary Behaviors, Diet Quality, and Obesity among Children from Low-Income Households by Gender of Caregiver and Child: Results from the 2018 California Family Health Study Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To examine dietary behaviors, diet quality, and childhood obesity by caregiver and child gender.Methods: Permission to interview 2,242 children (5-12 y) from randomly-sampled low-income (≤185% of the federal poverty level) households across California was obtained from male or female caregivers screened as the person who “assumes the responsibility in caring for the health and well-being of the child(ren).” A caregiver was further defined as “the male (or female) who prepares the meals or buys food for the child(ren).” Bilingual interviewers administered a 24-hour dietary recall assessment (ASA-24) while referencing a pictorial food and beverage portion-size booklet and measuring cups and spoons. Prior to the interviews, households also received a tape measure with instructions for recording children’s height. Height and weight were recorded during the interviews. BMI-for-age weight categories and the corresponding percentiles were calculated. Children at or above the 95th percentile were classified as obese. Outcomes were compared across four caregiver by child gender dyads: daughters of male caregivers; sons of male caregivers; daughters of female caregivers; and sons of male caregivers. Analyses controlled for children’s race/ethnicity and age.Results: The majority (68.5%) of children participating in the survey were Latino. Adjusted analyses found female caregivers’ sons consumed more teaspoons of added sugar and had higher food-only energy density scores than female caregivers’ daughters. Kilocalories consumed and the obesity rate for female caregivers’ sons were higher than for the other family dyads.Conclusions: Unique to the existing literature is our between-family comparisons of children’s dietary behaviors by caregiver gender and our findings that female caregivers’ sons are more likely to be obese and report related unhealthful dietary behaviors compared with female caregivers’ daughters. These findings suggest that the focus on female caregivers for nutrition and obesity prevention public health programs such as SNAP-Ed is warranted, but highlight the need to consider the gender of their children when designing and implementing interventions and services aimed a low-income families.Funding Sources: California Department of Social Services

P04-097-20 Low Food Security Present on Texas College Campuses Despite High Nutrition Literacy 1339825 Carolyn Moore Texas Woman's University, Houston Kathleen Davis Texas Woman's University, Denton Wanyi Wang Texas Woman's University, Houston Low Food Security Present on Texas College Campuses Despite High Nutrition Literacy Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The relationship between student food security and nutrition literacy on college campuses has not been explored previously. Objectives of this study were to assess the relationship between student food security and nutrition literacy, and to explore associations of food security and nutrition literacy with demographic characteristics of college students.Methods: An online survey tool in Psych Data was used to assess food security and nutrition literacy of students (n=672) on the three Texas Woman’s University (TWU) campuses. The USDA Six-Item Short Form assessed food security and nutrition literacy questions were derived from a large valid and reliable assessment instrument. Cross tabulations using Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact test were used to explore the relationship among demographics, food security levels, and nutrition literacy. All analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics v25, with significance set as pResults: Students (n=672) from all three campuses participated in the survey and 88.4% were females. The total prevalence of food insecurity (low and very low food security) was high across all campuses: Denton (47.3%), Dallas (36.1%), and Houston (45.9%). Significant differences in the degree of food security existed when the three campuses were compared (p = 0.001). The highest percentage of very low food security existed among black (30%) and freshman (32.7%) students. The overall likelihood of adequate nutrition literacy among students was high (90.0%) with white students (95.7%) being more likely to have adequate nutrition literacy compared to other races/ethnicities (pConclusions: Food insecurity undermines educational success of students. Targeted measures to address the crisis of food security on college campuses must also address disparities by race and student class. Universities and colleges must consider creative, sustainable solutions to help improve student food security.Funding Sources: Internally funded by Texas Woman's University

P04-098-20 Differences in Underlying Causes of Infant Malnutrition Between a Pastoral and an Agro Pastoral Community in Ethiopia 1341495 Ana Moyeda Carabaza Texas Tech University John Dawson Texas Tech University Mary Murimi Texas Tech University Differences in Underlying Causes of Infant Malnutrition Between a Pastoral and an Agro Pastoral Community in Ethiopia Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To determine the difference in underlying factors related to child nutritional status between pastoral and agro pastoral based communities in Ethiopia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two rural pastoral communities located in the Somali region and agro pastoral community located in Southern Nations. Pairs of mothers and their infants aged 6 to 52 months were randomly selected to participate in the survey. Data was collected using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, Dietary Diversity, and Sanitation for Household Survey. Anthropometric measurements taken included height, length, and weight using WHO Anthro version 3.2.2. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences between communities. Logistic regression were used to analyze factors that contributed to infant health status.Results: A total of 232 participants from both communities completed the survey. The agro pastoral community reported a higher food insecurity rate at 87% than the pastoral community at 70%. The prevalence of women not achieving the minimum dietary diversity was significantly higher in the pastoral community than the agro pastoral community (94% vs 68%, PConclusions: Even though the prevalence of food insecurity was higher in the agro pastoral community than the pastoral community, they had lower rates of infant malnutrition. In contrast, although the pastoral community reported a lower rate of food insecurity, they had higher rates of child wasting and underweight, reported low dietary diversity, and poor hygiene practices. Based on these findings, dietary diversity and environmental sanitation may be protective of child wasting and underweight over and above food insecurity.Funding Sources: Feed the Future Livestock Systems Innovation Lab (LSIL)

P04-099-20 The Relationship Between the Frequency of Meals Consumed Away-From-Home on the Total Diet Quality and Weight Status 1341497 Ana Moyeda Carabaza Texas Tech University Phrashiah Githinji Texas Tech University Bong Nguyen Texas Tech University Mary Murimi Texas Tech University The Relationship Between the Frequency of Meals Consumed Away-From-Home on the Total Diet Quality and Weight Status Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To assess factors that contribute to the total diet quality and the associated body mass index (BMI) among adults.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess dietary quality using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 among faculty and staff (N=152) of a public university. The Food Frequency Questionnaire from the Health and Retirement Study was administered via Qualtrics. Dietary quality was determined using the HEI-2015. Weight, height, number of meals consumed away-from-home per week were self-reported. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic characteristics, number of meals consumed away-from-home, dietary intake, and associated HEI score was calculated. Linear regression models were used to measure associations between the total diet quality, nutrient intakes and the number of away-from-home meals consumed with BMI.Results: The average age of participants was 34.3 ± 12.3 years. A majority were female and white Americans (74.3%) and had post-secondary education (79.6%). Approximately, one-third of participants (32.2%) reported having a BMI equal or greater than 30 kg/m2. More than half of the participants exceeded the recommended limit for the consumption of saturated fats (69.7%), and sodium (52.6%); and a majority did not meet the minimum recommended intakes of dietary fiber (96.1%). The average HEI score was 66.34 on a 100-point scale. Only 14.5% had a good dietary quality with a HEI score equal or higher than 80. The number of away-from-home meals consumed per week were associated with an increased intake of trans fatty acids (PConclusions: This study found that a high percentage of participants had a low diet quality that was characterized by excessive intake of both saturated fats and sodium and inadequate intake of dietary fiber. In addition, the consumption of meals away-from-home was associated with an increase in the amount of trans fatty acids consumed. Concurrently, the consumption of trans fatty acids was associated with an increase in BMI. These results underscore the importance of eating meals prepared at home in an effort to control weight gain.Funding Sources: TTU Transdisciplinary Research Academy

P04-100-20 Identifying Barriers and Enablers to Exclusive Breastfeeding in Mwenezi and Chiredzi Districts, Zimbabwe 1340106 Gugulethu Moyo Texas Tech University Tapiwa Magaisa Nutrition Action Zimbabwe Arthur Pagiwa Food and Nutrition Policy Research Institute Rutendo Kandawasvika Nutrition Action Zimbabwe Loveness Nyanga University of Zimbabwe Zephania Gomora UNICEF Wilna Oldewage-Theron Texas Tech University Identifying Barriers and Enablers to Exclusive Breastfeeding in Mwenezi and Chiredzi Districts, Zimbabwe Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To build an understanding of factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding practices (EBF) of lactating mothers which will contribute to the development a behavior change intervention targeting mothers in households with children 0-6 months in Mwenezi and Chiredzi districts of Zimbabwe.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in May 2018 according to the protocol laid out in United States Agency for International Development (USAID)’s “A Practical Guide to Conducting a Barrier Analysis.” It was carried out in four administrative wards in Mwenezi district and six in Chiredzi district. The behavior under study was “Mothers of children ages 0 – 6 months feed them only breast milk.” Structured in-depth interviews were administered to a total of 90 mothers with children aged 0-6 months, targeting 45 doers and 45 non-doers for the behavior, as part of formative research for the development of a social behavior change intervention. Perceived self-efficacy, social-cultural norms, perceived positive-negative consequences, cues for action and community rules and laws were identified. Qualitative analysis included coding, sorting and identifying themes.Results: Barriers to EBF included high labor burden, perceived milk insufficiency and influence from mother-in-law. The main enablers were spousal support with chores and information from nurses. Mothers said that other factors that made EBF easier were a desire to have a healthy baby, feeling that breastmilk was enough to satisfy the baby and family support, while breast pain, and needing to give the baby water and other concoctions due to the heat or religious practices made it difficult. Some mothers felt that the negative consequences of breastfeeding were that it is time-consuming, increases workload and increases the risk of HIV transmission.Conclusions: High labor burden, limited support with chores, in-law influence and perceived milk insufficiency impeded optimal EBF. Approval from in-laws and spouses was important in EBF. These findings were used to develop a social behavior change program that is currently being implemented in Zimbabwe, targeting pregnant and lactating women and key influencers such as mothers-in-law and spouses.Funding Sources: The funding for the barrier analysis study was provided by the European Union through United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).

P04-104-20 Determinants of Intentions to Adopt Healthy Dietary Behaviors Among University Students: A Theory-Based Approach 1341503 Bong Nguyen Texas Tech University Ana Moyeda Carabaza Texas Tech University Xu Li South Dakota State University Faith Bala Texas Tech University Phrashiah Githinji Texas Tech University Determinants of Intentions to Adopt Healthy Dietary Behaviors Among University Students: A Theory-Based Approach Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore personal, environmental, and behavioral factors that lead to intentions to adopt healthy dietary behaviors among university students aged 18-36 years.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 520 university students completed an online questionnaire, which was developed based on the Social Cognitive Theory, with some elements of the Theory of Planned Behavior. The questionnaire comprised personal, behavioral, and environmental factors, such as previous exposure to nutrition, media, modeling from parents and peers, as well as barriers, attitudes, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations, that may influence intentions to adopt healthy eating behaviors. Relationships between factors that may influence behavior intentions and the intentions were examined using multivariate linear regression.Results: Out of the total 520 students, majority of the participants were women (69.6%) and Caucasian (54.4%). Social media and the Internet were reported as the main influencers of food choices by majority of the participants (73.9%). Results of this study showed that self-efficacy and media were significantly important factors on forming intentions to adopt healthy eating behaviors (p Conclusions: The results of this study underscore the importance of media influence, self-efficacy, and modeling from parents and friends, as direct predictors of healthy eating behaviors among college students. The findings also emphasize the role of nutrition exposure in influencing self-efficacy and positive attitudes towards intentions to practice healthy eating behaviors.Funding Sources: None

P04-107-20 Perceptions of Dietary Acculturation Among Mexican Immigrant Women Residing in a Southwestern US Metropolitan Area 1341769 Berenice Ochoa Nogales Arizona State University Juana Meléndez Torres Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo Adriana Verdezoto Alvarado Arizona State University Sonia Vega-López Arizona State University Perceptions of Dietary Acculturation Among Mexican Immigrant Women Residing in a Southwestern US Metropolitan Area Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Dietary acculturation consists of adopting food culture after migration to a host country. The purpose of this study was to describe how Mexican-born women perceive factors which contributed to their changes in dietary habits after migrating to the United States (US).Methods: Fifteen self-identified Mexican women (41±7 years old) residing in a Southwestern US metropolitan area and who had lived in the US for >1 year participated in semi-structured interviews conducted in Spanish. Interview guides, developed from a constructivist perspective, asked about the US food culture, changes in dietary habits, loss or maintenance of native food culture, and the incorporation of elements of the new food culture. Interview audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed based on pre-established theoretical categories using MAXQDA 2018.Results: Half of the participants worked full time (53%) and had a household income of less than $2,000/month (53%). When comparing the US food culture to that of Mexico, the majority of participants perceived greater availability and access to fast food (n=9). Some participants identified feeling pressure for purchasing larger amounts of food to save money (n=2). Only one participant associated high intake of fresh and nutritious food with the US food culture. Some participants perceived having more competing demands for time, resulting in not having enough time to prepare household meals (n=3). Women referred to having maintained the consumption of meat, multiple ingredients (e.g. tortillas, limes, chili peppers), and products of Mexican traditional cuisine (n=15), but having lost flavors (n=11), commensality (n=8), ways of preparation (n=7), food freshness (n=3) and smells (n=1). Even though vegetables and trendy-health products were reported as newly incorporated elements in the diet (n=7), participants also reported the incorporation of frozen (n=2) and pre-cooked products (n=2), which they considered are characteristic from the US diet.Conclusions: Findings suggest that dietary acculturation among Mexican immigrant women is a complex process. This points to the importance of considering the cultural aspects of diet when designing strategies to improve diet and health for this group.Funding Sources: CONACYT, Mexico and Program for Transborder Communities

P04-108-20 Low-Income Mothers' Use of Technology to Find Nutrition Information: A Qualitative Study 1341803 Elizabeth Chitwood University of Wisconsin-Madison Beth Olson University of Wisconsin-Madison Alexandra Macmillan Uribe Cornell University Low-Income Mothers' Use of Technology to Find Nutrition Information: A Qualitative Study Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Pregnant and breastfeeding women are motivated to improve their diets for the health of their infants, but have difficulty maintaining changes postpartum or post-breastfeeding. Tailoring nutrition education to the mother-infant dyad versus individually, and providing mothers with information on the continued connection between them and their infants, may be effective at promoting healthful behaviors for both. However, low-income mothers report barriers to in-person education; technology may therefore help reach this audience. The objective of this study was to explore the receptivity of low-income mothers to the use of technology in providing nutrition education for themselves, their infants and families.Methods: Women with a child Results: African American, Hispanic and White (N=13) women participated in 4 mixed groups. Overarching themes developed from the data are (1) Prioritization: Women seek health information (from any source) for their infants and family, not themselves; (2) Context: Women accept nutrition information from health professionals, but seek to make it relevant to their lives through social networks, both personal and online; (3) Online Usage: Women seek nutrition information online in the same manner they do with other topics, including the platforms used (social media), at the time information is needed, and valuing resources they consider appropriate to their individual needs and their culture, values and lifestyles. Health professional sources online are not prioritized.Conclusions: Online resources are currently used by low-income mothers as support for implementing nutrition information. Making use of this technology to provide education that is relevant, but also-evidence based, is needed.Funding Sources: NIFA USDA Hatch Grant

P04-109-20 Food Resource Awareness and Information Sharing Among College Students at High Risk of Food Insecurity 1339963 Francisco Ortiz University of California, Merced Sigry Ortiz Flores University of California, Merced Elizabeth Rodriguez Cruz University of California, Merced, Office of Leadership, Service and Career Bavneet Kaur Office of Leadership, Service and Career Kristin Hlubik University of California, Merced, Health Promotions L. Karina Diaz Rios University of California, Merced, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Food Resource Awareness and Information Sharing Among College Students at High Risk of Food Insecurity Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To identify information dissemination needs around food resources available through the university as informed by student representing groups at risk of food insecurity.Methods: Eight focus groups with 17 leaders of student organizations representing students at high risk of food insecurity (ie, underrepresented minorities, first generation college students, low income, foster youth, and LGBTQA+) were conducted. Students’ experiences and views regarding awareness of available food resources, barriers and facilitators to obtain information on resources, and group-specific needs to improve communication of available resources was gathered. A codebook was developed and used for inductive analysis of interview data. Deductive thematic analysis was done by engaging in extensive commentary and discussion of the code structure.Results: Awareness of resources available on campus was low, especially regarding guidance on SNAP application. Although students were able to name a few available resources, they often described inaccurate details. Social networks (ie, social media, direct peer-to-peer communication) were prominently identified as relevant means to share on campus food resource information. Students often recommended coordinated marketing strategies (eg, flyers, social media presence) and direct outreach via clubs/organizations as solutions to improve resource communication. Students preferred means to receive information on how to improve food security included online content (eg, videos, mobile apps) and in person events (eg, interactive demonstrations).Conclusions: Comprehensive dissemination of available resources through relevant channels is key to improving food access, particularly among students at high risk of food insecurity. Promising dissemination strategies include direct outreach in student clubs/organizations combined with well-coordinated marketing campaigns that include a broad social media presence and online content. Funding Sources: This research is being supported by the Blum Center for Developing Economies, University of California, Merced; and the Global Food Initiative, University of California Office of the President.

P04-110-20 Puplic Health Implications of Pesticide Residues in Irish Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) from Jos Nigeria 1341245 Grace Taiwo Otitoju Federal University Wukari Taraba State, Nigeria Olawale Otitoju Federal University Wukari Puplic Health Implications of Pesticide Residues in Irish Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) from Jos Nigeria Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: There is a growing public health concern on the indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture among farmers from developing countries including Nigeria. The presence of pesticide residues in food samples may pose a deleterious effect on food safety and consequently compromise the health of consumers especially children, elderly, and pregnant women. The estimation of pesticides residues via dietary intake constitutes a vital integral part of regulatory processes that seeks to preserve public health. This study is therefore focused on the estimation of some pesticide residues in samples of Irish potatoes collected from Jos Nigeria.Methods: The samples were collected from five different markets in Jos Plateau State Nigeria. All the samples were transported to the Central Research Laboratory, Ilorin, Nigeria. The pesticide residue analysis was carried out using GC/MS after sample extraction, filtration and Concentration. After the analysis was carried out, the result obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) statistical software (version 21) after which the Mean, Standard deviations and ANOVA (Analysis of variance) were calculated.Results: The result shows that 17 different pesticide residues were identified with ten (10) organochlorines, two (2) organophosphates, one (1) thiocarbamate, one (1) benzamide and two (2) of them were unclassified. The concentration of these pesticides were determined which was then used to determine the estimated daily intake. The ADI and MRL for each pesticide was sought for and the health risk was also evaluated. With the results obtained, it was noticed that most of these pesticides usually exceed their ADI and MRL which then makes them hazardous to the human health. Considering the health risk index of consumers Aldrin, Heptachlor, Mecarbem and Dieldrin proved to be very hazardous (p >1).Conclusions: These pesticides can cause harmful effects on the food commodities which ultimately cause a damaging impact on the health of human. To guarantee food safety, continuous monitoring is recommended for pesticide residues in Irish potatoes.Funding Sources: Self-sponsored

P04-112-20 Group Activities Designed for Geriatric Nutrition at Community Centers Improve Frailty in Older Adults: A Place-Randomized Controlled Trial 1341660 Wen-Harn Pan Academia Sinica Szu-Yun Wu Academia Sinica Group Activities Designed for Geriatric Nutrition at Community Centers Improve Frailty in Older Adults: A Place-Randomized Controlled Trial Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Recent interventional studies have shown that frailty can be improved by modifying dietary quality. In this study, we developed a set of nutrition-centric health promotion activities for elderly participants of the community care centers and examined the efficacy of these activities on slowing down the development or regression of frailty.Methods: This cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted between 09/2018 and 12/2019 at 13 communities in Taipei, Taiwan. Seven communities (124 subjects) was randomly assigned into the control group (1 hour exercise per week for 3 months) and another 6 (95 subjects) was in the intervention group (the exercise program + nutrition grouped activities, 1 hour per week for 3 months). The intervention programs included: (a) training on-site staffs to use motivational interview technique to communicate, to estimate participant’s energy requirement, and to learn how to provide proper amounts of foods to individual elderlies, (b) nutrition grouped activities on ①know my plate, ②wholegrains, ③ drinking teas with dairy, and nuts, ④novel ways to eat fruit and vegetables, ⑤healthy breakfast ideas. In the first month, we intervened with the activities laid out above; in the second month, we conducted a qualitative discussion on elders’ dietary changes; in the third month, we designed activities that helped break down barriers in order to establish long-term change in dietary habits. Improvement in frailty scores was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included nutritional status, physical performance, and mental health. The measurements were performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.Results: Overall, 190 subjects completed the trial. At post-intervention, the intervention group exhibited borderline significant improvements in the frailty scores (p=0.08) compared to the control. Significant improvements were also observed for grip strength (p=0.04), working memory (p=0.02), intakes of whole grains (p=0.01) and dairy (pConclusions: Group activities designed for improving geriatric nutrition in community centers showed its efficacy to improve frailty score, handgrip strength, working memory, blood pressure and dietary quality.Funding Sources: Health Promotion Agency; Academia Sinica

P04-113-20 Generational Differences in Food Perception and the Risk of Chronic Disease Among Jamaican Immigrant Families Living in New York City 1341911 Patricia Pauyo Brooklyn College Margrethe Horlyck-Romanovsky Brooklyn College Naudia Jones Brooklyn College Generational Differences in Food Perception and the Risk of Chronic Disease Among Jamaican Immigrant Families Living in New York City Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: A Quarter of all US-based Jamaicans live in New York City (NYC) (N=178,750). Compared to African Americans, Black Caribbeans experience lower rates of obesity (36% vs. 29%) and hypertension (38% vs 35%), but similar rates of diabetes (13% vs. 15%). Little is known about how diet and acculturation affect risk of chronic disease among Jamaican immigrants of different age groups. The aims of this study were to identify among three generations of Jamaicans living in NYC: a) how food experiences influence food perceptions and dietary behaviors; and b) how acculturation, social norms, socio-economic status and trans-national movements affect diet and risk of chronic disease.Methods: Group and individual interviews with youth (n=10), parents (n=6) and grandparents (n=8) used open-ended questions, were recorded and lasted 45- 90 min. Participants received $20 gift cards as incentives. Recordings were transcribed, and analyzed using Dedoose 7.0.Results: Three major themes emerged: Food perceptions and the concept of clean food impelled participants from all generations to consume a healthier diet consisting of more fresh fruits and vegetables and less processed foods. Among youth, remote acculturation to the US culture and global foods made it more acceptable to replace traditional home cooked foods with processed foods. Third, acculturation provided older Jamaican immigrants with easier access to healthcare and health education. The health advice provided by doctors, dietitians and other healthcare professionals was well respected and older Jamaicans reported high levels of compliance.Conclusions: Among youth, early exposure to US culture and foods while living in Jamaica may increase future risk of chronic disease by making it more acceptable to replace cultural foods with American foods. Food perceptions and the concept of clean food play an important role in the way that Jamaicans of all ages think about, purchase and eat food. Truly valuing fruits and vegetables made adult Jamaican immigrants more receptive to health education and more likely to lower their risk of chronic disease.Funding Sources: CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, Dean’s Dissertation Grant (Dissertation research support for author Horlyck-Romanovsky)

P04-114-20 Comparison Between Total Energy Intake and Screen Time Among U.S Children Based on NHANES 2015-2016 Data 1340115 Isabella Penso Florida International University Alejandra Luna Florida International University Adriana Campa Florida International University Cristina Palacios Florida International University Comparison Between Total Energy Intake and Screen Time Among U.S Children Based on NHANES 2015-2016 Data Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Childhood obesity is a multifactorial condition related to energy intake and decreased energy expenditure. Increased screen time as television, computers, tablets, and video games may be contributing to the rates of overweight and obesity in the United States. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention recommend that children aged 3-5 years should spend up to 1 hour as screen time and older children up to 2 hours per day. Exceeding screen time recommendations may be related to overweight and obesity due to an increased consumption of sugar, fats, and highly advertised food products and to a lower energy expenditure. Our objectives were to compare total energy intake between children that comply or not with recommendations for screen time.Methods: This was an analysis of data from NHANES 2015-2016. Responses on the average of hours spent daily as screen time from television (TV), video watching, and computer use were analyzed and compared with the mean energy intake obtained from two 24-h dietary recalls. The sample was divided into two age groups following the recommendations for screen time: 3-5 y and 6-14 y. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with Bonferroni post-hoc stratified by gender only for 6-14 y.Results: A total of 1,936 participants aged 3-14 y had complete data and were included in the analysis. Reported mean screen time was 5.48±3.91h in children 3-5 y and 4.98±3.48h in 6-14 y. Most did not meet the recommendations for screen time (87.6% in 3-5 y and 71.2% in 6-14 y). Girls aged 6-14 y who met the recommended screen time (≤ 2h) had significantly lower mean energy intake (1733±534.18 kcal/d) compared to those that spent between 4-8h (1908±809 kcal/d; pConclusions: Most of the children did not meet the recommendations for screen time. In girls aged 6-14 years, the length of screen time was associated with total calories consumed. This association might be explained by the high frequency of high calorie-dense foods advertised on television and the internet, which may influence food choices or by less energy expenditure with the long hours of sedentary viewing. This needs to be confirmed in future studies.Funding Sources: Internal funds from Florida International University

P04-115-20 Elementary and Middle School-Aged Students with Longer Seated Lunch Time Eat More Fruits and Vegetables 1341023 Melissa Pflugh Prescott University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Xanna Burg University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Jesscia Jarick Metcalfe University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Brenna Ellison University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Elementary and Middle School-Aged Students with Longer Seated Lunch Time Eat More Fruits and Vegetables Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Health advocates recommend 20 minutes of seated lunch time. Yet, no federal policy ensures adequate time for school lunch across the US. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of meeting the 20-minute seated lunch time recommendation on child food consumption and waste.Methods: Using a crossover design, seated lunch time was randomly assigned each day to be either 10 or 20 minutes. Menus conformed to the National School Lunch Program nutrition standards and were matched to short and long lunch days to control for menu. Elementary and middle school-aged students attending a university summer camp participated in the study. Children could enroll in 1 to 4 weeks of the camp and had varying lengths of participation in the study. Researchers weighed individual child meals to assess consumption and waste. Mixed models assessed the differences in food consumption and waste between students with greater or less than 20 minutes of seated lunch time, accounting for repeated measures and menus.Results: A total of 38 students participated (mean: 10.9 years old, 60.5% female) and attended 6.3 study days on average. Students with less than 20 minutes of seated lunch time consumed on average 8.4% less (p=0.010) of their selected fruit and 11.5% (p=0.006) less of their selected vegetable compared to students with at least 20 minutes. For each additional minute of seated lunch time, student consumption of fruit increased on average 0.9% (p=0.003) while vegetable consumption increased on average 1.3% (p=0.001). Student consumption of entree items and milk did not significantly differ across short and long lunches.Conclusions: These findings suggest that shorter lunch periods differentially impact rates of child fruit and vegetable consumption, as compared to entree and beverage consumption. These results also support policies requiring 20 minutes of seated lunch time to improve child diet quality and reduce food waste.Funding Sources: This research was funded from a United States Department of Agriculture HATCH award.

P04-120-20 Metal Contaminants Leached by the Lucky Iron Fish When Boiled in Deionized Distilled Water 1340897 Aviva Rappaport McGill University Tim Green SAHMRI Women and Kids Theme Metal Contaminants Leached by the Lucky Iron Fish When Boiled in Deionized Distilled Water Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The Lucky Iron Fish® (LIF) is a reusable fish-shaped iron ingot that was developed to address iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in adults and young children under 5 years. The primary objective of this study was to determine the amount of iron and metals leached from the LIF.Methods: LIF produced in Cambodia, Canada, and India were obtained from the LIF company for analysis. Ingots were used for the first time in this study. All equipment was cleaned prior to use. LIF were boiled in deionized distilled water with lemon juice for 10 and 60 minutes. Water samples were sent to a commercial laboratory for analysis.Results: When boiled for 10 minutes, the Cambodia, Canada, and India LIF leached concentrations of iron greater than 68,600 ug/L. Quantities of heavy metals leached varied depending on where the ingot was manufactured. When boiled for 10 minutes, arsenic concentrations ranged from 2.5 ug/L to 4.7 ug/L in an India and Cambodia LIF. Chromium ranged from 4-80 ug/L in an India and Cambodia LIF, respectively. Similarly, lead leached ranged from 0.3 ug/L in a Cambodia LIF to 6.3 ug/L in an India LIF.Conclusions: Despite high quantities of iron leached in water, it is unclear whether the quantity of absorbable iron leached from the LIF is enough to make a difference on iron stores of a young child. As research on the efficacy of the LIF has not been studied in this population. In addition, the potential harms of ingesting these heavy metals must be further investigated.Funding Sources: None

P04-124-20 Food Insecurity and Associated Demographic, Academic and Health Factors Among Undergraduate Students at a Large Urban University 1341334 Rachel Ryan Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University Bridget Murphy Public Health Nutrition Program, School of Global Public Health, New York University Andrea Deierlein Public Health Nutrition Program, School of Global Public Health, New York University Niyati Parekh Public Health Nutrition Program, School of Global Public Health, New York University Jessica Bihuniak Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University Food Insecurity and Associated Demographic, Academic and Health Factors Among Undergraduate Students at a Large Urban University Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The estimated prevalence of food insecurity among college students is approximately 41%. In response, colleges are implementing food support programs such as campus food pantries and free meals through campus cafeterias. However, there is limited research on prevalence estimates of food insecurity on campuses that have adopted support programs, and if food insecurity on such campuses is associated with known demographic risk factors and health behaviors. The purpose of this study was to assess food insecurity and associated demographics, grade point average (GPA) and health behaviors among undergraduate students attending a 4-year urban university that has a short-term food support program.Methods: Undergraduate students (≥18 years of age, NYU) were recruited via email to participate in a Qualtrics survey, which included: 1) the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module (6-item short form), 2) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 3) the Fruit & Vegetable Intake Screener in EATS, and 4) Beverage Questionnaire (BEVQ-15). Demographics, self-reported health status and GPA were assessed. Descriptives, t-tests, Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square analyses were conducted. Results: Two hundred and fifty-seven participants completed the survey (age=20.1± 2.5; 82% female; 97.3% full-time). Forty-one percent were food insecure. Food insecurity was significantly associated (pConclusions: Despite having an on-campus, food support program, our data suggests a high prevalence of food insecurity among students attending a large urban university. Food insecurity was associated with demographic risk-factors, lower GPA and fair/poor health status. For food support programs to be most effective, colleges should consider frequent evaluation of program awareness/accessibility.Funding Sources: The Institute of Human Development and Social Change

P04-125-20 Factors Associated with Food Insecurity Among College Students at a Large Northeastern University 1341627 Joachim Sackey Rutgers University, School of Health Professions Kimberli Pike Rutgers University, School of Health Professions Pamela Rothpletz-Puglia Rutgers University, School of Health Professions Rebecca Brody Rutgers University, School of Health Professions Riva Touger-Decker Rutgers University, School of Health Professions Factors Associated with Food Insecurity Among College Students at a Large Northeastern University Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To determine the prevalence of food insecurity and its associated factors among health sciences students at a large Northeastern University.Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was emailed to students in the 2019 spring semester. Food insecurity was assessed using the United States Department of Agriculture validated 6-item short-form food security module. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression with food insecurity as the dependent variable was used to analyze the data.Results: Of the 344 responses, the mean age was 29±8years, 79% were female, and 54% were White. One-third (33%) were first-generation college students, 59% had an annual income of Conclusions: The prevalence of food insecurity in this sample was comparable to those found in other studies. We found that whilst receiving loans were associated with being food insecure, a diet of better quality, as well as non-utilization of SNAP, was associated with less odds of being food insecure. Interventions to target food insecurity on this health profession campus and other college campuses are needed to reduce the levels of food insecurity among college students and improve their health and academic outcomes.Funding Sources: The office of the Chancellor provided funds for gift cards raffled off to participants.

P04-127-20 A Local Ingredients-Based Supplement Is Not Inferior to Corn-soya Blends Plus for the Treatment of Moderate Acute Malnutrition Among Children Aged 6 to 59 Months in Wolaita 1339920 Debritu Satato University of Bergen and Hawassa University Anne Hatløy University of Bergen Bernt Lindtjørn University of Bergen Elazar Balla Kotebe Metropolitan University A Local Ingredients-Based Supplement Is Not Inferior to Corn-soya Blends Plus for the Treatment of Moderate Acute Malnutrition Among Children Aged 6 to 59 Months in Wolaita Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) is widespread and a persistent public health problem in developing countries. Currently, the management approach of MAM is focused on food supplementation, but it is limited to chronically food-insecure areas. This study aims to develop local-ingredients based supplement (LIBS) and evaluate if it is comparable to the corn-soya blend plus (CSB+) in treating MAM among children aged 6 to 59 months in Wolaita, Ethiopia.Methods: Collection of food ingredients that have the potential for making LIBS was done. Sorting, soaking, roasting, and milling of ingredients were done. The LIBS, with an improved amount of nutrients, was used to test the effectiveness in treating MAM. To evaluate the effectiveness of LIBS compared with CSB+ in treating MAM, we used a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial among 324 moderately wasted children aged 6 to 59 months in Wolaita, Ethiopia. The daily ration was: 100 gm of LIBS plus 25.2 gm of sugar with 8 ml oil in the intervention group and 150 gm of CSB+ with 16 ml of oil in the control group. A chi-square test was used for the comparison of recovery rates between two groups. Kaplan-Meier (log-rank) survival analysis was done to estimate the recovery time and survival curves.Results: Four food samples of LIBS were made with different portions of ingredients. One of the LIBS with the highest portion of pumpkin seed and selected for testing had an improved amount of protein, fat, energy, iron, zinc and potassium contents. Its proximate composition indicated protein and fat contents of 22.6g/100g and 32.9 g/100g respectively. The trial results showed that there is no difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups (p >0.05). The recovery rate for LIBS (n= 105 of 162; 64.8%) was similar to that for CSB+ (n= 108 of 162; 66.7%) (p=0.6). The duration of recovery was similar for the LIBS group, with a median of 56 days compared to 63 days for the CSB+ group (p= 0.92).Conclusions: The LIBS has contained adequate amount of nutrients needed for the treatment of MAM. There was no difference in recovery rates as well as recovery times for those who received LIBS and those who received CSB+. Thus, LIBS has the same potential to treat MAM as CSB+.Funding Sources: Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD); Norwegian Program for Capacity Development in Higher Education and Research for Development Program (NORHED)

P04-131-20 Poor Maternal Mental Health Mediates the Relationship Between Household Food Insecurity and Early Child Development in Brazil 1341515 Muriel Gubert University of Brasilia Jessica Silva University of Brasilia Fernando José Herkrath Amazonas State University Gabriela Buccini Yale School of Public Health Sonia Isoyama Venancio Health Institute of São Paulo Rafael Pérez-Escamilla Yale School of Public Health Poor Maternal Mental Health Mediates the Relationship Between Household Food Insecurity and Early Child Development in Brazil Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether maternal mental health and infant’s diet mediate the association between Household Food Insecurity (HFI) and Early Child Development (ECD) using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). We hypothesized a priori that both maternal mental health and infant’s diet would mediate the association between HFI and ECD.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 474 mother-infant dyads at Primary Health Centers in the Federal District, Brazil. Mothers answered a questionnaire that evaluated variables through validated instruments. SEM analyses were conducted including the following observed variables: HFI, ECD, consumption of a healthy and diverse diet, presence of a partner in the household, wanted pregnancy and current breastfeeding. Latent variables were included to evaluate mental health (created from maternal depression, trait anxiety and state anxiety), poverty (created from maternal educational level, household per capita income and participation in the Brazilian cash transfer program) and infant health (created from preterm birth, hospitalization after birth and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit needed after birth).Results: Poor maternal mental health mediated the relationship between HFI and ECD (β = -0.05), but a healthy and diverse diet was not a mediator in this relationship. Poverty was related to lower ECD scores directly (β = 0.21) and indirectly (β = 0.02). Not having a partner (β = 0.05) and having an unwanted pregnancy (β = 0.02) predicted indirectly lower ECD scores.Conclusions: Poor maternal mental health mediates the relationship between HFI and ECD, and ECD is influenced by poverty, single motherhood and unwanted pregnancy through different pathways. Therefore, it is necessary that public policies and interventions that aim to promote an optimal ECD also approach these aspects. Longitudinal cohort studies are needed to determine causality and identify promising approaches to improve parenting skills and ECD outcomes in the context of HFI.Funding Sources: This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) (Finance Code 001, CAPES scholarship Programa Doutorado Sanduíche no Exterior Process number 88881.189710/2018-01).

P04-132-20 Efficacy of Nutrition Counseling by a Dietitian in Improving Clinical Outcomes for People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs 1340710 George Siopis University of Sydney Stephen Colagiuri University of Sydney Margaret Allman-Farinelli The University of Sydney Efficacy of Nutrition Counseling by a Dietitian in Improving Clinical Outcomes for People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Nutrition therapy is crucial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Preliminary data indicate that nutrition therapy delivered by accredited dietitians achieves better clinical outcomes than when delivered by other healthcare professionals. We compared dietetic intervention provided by accredited dietitians with nutrition advice provided by other healthcare professionals.Methods: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of RCTs of type 2 diabetes management programmes (3 months or more) implementing medical nutrition therapy and reporting changes in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and other clinical outcomes that have been published in CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsychINFO between 2008 to 18th June 2019.Results: Seven studies with a total of 950 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The mean changes [95% CI] at six or twelve months follow-up in HbA1c, BMI, weight and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were -0.37 [-0.56, -0.19], -0.56 [-1.14, 0.02], -2.40 [-3.59, -1.20] and -0.16 [-0.29, -0.02] respectively in favour of the intervention group.Conclusions: Nutrition intervention provided by a dietitian results in better clinical outcomes of type 2 diabetes, compared with that delivered by other healthcare professionals. Further longitudinal randomised studies are warranted to elucidate long-term (more than one year) effects of the interventions.Funding Sources: Nil funding

P04-133-20 Food Security Status is Associated with Academic Performance in Undergraduate and Graduate Students 1340971 Jessica Soldavini University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Maureen Berner University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Food Security Status is Associated with Academic Performance in Undergraduate and Graduate Students Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To assess the association between food security status and outcomes related to academic performance in undergraduate and graduate students.Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used data from 4,897 students from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill who completed an online questionnaire in October and November of 2016. Food security status was assessed using the 10-item US Adult Food Security Survey Module. Students were classified as experiencing high food security, marginal food security, or food insecurity. Students rated their perceived academic performance using a 4-item academic performance scale (APS) that included items related to overall progress towards graduating on time, class attendance, attention span, and understanding of concepts taught in class. Students also self-reported GPA, whether they had taken fewer classes to save tuition money, and demographic information. Multinomial logistic regression and multiple linear regression assessed the association between food security status and academic performance-related outcomes separately for undergraduate and graduate students. GPA was only examined for sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Statistical significance was considered pResults: The proportion of students reporting high food security, marginal food security, and food insecurity was 52%, 25%, and 23%, respectively, for undergraduate students and 62%, 17% and 21%, respectively, for graduate students. GPA was negatively associated with experiencing marginal food security (p=.009) and food insecurity (pConclusions: Experiencing marginal food security and food insecurity were negatively associated with outcomes related to academic performance among both undergraduate and graduate students. Funding Sources: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Food for All micro-grant

P04-134-20 Individuals Benefit from Their Experiences Volunteering with the Summer Food Service Program in Chapel Hill and Carrboro, NC 1340900 Jessica Soldavini University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Maureen Berner University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Individuals Benefit from Their Experiences Volunteering with the Summer Food Service Program in Chapel Hill and Carrboro, NC Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Most research on federal nutrition programs focuses on program participants. Individuals working or volunteering with these programs may also benefit. The objective of this study was to explore how individuals who volunteered with the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) in Chapel Hill and Carrboro, NC during the summer of 2018 were impacted by their experiences.Methods: In October of 2018, a cross-sectional online survey questionnaire was sent to 281 SFSP volunteers from Chapel Hill and Carrboro, NC with available email addresses. Volunteers rated level of agreement on a seven-point scale (1=completely disagree, 7=completely agree) for nine statements related to how they were impacted by their experiences volunteering with the SFSP. There was also an open-ended question where individuals could describe ways they and/or their families were impacted by their experience. Means and standard deviations were calculated for closed-ended questions and open-ended questions were analyzed for key themes.Results: Ninety-five of the 106 individuals responding to the survey completed the questions on how they were impacted by their experiences. Volunteers did something for a cause that was important to them (mean: 6.27, SD: 1) and helped a group they were genuinely concerned about (mean: 6.01, SD: 1.28). The majority enjoyed volunteering (mean: 5.91, SD: 1.33), felt that their service was appreciated (mean: 5.75, SD: 1.49), and felt a sense of fulfillment (mean: 5.61, SD: 1.40). Volunteers became more familiar with the community (mean: 5.27, SD: 1.75), interacted and built relationships with individuals involved with the program (mean: 4.56, SD: 1.85), and learned more about issues addressed by the program (mean: 4.92, SD: 1.78). Some volunteers were also able to spend time with their own children/family members as part of their volunteer experience (mean: 4.03, SD: 2.53). Qualitative responses included similar themes.Conclusions: Individuals benefited from their experiences volunteering with the SFSP. Future research around food assistance programs and nutrition interventions should include evaluating how volunteers were impacted by their experiences as these secondary outcomes are often forgotten.Funding Sources: None

P04-136-20 Relationships Between Food Security, Fruit and Vegetable Availability, and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Elementary Children and Their Parents 1339891 Michaela Sossamon Texas Woman's University Derek Miketinas Texas Woman's University Relationships Between Food Security, Fruit and Vegetable Availability, and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Elementary Children and Their Parents Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis is to explore baseline findings on the relationships between food security, fruit and vegetable availability, and fruit and vegetable intake in elementary children and their parents before the start of a school-garden program.Methods: Third-grade students (n = 154) and their parents were recruited from a Texas elementary school that participates in a school-garden program. Prior to the start of the program, student participants along with one of their parents completed the National Cancer Institute’s All-Day Screener to assess fruit, juice, and vegetable intake. Parent participants also completed other validated questionnaires to assess home availability of fruits and vegetables and food security. Regression and ANOVA were used to examine the relationships between food security, fruit and vegetable availability at home, and fruit and vegetable intake in parent and student participants.Results: A total of 64 students provided consent, and 39 students (~58% female), each with one parent (~97% female), completed the questionnaires. Parents who reported low food security had significantly greater total fruit and vegetable intake (4.7 servings/day) along with their children (6.0 servings/day) compared with parents (2.8 servings/day) and children (3.3 servings/day) with high food security. Fruit availability at home was positively correlated with fruit intake in parents (β = 0.18; p = .0261; R2 = 0.13;) but not children (p = .8931). No significant associations were found between vegetable availability and vegetable intake in student or parent participants.Conclusions: These baseline findings indicate greater fruit and vegetable intake for children and parents with low food security, which may be due to differences in fruit intake rather than vegetable intake. Although greater fruit intake was associated with fruit availability in the home for parents, this association was not observed for children.Funding Sources: None

P04-137-20 The Healthy Nurse: Identifying Barriers to Healthy Eating at Work 1339936 Briana Thomas The Salvation Army Green Bay Kroc Community Center The Healthy Nurse: Identifying Barriers to Healthy Eating at Work Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To identify the barriers to healthy eating in a nurse’s work environment by utilizing the PhotoVoice method, a self-report survey, and semi-structured interviews.Methods: Recruitment of participants consisted of friends and acquaintances (i.e. convenience sample) that are current nurses in the field. Research design comprised of three parts: photo collection, a self-report survey, and individual semi-structured interviews. Participants used PhotoVoice to take pictures of their experiences and environment. This tool focused on barriers, strengths and weaknesses. Participants were allotted two weeks to collect pictures, and used personal devices such as a cell phone. Pictures were then sent directly to the researcher via email and securely stored. Surveys were administered by Qualtrics to each participant to complete on their own time. The self-report survey was a compilation of variables the researcher sought to analyze: nutrition habits, mental and emotional health, physical health, and demographics. During the interviews, the participants explained and discussed their photographs. A list of follow-up questions were constructed to provide supplemental information. Each interview was completed under 30 minutes. Participants were informed the interviews were audio recorded, and were later transcribed verbatim by the researcher.Results: The final sample size concluded 6 participants. Over half the nurses worked in a hospital setting. Common themes to barriers comprised of inconsistent break patterns, lack of availability and quality of food, and the abundance of accessible unhealthy options. Participant recommendations included bringing in healthier options, easier access and availability to healthy food, a nurse buddy system and accountability among staff.Conclusions: Attention and research are lacking in this area and further studies are necessary to shine light on the importance of a nurse’s health. Future organizational support for nurses involves an extension on cafeteria hours to allow all shifts to obtain quality food, ordering healthier options, allow for water bottles or dispensers to be heavily present and to implement a plan for sufficient breaks.Funding Sources: There was not a need for funding.

P04-142-20 Food Insecurity, Perception of the Neighborhood Food Environment, and Dietary Quality Among Mexican Immigrant Women 1341705 Adriana Verdezoto Alvarado Arizona State University Juana Meléndez Torres Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo Berenice Ochoa Nogales Arizona State University Gabriela Martinez Arizona State University Maureen McCoy Arizona State University Sonia Vega-López Arizona State University Food Insecurity, Perception of the Neighborhood Food Environment, and Dietary Quality Among Mexican Immigrant Women Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Migration to the US has been associated with food insecurity and detrimental changes in diet quality. How these changes affect women in context of their neighborhood food environment has not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to assess if food insecurity is associated with diet quality and to explore if perceived food availability moderates this purported association in a sample of Mexican immigrant women.Methods: Mexican-born women (n=57, 41±7 y) residing in a southwestern US metropolitan area for >1 y self-reported food security status, monthly fast-food frequency, and their perception of fruit, vegetables, and low-fat product availability within their neighborhood via survey. Diet was assessed using the Southwest Food Frequency Questionnaire to estimate intake of fruit, vegetables, salty snacks, sugar, and healthy eating index (HEI)-2015 score. Independent samples t-tests compared dietary outcomes between women classified as food secure (n=41; high or marginal food security) and food insecure (n=16; low or very low food security). A moderation analysis assessed the effect of the perception of the neighborhood food environment on the relationship between food security and HEI-2015 score.Results: Fifty four percent of participants worked full time and 42% had a monthly household income Conclusions: Findings suggest a need for better understanding of how neighborhood food availability may affect diet quality among Mexican immigrant women experiencing food insecurity.Funding Sources: CONACYT, Mexico, and Program for Transborder Communities

P04-143-20 Association of Food Pharmacy Participation with Type II Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors 1339995 Breanne Vinogradoff San José State University Giselle Pereira Pignotti San José State University Marcelle Dougan San José State University John Gieng San José State University Association of Food Pharmacy Participation with Type II Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Food insecurity poses a public health threat in a number of concerning ways, including increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). A number of safety-net resource sites in the US are working to address this complex relationship through the disbursal of medically tailored food to clients with T2DM, sometimes referred to as a “food pharmacy”. Our study aimed to determine if participation by food insecure individuals in a food pharmacy affected clinical markers of T2DM status or risk, namely glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), or body mass index (BMI).Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of data from a food pharmacy run by a safety-net healthcare clinic in California. Data from January 2016 through May 2019 were analyzed. Patients with T2DM were referred to the food pharmacy by clinic physicians. After referral, patients could pick up boxes of diabetes appropriate food (contents were determined by program staff and varied based on food availability) once a week. Results from participant’s successive biomedical tests were recorded by clinic staff. Participants with a baseline measurement of HbA1c, FBG, or BMI within ±11 days of food pharmacy referral and at least one subsequent measurement of the same variable qualified for inclusion (n=161). Participation rate was defined as the proportion of food pickup opportunities attended by each individual. Spearman correlation analysis, t-tests, and analyses of variance were conducted to determine the association between program participation on HbA1c, FBG, and BMI.Results: At 24 months, increased food pharmacy participation correlated with a reduction in BMI (r=-0.39, p=0.03, n=29). As compared with those who participated below the median rate, the “high participation” group had a lower mean BMI at 24 months (34.6±9.1 vs 29.1±4.9 kg/m2, p=0.05). Mean HbA1c was lower at 18 months as compared to baseline (9.1±2.3 vs 8.2±1.8%, p=0.04). However, HbA1c and FBG were not correlated with participation rate.Conclusions: This study found higher food pharmacy participation rates are associated with reductions in BMI, but not HbA1c or FBG. Food pharmacies may need to reevaluate their treatment model if they are to effectively target T2DM in food insecure individuals.Funding Sources: None

P04-144-20 Examining the Food Security Status, Weight, and Sociodemographic Factors of Pantry Clients 1341628 Amanda Walch University of Alaska Anchorage Examining the Food Security Status, Weight, and Sociodemographic Factors of Pantry Clients Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: To examine the relationship between food security, weight, and sociodemographic factors of food pantry clients.Methods: A cross-sectional study with clients from the largest food pantry in Alaska. Recruitment was February - March of 2018 over different times of the day, week, and month. A total of 148 clients filled out a sociodemographic questionnaire and the U.S. Adult Food Security Survey Module.Results: Over half of the participants were over the age of 55 years (50.4%), were female (60%), not married or living with a partner (67%), and were a high school graduate/equivalent (72%). The main ethnic populations were Caucasian (37.8%), Alaska Native/American Indian (25.7%), and Asian/Pacific Islander (12.8%). The majority of participants were either overweight (31%) or obese (39%). Most were employed at least part time (72%), had an annual income of less than $25,000 per year (59%), and visited the food pantry monthly (65%). Over 88% percent of participants were food insecure (45% low food security and 43% very low food security). Chi-square and a multivariate logistic regression determined associations between sociodemographic characteristics and stratified food security status or weight category. Analyses were performed using SPSS with a P-value of Conclusions: Food insecurity among food pantry clients is high at 88%, compared to the local rate of 12.3%. However, clients’ weight and food security status were not associated and by continuing to provide emergency food assistance while not addressing underlying causes of food insecurity or obesogenic factors, rates will likely not improve.Funding Sources: A grant from the Center for Community Engagement and Learning at the local University.

P04-145-20 How Are Community Socio-Economic Factors Associated with the Sales of Unhealthy Products: Alcohol, Tobacco and Unhealthy Snack Food in Low Income Communities 1341677 Lauren Wallace University of North Carolina at Charlotte Elizabeth Racine University of North Carolina at Charlotte Rajib Paul University of North Carolina at Charlotte Shafie Gholizadeh University of North Carolina at Charlotte Caitlan Webster University of North Carolina at Charlotte How Are Community Socio-Economic Factors Associated with the Sales of Unhealthy Products: Alcohol, Tobacco and Unhealthy Snack Food in Low Income Communities Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: People under stress tend to use unhealthy coping mechanisms including using products like alcohol, tobacco and unhealthy snacks. The purpose of this study is to assess how measures of community socio-economic status, which may be proxies for community stress, are associated with the sales of unhealthy products (alcohol, tobacco, and unhealthy snacks) at a discount variety store chain. Specifically, we consider the following measures of community socio-economic status: population racial/ethnic composition, percent of households on SNAP, percent of households without a vehicle, walkability score and median community income.Methods: Mixed effects linear regressions with random effects were used to examine the relationship between the weekly unit sales (per 1000 population) of three outcome variables (tobacco, alcohol, unhealthy snacks) and community socio-economic factors: percent of households on SNAP, percent of households without a vehicle, and median community income.Results: The sales of alcohol, tobacco, and unhealthy snacks increased as the percent of the population participating in SNAP increased. Other measures of community socio-economic status were not significantly (at 5% significance level) associated with tobacco or unhealthy snack sales. However, for alcohol sales, increases in: the median household income, walkability score and percent of African American residents, were associated with a decrease in alcohol sales.Conclusions: Low income neighborhoods frequently experience greater health burden compared to higher income neighborhoods. Understanding and quantifying the relationship between financial stress and unhealthy product consumption can help public health professionals intervene before chronic diseases manifest.Funding Sources: Robert Woods Johnson Foundation

P04-146-20 Child Dietary Diversity, Household Food Insecurity, Child Stunting and Maternal Mental Health Symptoms in Vakinankaratra, Madagascar 1340002 Christine Walters Oklahoma State University Joel Komakech Oklahoma State University Hasina Rakotomanana Oklahoma State University Barbara Stoecker Oklahoma State University Child Dietary Diversity, Household Food Insecurity, Child Stunting and Maternal Mental Health Symptoms in Vakinankaratra, Madagascar Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between child dietary diversity, household food insecurity, child stunting, and maternal mental health symptoms in the Vakinankaratra region of Madagascar.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 391 mother-child dyads. The World Health Organization (WHO) standards were used for defining child dietary diversity and child stunting and the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) was used for food insecurity scores. Maternal symptoms of common mental disorders were assessed using the WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ), which was translated into Malagasy and pre-tested; a cutoff of seven was used to indicate the occurrence of symptoms of common mental disorders. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models adjusted for strata, cluster, and confounding variables were conducted with statistical significance set at pResults: More than half (56.8%) of the mothers reported symptoms of common mental disorders and more than half of the children (69.4%) were stunted. The mean HFIAS score was 10.3 (±5.6) and mean child dietary diversity score was 3.0 (±1.31). Symptoms of common mental disorders were significantly associated with child dietary diversity score in the bivariate analysis but became nonsignificant in the final adjusted model (β = -0.22, p = 0.06, R2 = 0.07). In the adjusted model, having symptoms of common mental disorders was significantly associated with higher HFIAS score (β = 3.45, p Conclusions: Maternal mental health and household food insecurity were significantly associated in this rural area of the Vakinankaratra region in Madagascar. Furthermore, assessing maternal symptoms of common mental disorders and referring mothers for mental health care appears to be an important consideration for improving child stunting in the region.Funding Sources: Oklahoma State University

P04-149-20 Patient Characteristics Associated with Uptake of a Monthly Free Produce Distribution at a Health Center 1341376 Rachel Zack The Greater Boston Food Bank Rachel Weil The Greater Boston Food Bank Wudeneh Mulugeta Cambridge Health Alliance Jean Granick Cambridge Health Alliance Caroline Carney Good Measures Patient Characteristics Associated with Uptake of a Monthly Free Produce Distribution at a Health Center Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: In recent decades it has been well established that social determinants have a profound impact on health. In response, some healthcare providers are implementing social service programs alongside traditional medical care. Research on these interventions, however, points to low patient uptake. We aim to understand patient characteristics associated with use of a monthly, free produce market at a health center.Methods: The participants of this study are patients at a health system in Massachusetts, which operates a free, monthly produce market for patients and the public. There are no eligibility requirements for market registration. Participants were recruited in primary care waiting rooms and at the market. The analysis uses baseline surveys of study participants and administrative attendance records from the market. Risk ratios for attending at least one market were estimated using multivariable robust Poisson regression.Results: Of the 712 patients enrolled in the study, 35% attended at least one market. After attending their first market, they attended 43% (IQR: 0%, 70%) of the following markets. Factors associated with attending at least one market include having at least one child in the household (Risk ratio: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.78), having a monthly income below $2,500 (1.39; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.80), being married (1.47; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.03), and being a homemaker (1.44; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.94) or unemployed (1.41; 95% CI: 0.99, 2.00). The magnitudes of the associations differ by the participant’s language (English, Spanish, Portuguese).Conclusions: Patients more likely to use a free produce market at a health center include those with lower incomes, dependent family members, and fewer work-related responsibilities. The use of the market by low-income patients supports a hypothesis that healthcare-based food assistance programs open to all will be used by those most in need. By eliminating eligibility requirements, health center produce markets reduce both the administrative burden on the health system and the stigma associated with use of food assistance. Qualitative research is ongoing to determine how to increase accessibility of the produce market to those who may have limited available time.Funding Sources: This work is supported by SIREN UCSF, the Office of the Massachusetts Attorney General, and general operating funds from The Greater Boston Food Bank.

P04-150-20 A Novel Method to Evaluate Cooking Skills: Determining the Efficacy of a Peer-to-Peer Nutrition Education Program 1340167 Jennifer White California State University, Northridge Joselin Berdugo California State University, Northridge Marie Olguin California State University, Northridge Nelida Duran California State University, Northridge Dena Herman California State University, Northridge A Novel Method to Evaluate Cooking Skills: Determining the Efficacy of a Peer-to-Peer Nutrition Education Program Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: An evaluation was conducted of a peer-to-peer nutrition education program, Reinventing Integrative Cooking Opportunities (RICO), to determine if it is reaching its aims to increase self-efficacy in the areas of knife skills, hygiene practice, and recreating recipes in the kitchen by testing a novel method of assessment utilizing a group-based cooking competition. To determine the skill level and information retained by participants while encouraging participant engagement.Methods: Latino adolescents (n=16), ages 11-17, were provided with a recipe previously implemented during the six-week RICO program cycle. One evaluator was assigned per team to observe skills throughout the competition. Participants worked independently and were only corrected to ensure participant safety. Evaluation criteria scored during the assessment included food safety, knife safety, knife skills, hygiene, recipe completion, and flavor. Participants completed a written activity that was used to measure knowledge of food groups and the importance of ingredients used in the recipe retained from previous RICO lessons.Results: Participants were scored on a scale from 1 to 5, where 1=not acceptable to 5=very acceptable. Results showed an overall mean score of 4.0 and 5.0. The highest scored skill observed during the evaluation was food safety (mean 4.75, range 1.0), while the lowest score was knife skills (mean 3.50, range 4.0). Recipe completion was a strength for all groups (mean 4.25, range 2.0), while flavor and hygiene practices were two areas where groups struggled (mean 3.75, range 3.0). This method of evaluation also revealed areas of improvement for RICO, namely, revision of lessons to provide better retention of cooking skills and nutrition knowledge. The completion rate of the written portion of the evaluation was 75%. Analysis of written answers shows that 25% understood the directions provided, while 75% did not. These results demonstrate the need to correct the evaluation with more precise instructions for how to fill out the activity sheet for participants. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a direct observation method for data collection that kept participants engaged while providing insight into program outcomes.Funding Sources: The Office of Community Engagement at the researcher's institution provided funding.

P04-151-20 Impacts of Faith-Based Lifestyle Interventions on Congregational-Level Nutrition and Physical Activity Environment and Policies 1341207 Summer Wilmoth The University of Texas at San Antonio Leah Carrillo The University of Texas at San Antonio Elana Martinez The University of Texas at San Antonio Raymundo Mendoza Mendoza The University of Texas at San Antonio Lauren Correa The University of Texas at San Antonio Meizi He The University of Texas at San Antonio Impacts of Faith-Based Lifestyle Interventions on Congregational-Level Nutrition and Physical Activity Environment and Policies Community and Public Health Nutrition Objectives: Hispanics are disproportionally affected by obesity, cancer, and other obesity-related chronic diseases. Building a Healthy Temple (BHT) was a multi-component, faith-based lifestyle intervention implemented in 27 low-income, predominately-Hispanic congregations in San Antonio, TX between 2012 and 2017. One aim of BHT was to assess program effectiveness at improving health-conducive church environment/policy and sustainability of these improvements at follow-up.Methods: A key macro-level program component of BHT was the formation of a Health Ministry Committee to initiate church-wide health-conducive environment/policy changes. The Congregational Health Index (CHI) was used to assess church nutrition (17 items) and physical activity (PA, 5 items) environment/policy at baseline, end of program, and follow-up (6 months or more post-intervention). Data were expressed as % of the maximum scores. Friedman test and post hoc analysis were performed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and significance of pairwise comparisons, adjusted with Bonferroni correction.Results: Eighteen churches completed all 3 CHI assessments. Percentage of total nutrition and PA environment/policy scores for baseline, end of program, and follow-up were 38% (35-45), 64% (53-75), and 69% (64-77), respectively. Post hoc analysis shows significant improvements in nutrition and PA environment/policy scores at end of program (Z = -3.73, p p p = 0.001).Conclusions: Study findings reveal the importance of utilizing congregation-wide macro-level interventions to create health-conducive enviroment/policy changes to facilitate and sustain healthy lifestyle changes in predominately-Hispanic faith community settings.Funding Sources: Baptist Health Foundation San Antonio & Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas

P05-001-20 Social Determinants Associated with the Rising Incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the U.S.: A PRISMA Systematic Review 1341749 Laura Amweg University of Massachusetts Boston Laura Hayman University of Massachusetts Boston Social Determinants Associated with the Rising Incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the U.S.: A PRISMA Systematic Review Diet and Cancer Objectives: To examine the behavioral, socioeconomic, clinical and systemic characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young adults (19-49 years of age) in the United States (U.S).Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using PRISMA methodology. Eleven electronic databases were searched for the extant literature. Study eligibility criteria included colorectal cancer patients in the United States aged 19-49 years. Articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English between January 2009-April 2019 were included.Results: Diet, smoking, low physical activity, and gut microbiome changes were identified as modifiable risk factors associated with early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). Racial disparities existed where African American and Hispanic populations had a higher incidence of EOCRC compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Results suggested that delays in EOCRC diagnosis were caused by delays between symptom presentation and appropriate screening. Limitations included use of non-longitudinal cross-sectional analysis, which cannot explain etiologic causes.Conclusions: Public health efforts are needed for better adherence to a healthy dietary pattern and increasing physical activity, to bring awareness to young adults and clinicians alike to know the symptoms of EOCRC, and for young people to get screened early in an ethnically-inclusive manner to reduce disparities. Findings suggest more prospective, longitudinal studies need to be conducted and analyzed to study the etiologic factors of EOCRC.Funding Sources: The authors have no funding sources to report.

P05-002-20 Using Fish Oil to Prevent Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity 1340330 Austin Angelotti Ohio State University Deena Snoke OSU Nutrition PhD Program, Graduate School, The Ohio State University Rachel Cole OSU Nutrition PhD Program, Graduate School, The Ohio State University Martha Belury Program of Human Nutrition in Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University Using Fish Oil to Prevent Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity Diet and Cancer Objectives: Due to the established cardioprotective effects of fish oil in pressure-induced models of heart failure, we hypothesize that fish oil could also be cardioprotective in anthracycline-induced heart failure.Methods: In a mouse model of anthracycline cardiotoxicity male mice were assigned to one of four groups: anthracycline injection + control diet, saline injection + control diet, anthracycline injection + fish oil diet, or saline injection+ fish oil diet. The control diet contained 90 g/kg soybean oil while the fish oil diet contained 40 g/kg soybean oil and 50 g/kg fish oil (8% fat by weight). The differences between groups were assessed by two-way ANOVA. Sidak’s multiple comparison test was used to determine differences from the control group.Results: Controlling for body weight, anthracycline treatment increased heart weight in both diet groups suggesting cardiac hypertrophy. Compared with control diet, fish oil diet attenuated anthracycline-induced increases in pro-inflammatory Il6 and pro-fibrotic collagen III mRNA. In addition, dietary fish oil increased bcl2 (anti-apoptosis) and heme oxygenase-1 (antioxidant) mRNA in heart muscle in mice treated with anthracycline.Conclusions: Our data suggest that dietary fish oil may attenuate some of the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines. Fish oil is generally found to be safe in cancer patients, and if effective in clinical trials could provide a widely available therapy for cancer patients undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy.Funding Sources: Funding was provided by NIH R21CA185140, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, the Carol S. Kennedy Professorship, and the Ohio State University Education and Human Ecology Dissertation Research Fellowship.

P05-004-20 Chemopreventive Potential of DSC Anthocyanins and Total Phenolics Extracted from Dark Sweet Cherry (DSC) Through Modulation of MDA-MB-453 Breast Tumor Proteomic Profile 1340292 Giuliana Noratto Department of Food Science at Texas A&M University Shirley Arbizu Department of Food Science at Texas A&M University Marjorie Layosa Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines Nara N. Lage Department of Food Science at Texas A&M University Liezl Atienza University of the Philippines Los Banos Ivan Ivanov Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology at Texas A&M University Susanne Talcott Department of Food Science at Texas A&M University Boon P. Chew Department of Food Science at Texas A&M University Chemopreventive Potential of DSC Anthocyanins and Total Phenolics Extracted from Dark Sweet Cherry (DSC) Through Modulation of MDA-MB-453 Breast Tumor Proteomic Profile Diet and Cancer Objectives: To investigate in vivo the chemopreventive activity of dark sweet cherry (DSC) extracted total phenolics (WE) or fractions enriched in anthocyanins (ACN) or proanthocyanidins (PCN) in athymic nude mice xenografted with MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells.Methods: MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells (1x106 cells) were xenografted into athymic nude mice. Mice were gavaged with WE, ACN, or PCN extracts (150 mg/kg body weight/day) for 36 days followed by animal termination. Main organs and tumors were dissected for protein analyses following standard molecular biology techniques and high-resolution nano-HPLC tandem mass spectrometry.Results: Tumor volume growth was suppressed at similar levels by WE, ACN, and PCN compared to controls (C) without signs of toxicity in main organs. Tumor protein analysis revealed ERK1/2 phosphorylation induced by WE, ACN, and PCN at similar levels, which may be linked to apoptosis induction by stress regulated ERK1/2 activation. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed decreased tumor cell proliferation and Ki-67 H-scores with potency WE ≥ ACN ≥ PCN. Differential quantitative proteomic analysis of tumor tissues from ACN and C groups revealed the identity of 71 proteins associated with poor breast cancer prognosis that were expressed only in C group (66 proteins), or upregulated in C group (5 proteins) compared to ACN group (p Conclusions: These findings revealed the potential of DSC phenolics for breast cancer invasion and metastasis chemoprevention.Funding Sources: This work was supported by the Northwest Cherry Growers, Washington State Fruit Commission.

P05-005-20 Serum Vitamin A, E and Carotenoids After 6 Months of an Individualized Nutritional Intervention in Recently Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients 1340300 Jessica Avila-Prado Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Veronica Lopez-Teros Universidad de Sonora Ana Limon-Miro Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Diana Salcido Sauceda Universidad de Sonora Bertha I. Pacheco-Moreno Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Humberto Astiazaran-Garcia Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Serum Vitamin A, E and Carotenoids After 6 Months of an Individualized Nutritional Intervention in Recently Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients Diet and Cancer Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum concentrations of retinol, carotenoids and α-tocopherol before and after 6 mo of an individualized nutrition intervention program in recently diagnosed breast cancer patients (BCP).Methods: This is a pretest-posttest study in recently diagnosed nonmetastatic BPC undergoing antineoplastic treatment. Baseline and final measurements include anthropometry, body composition (dual x-ray absorptiometry), 24 h dietary recall, and the assessment of serum retinol, carotenoids and α-tocopherol. The individualized nutrition intervention was developed based on the macronutrient meal equivalent method, based on women’s total energy expenditure, and following the WCRF/AICR guidelines, adapting 1.5 g/kg/d of protein intake, 5-9 servings of fruits and vegetables and a caloric restriction (500-1000 kcal/d) when applicable (BMI ≥25 kg/m2).Results: Nineteen women between 33 and 68 years of age completed the intervention. At the time of diagnosis, 74% of the women were overweight or obese, and serum retinol was 0.05).Conclusions: The implementation of an individualized nutritional intervention program before and during antineoplastic treatment increased serum vitamin A and E concentration, improving the nutritional status of BCP. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03625635.Funding Sources: JAP, ATLM received a fellowship from the National Research Council in Mexico

P05-007-20 Viability of MCF7 Cells Exposed to Basolateral Secretion from CaCo2 Cells Pretreated with Fecal Waters from Breast Cancer Patients and Controls 1341666 Jean-Marie Bard University of Nantes and Integrated Center for Oncology Christine Bobin-Dubigeon University of Nantes and Integrated Center for Oncology Huyen-Trang Luu University of Nantes Françoise Le Vacon Biofortis Thomas Carton Biofortis Hassan Nazih University of Nantes Viability of MCF7 Cells Exposed to Basolateral Secretion from CaCo2 Cells Pretreated with Fecal Waters from Breast Cancer Patients and Controls Diet and Cancer Objectives: There is increasing evidence suggesting that microbiota may play a role in breast cancer disease and influence the disease severity. Several mechanisms may be involved in this relationship. Our hypothesis is that the role of microbiota in the disease may be at least partly related to its influence in gut lipid and lipoprotein metabolisms.This hypothesis was tested in an in vitro model combining MCF7 and Caco2 cells.Methods: 32 women newly diagnosed for breast cancer, before any treatment and 28 apparently healthy women provided their stools from which bacterial DNA was extracted and amplified by qPCR, targeting 16S rRNA sequences specific to bacterial groups. Fecal waters (FW) were also obtained from these stools. Intestinal Caco-2 cells grown on filter inserts were incubated apically with 10% FW for 24h. Then, MCF-7 cells were incubated with the whole basolateral medium for 24h. The viability of these cells was estimated by MTT test. In parallel, LXR, apolipoproteins AIV and E gene expression was estimated by RT QPCR in CaCo2 cells and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were quantified in FW. A logistic regression model was used to establish the Odds ratios (OR) for the disease of MCF7 viability and CaCo2 gene expression. The relationship between % bacterial groups, CaCo2 gene expression, SCFA and viability was established by regression models.Results: Patients and controls differed by the MCF7 viability (1.05 [1.01-1.10], p=0.04) and a tendency towards a difference was observed for apo AIV gene expression (0.63 [0.39-1.01], p=0.055), (OR [5th-95th]). Viability was positively correlated with % Bifidobacterium sp. (21.18±7.66, p=0.008) and negatively correlated with valerate (-2.849±1.048, p=0.009), (ß±s.d.). These correlations were maintained in a multiple regression model.Conclusions: Microbiota may interact with intestine cell lipid metabolism and therefore influence cancer disease through gut cell secretion or permeability.Funding Sources: Ligue Contre le cancer and private funds from Integrated Center for Oncology

P05-008-20 The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation and Doxorubicin-Based Chemotherapy on the Murine Brain Lipidome 1341132 Djawed Bennouna Ohio State University Melissa Solano Ohio State University Tonya Orchard Ohio State University A. Courtney DeVries Ohio State University Maryam Lustberg Ohio State University Rachel Kopec The Ohio State University The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation and Doxorubicin-Based Chemotherapy on the Murine Brain Lipidome Diet and Cancer Objectives: To determine how omega-3 (n3-FA) supplementation may confer protection against lipid modifications following doxorubicin-based chemotherapy (DOX).Methods: Ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice consumed a diet with 0% or 2% kcal supplemental EPA+DHA for 4 weeks, followed by two injections of either DOX (9 mg/kg) + cyclophosphamide (90 mg/kg), or vehicle. In study 1, animals were sacrificed at 4, 7, and 14 days after the last injection (n = 120) and in study 2, at 10 days after the last injection (n = 40). Whole brain from study 1 were analyzed by targeted methods (UHPLC-MS/MS), to quantify specialized pro-resolving mediators resolvin D1 (RvD1), resolvin D2 (RvD2), resolvin D3 (RvD3), resolvin D5 (RvD5), resolvin E1 (RvE1), maresin (MaR1), and protectin (PD1). In study 2, lipidomics analyses were performed on hippocampus to determine changes in the lipidome after n3-FA supplementation and chemotherapy injection.Results: Study 1 results: RvD1 was present in all samples, but no significant differences in concentration were observed regardless of treatment or dietary group. RvD3, PD1 and MaR1 were detected in a subset of samples. Study 2 results: EPA+DHA (2%) supplementation favorably altered lipids associated with cognitive function (i.e. PE (P-16:0/20:5), PE (P-18:0/22:6, with adjusted p-value equal to 0.003 and 0.04 respectively), which have been previously negatively correlated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Chemotherapy treatment increases omega-9 fatty acids (i.e. nervonic, gadoleic and mead acid) previously positively correlated with diseases of cognitive decline (e.g. Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s). No chemo*n3-FA interaction was observed (p-value >0.05).Conclusions: N3-FA supplementation favorably altered lipids associated with cognitive function. DOX increased lipids associated with diseases of cognitive decline. Future investigations will determine if the same biomarkers of n-3 FA consumption and chemotherapy are observed in human breast cancer patients.Funding Sources: This research was supported by a Foods for Health Discovery Themes Initiative SEEDS grant, NIH R01CA189947, NIH Award Number Grant P30 CA016058, OSU, and OSUCCC.

P05-009-20 Matched Case-Control Study of Beans Intakes and Breast Cancer Risk in Urbanized Nigerian Women 1340275 Galya Bigman University of Maryland School of Medicine, Sally Adebamowo Department of Epidemiology and Public Health; and Marlene and Stewart Greenbaum Comprehensive Cancer Center Clement Adebamowo University of Maryland School of Medicine Matched Case-Control Study of Beans Intakes and Breast Cancer Risk in Urbanized Nigerian Women Diet and Cancer Objectives: To examine the association between dietary intake of beans and breast cancer in Nigerian women.Methods: Overall 630 newly diagnosed patients with primary invasive breast cancer were age-matched (±5 years) with 630 controls from the Nigerian Integrative Epidemiology of Breast Cancer (NIBBLE) Study from 01/2014 to 07/2016. Dietary intakes were collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to derive daily intake of beans. The daily bean intakes included intakes of beans alone, bean porridge, bean cake (akara), bean pudding (moinmoin), beans and corn (adalu) and bean soup (gbegiri). We categorized the daily bean intake into low, medium and high equally based on the distribution. Additional covariates included occupation, education, wealth index, contraceptive use, menopause status, number of pregnancies, breastfeeding, Body Mass Index, Waist to Hip Ratio and physical activity. Conditional logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the crude and adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) of total beans intake per day and breast cancer.Results: The mean (SD) age of the cases was 42.5 (10.1) and controls was 41.5 (9.2) years. Among controls, almost 36% consume a high intake of total bean compared to 30% among cases, whereas among the cases 37.3% consumed the low intake of total bean compared to 31.6% among controls. In the multivariable, we found a significant association between total beans intakes and breast cancer (OR=0.85; 95% CI: 0.74-0.97, p-value=0.02). Comparing the highest category (approximately two portions or more a day) with the lowest category (less than one portion a day), the adjusted OR was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.52-0.98, p-value for trend=0.04).Conclusions: We found a significant association between high intakes of beans and reduce risks for breast cancer. Future studies are needed to evaluate the causality of this relationship and the specific component of beans that is responsible for this reduction.Funding Sources: National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health’s African Collaborative Center for Microbiome and Genomics Research grant, Award Number U54HG006947; the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health’s Training Program in Nigeria for Non-communicable Diseases Research (TRAPING NCD), Award Number D43TW009106, the Maryland Department of Health's Cigarette Restitution Fund Program.

P05-014-20 A Ketogenic Diet Mitigates Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Cachexia in Mice 1341867 Natalia Cortez University of California, Davis Brian Hong University of California, Davis Emily Villareal University of California, Davis Gerardo Mackenzie University of California, Davis A Ketogenic Diet Mitigates Pancreatic Cancer-Associated Cachexia in Mice Diet and Cancer Objectives: Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial disorder characterized by involuntary and ongoing wasting of skeletal muscle. More than 80% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) suffer from cachexia and up to 20% die directly from it. The ketogenic diet (KD) has been shown to improve health span in old mice. However, its effect in cancer remains elusive. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether a KD mitigates cachexia and/or increases survival in a clinically relevant genetically-engineered LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) model of PDA.Methods: After confirming the presence of a pancreatic tumor by high resolution ultrasound imaging, male and female KPC mice were fed either a control diet (CD; %kcal: 14% protein, 70% carb, 16% fat), or a KD (%kcal: 14% protein, Results: After 1 month on the experimental diets, ketone levels were significantly higher in mice fed a KD compared to those fed a CD (pConclusions: A KD maximizes and preserves motor function strength during PDA progression. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate the mechanisms of how KD improves and preserves muscle strength in PDA.Funding Sources: Startup funds and a University of California Comprehensive Cancer Center award to GGM. NEC is supported with a fellowship from UC-MEXUS

P05-015-20 WALNUTS for POWER: A Protocol for the Polyphenols, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Weight Loss, and EneRgy Randomized Controlled Trial 1340179 Ilona Csizmadi Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Pao-Hwa Lin Duke University Medical Center Michael Freeman Cedars Sinai Medical Center Beatrice Knudsen Huntsman Cancer Institute Andre Rogatko Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Suzanne Devkota Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Sungyong You Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Aubrey Jarman Cedars Sinai Medical Center Laura Lockshon Cedar Sinai Medical Center Anamarie Tan Cedars Sinai Medical Center Timothy Daskivich Cedars Sinai Medical Center Premal Desai Cedars Sinai Medical Center Stephen Freedland Cedars-Sinai Medical Center WALNUTS for POWER: A Protocol for the Polyphenols, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Weight Loss, and EneRgy Randomized Controlled Trial Diet and Cancer Objectives: Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common non-skin cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer death. Omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols have bioactive properties that may alter tumor biology and reduce PC progression. Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are one of the best sources of plant-based omega-3s (2.5g per oz) and polyphenols (total polyphenols 462mg per oz). We propose to determine the effect of walnuts added to a typical diet on markers of PC progression in men scheduled for radical prostatectomy (RP). The primary objective of the study is to determine the effect of walnut intake on Ki67 expression in prostatic tissue. Secondary objectives are to determine the effect of walnuts on prostatic tissue oxidative stress and inflammation. Exploratory objectives include measuring the effect of walnuts on the gut microbiome, insulin/IGF signaling and gene expression.Methods: 50 men with PC scheduled for RP are recruited from the Durham Veterans Medical Center and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Men are randomized to receive 2 oz. of walnuts added to a usual diet (intervention) or control (usual diet) using a 1:1 allocation during the 3-10-week pre-RP period. An experienced dietitian provides counseling and recipes to men in the intervention arm and monitor dietary compliance. RP tissue is stained and scored for Ki67 by an experienced pathologist. Tumors are processed for RNA extraction and RNA-sequenced at the UCLA genomics core. Fasting blood are collected at baseline and pre-RP visits, spun, separated into serum, plasma, and red blood cells and stored at -80°C. Serum are batch-analyzed for insulin, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IL-6. Stool samples for microbiota analyses are collected at baseline and pre-RP visits and undergo 16s rRNA gene sequencing and statistical analyses to identify microbiome community content. Between-arm differences during the study are assessed by t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. The study will be completed in 3 years. To date, 7 men have been recruited.Results: N/AConclusions: If shown to be effective in improving PC outcomes in men diagnosed with early stage PC, this modest dietary change could provide a much needed feasible, low-cost, easily accessible, non-toxic option that could be sustained over the long-term.Funding Sources: California Walnut Commission

P05-016-20 Black Lentil Water Extract Inhibited Inflammatory Cytokines in a Colitis-Associated Colon Carcinogenesis Model 1340996 Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Candice Mazewski University of Illinois Diego Luna University of Illinois Mark Berhow USDA, ARS, NCAUR Black Lentil Water Extract Inhibited Inflammatory Cytokines in a Colitis-Associated Colon Carcinogenesis Model Diet and Cancer Objectives: The objective was to compare the impact of black lentil water extract (BL) and delphinidin 3-O-(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-α-l-arabinopyranoside) (D3G)-rich lentil extract on tumor development and inflammation in an azoxymethane (AOM)/ dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model.Methods: C57BL/6 mice were randomly separated into four groups: healthy control (n=6), AOM/DSS control (n=14), AOM/DSS+BL (600 mg/kg body weight, n=12), and AOM/DSS+D3G (41 mg/kg body weight, equivalent to D3G concentration in BL, n=12). Mice were given treatments for 11 weeks using a voluntary oral jelly administration. Fecal samples were collected three times: after one week of treatments prior to the first AOM injection, after the first (of three) DSS cycle, and at the time of euthanasia. Secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) expression was evaluated by qPCR, calprotectin by ELISA and fecal metabolite profiles by Agilent GC-MS system.Results: AOM/DSS+BL presented a lower (pConclusions: BL and D3G-rich extracts showed anti-inflammatory effects and modified fecal metabolites while BL additionally prevented growth of neoplasia.Funding Sources: US Department of Agriculture Hatch 1014457

P05-017-20 Association of Diet Quality and Breast Cancer Incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) 1340096 Rica Dela Cruz University of Hawaii Cancer Center Song-Yi Park University of Hawaii Cancer Center Yurii Shvetsov University of Hawaii Cancer Center Carol Boushey University of Hawaii Cancer Center Kristine Monroe University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine Loïc Le Marchand University of Hawaii Cancer Center Gertraud Maskarinec University of Hawaii Association of Diet Quality and Breast Cancer Incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Diet and Cancer Objectives: Healthy eating patterns assessed by diet quality indexes (DQIs) have been related to lower risk of cancer incidence and mortality; however, the association between DQIs and breast cancer risk is still unclear. This study investigated the relation of DQIs with breast cancer incidence among diverse women from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC).Methods: At baseline (1993-1996), 101,291 female participants of five major racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, Latinos and whites) aged 45-75 years completed a survey including a validated food frequency questionnaire. Scores for Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score were calculated and divided into quintiles (Q1-Q5). Cox regression was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between DQIs and breast cancer risk, with adjustment for known risk factors including body mass index (BMI) among others.Results: During a mean follow-up of 17.4 years, 7,769 breast cancer cases were identified through linkage to tumor registries. The respective HRs for Q5 vs. Q1 were: 1.06 (95% CI, 0.98-1.14) for HEI-2015, 0.96 (95% CI, 0.90-1.04) for AHEI-2010, 1.01 (95% CI, 0.94-1.09) for aMED, and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.88-1.02) for DASH. No significant dose-response relations of DQIs with breast cancer risk were observed (all Ptrend ≥0.07). HRs analyzed by ethnic group also resulted in null findings with no significant dose-response relations and no significant Q5 vs. Q1 associations of DQIs with breast cancer risk (all Ptrend≥0.14). For example, the respective HRs for the HEI-2015 by race/ethnicity were: 0.96 (95% CI, 0.81-1.14) for African Americans, 1.15 (95% CI, 0.90-1.46) for Native Hawaiians, 1.02 (95% CI, 0.89-1.17) for Japanese, 1.08 (95% CI, 0.88-1.33) for Latinas, and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.92-1.27) for whites.Conclusions: Although adherence to DQIs was not associated with breast cancer risk overall or within racial/ethnic groups, nutrition remains important in breast cancer prevention as obesity, a strong modifiable risk factor, may be influenced by diet quality.Funding Sources: This work was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute.

P05-018-20 Changes in the Dietary Inflammatory Index Over Time and Cancer Development Within Rural Post-Menopausal Women 1339912 Mariah Dougherty University of Nebraska Medical Center Joan Lappe Creighton University Patrice Watson Creighton University Dianne Travers-Gustafson Creighton University Robert Recker Creighton University Cedric Garland University of California, San Diego Edward Gorham Naval Health Research Center Keith Baggerly Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Sharon McDonnell GrassrootsHealth Jihyun Ma University of Nebraska Medical Center Elizabeth Lyden University of Nebraska Medical Center Corrine Hanson University of Nebraska Medical Center Changes in the Dietary Inflammatory Index Over Time and Cancer Development Within Rural Post-Menopausal Women Diet and Cancer Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which diets with a higher inflammatory potential, as measured by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), are associated with cancer development in a cohort of rural post-menopausal women.Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of participants of a randomized control trial evaluating the effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on cancer development in rural, post-menopausal women in Nebraska. From this cohort, diets were evaluated via a 2005 Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline and four years later (Visit 9). DII scores were calculated at both time points for each participant, including an unadjusted and energy-adjusted DII score. The relationship with DII scores and cancer development were evaluated using a chi-squared test and logistic regression, controlling for pertinent confounders. The difference in DII scores at baseline and Visit 9 for participants who developed cancer and non-cancer participants was examined via a repeated measure ANOVA test.Results: There were 1977 participants with baseline and Visit 9 DII scores available for analysis. There was a significant difference in DII scores between baseline and Visit 9, with a significantly larger change in DII scores in the participants who developed cancer (p=0.0194), shifting to higher pro-inflammatory scores at Visit 9. Cancer status was not associated with baseline DII scores, nor was DII score a predictor of cancer status, when controlling for confounders.Conclusions: These findings illustrate how dietary patterns in persons diagnosed with cancer had significant changes over time, increasing inflammatory diet potential. This increase in inflammatory potential in cancer patients may impact outcomes like treatment success, overall survival, and cancer recurrence, creating a need for more research to further analyze the impact of cancer diagnoses on diet changes, and if these changes are detrimental to cancer survivor outcomes.Funding Sources: None

P05-019-20 Effect of Flavor Enhancement on the Appreciation of Food in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy 1340959 Anestis Dougkas Institut Paul Bocuse Kenza Drareni Institut Paul Bocuse Moustafa Bensafi CRNL - Center for Research in Neuroscience in Lyon Helene Lusson Elior Damien Vansteene Institute of Cancerology in West Agnès Giboreau Institut Paul Bocuse Effect of Flavor Enhancement on the Appreciation of Food in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Diet and Cancer Objectives: Given the influence of sensory signals on food intake regulation and the subsequent nutritional status, it is important to reduce the impact of commonly observed smell and taste alterations on the pleasure of eating during chemotherapy. This study aimed to examine the effect of various types of flavor enhancement on the appreciation of an appetizer by a group of patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods: Five eggplant appetizers with no seasoning (REF) or enhanced with either salt, lemon, garlic or cumin were developed. In this cross-sectional study, 36 healthy female subjects (age 58 ± 7 y) (control group) and 84 breast cancer patients (age 56 ± 11 y) treated with chemotherapy were recruited. A hierarchical cluster analysis based on patients' self-reported smell and taste abilities classified the patients in two groups: the 'unaltered, (high sensory abilities) n=49' and the 'altered, (poor sensory abilities), n=35' group. Participants tasted and assessed the appreciation of the reference appetizer on a visual analog scale and performed a randomized comparative liking task, by rating the appreciation for each flavor-enhanced appetizer relative to the REF (one-sample t-test).Results: There was no significant difference in the appreciation of the REF appetizer between the three groups (P >0.05). In the comparative liking task, the control group rated similarly the appreciation between the flavor-enhanced and the REF appetizers except for the cumin-enhanced appetizer, which was appreciated significantly more than the REF (Paltered' and 'unaltered' groups appreciated similarly the cumin appetizer (P >0.05), more the salt and garlic-enhanced appetizers (P≤0.001, P=0.005, respectively) and significantly less the lemon-enhanced appetizer relative to the REF (P=0.029), confirming a tendency for patients to reject acid-flavored foods.Conclusions: The salt and garlic enhancements were appreciated by the patients independent of the stage of chemotherapy or the severity of smell and taste alterations. Flavor enhancement seems a good strategy to maintain the pleasure of eating in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Further research is still needed on the appreciation and intake of a complete meal (starter, main course, dessert).Funding Sources: APICIL and ELIOR groups

P05-020-20 Development of Functional Screens for Dietary Angiogenesis Inhibitors 1340047 James Dunleavey National Cancer Institute Brad St. Croix National Cancer Institute Nancy Emenaker National Cancer Institute Jessica Dunleavey University of Maryland Development of Functional Screens for Dietary Angiogenesis Inhibitors Diet and Cancer Objectives: We sought to develop a workflow to evaluate the anti-angiogenic potential of dietary agents in a stringent, systemic manner: 1) in vitro inhibition of angiogenesis, 2) in vivo testing of normal angiogenesis inhibition, and 3) in vivo testing of tumor prevention.Methods: We used a tiered workflow for assessment of anti-angiogenic potential of dietary compounds, beginning with cell culture methods, moving to high-throughput D. rerio angiogenesis modeling and finally mouse models of angiogenesis and tumor development to identify potent dietary agents which block tumor angiogenesis.Results: We identified quercetin dihydrate as an orally available inhibitor of angiogenesis and our lead candidate for further evaluation for chemoprevention of angiogenesis. Quercetin blocked in vitro sprouting angiogenesis, and displayed a dose-dependent reduction in sprouting angiogenesis in the tail regeneration model in zebrafish. Finally, quercetin implanted at reported physiologic levels blocked blood vessel growth in mouse models of angiogenesis.Conclusions: We describe a workflow for systematic evaluation of dietary compounds in increasing complexity models for stringent, systematic evaluation of angiogenesis inhibition. These multi-model approaches allow for filtering of pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS) prior to in vivo screening. This workflow identified quercetin as a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis which warrants further study for chemoprevention through diet.Funding Sources: National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research

P05-021-20 Cellular Mechanisms of Metabolic Remodeling During Fluid Sheer Stress-Induced Metastasis 1339971 Tracie Dunn Human Nutrition Spenser Brown University of Alabama Nelli Mnatsakanyan Yale University Elizabeth Jonas Yale University Yonghyun Kim University of Alabama Han-A Park The University of Alabama Cellular Mechanisms of Metabolic Remodeling During Fluid Sheer Stress-Induced Metastasis Diet and Cancer Objectives: Fluid sheer stress (FSS) is a physical stimuli of circulating tumor cells responsible for development of and progression to cancer. FSS is reported to enhance chemoresistance and proliferation in breast cancer cells. However, cellular mechanisms explaining how FSS contributes to the metastatic phenotype of breast cancer cell are less known. Chemoresistance is highly dependent upon active transport systems, and cell division and growth require ATP. In this study, we hypothesize that FSS contributes to mitochondrial remodeling and leads to alterations in energy metabolism which favor metastasis.Methods: MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were exposed to fluid sheer stress (FSS). MDA-MB-231 cells were then grown in culture media for 24h, and intracellular energy (ATP) and abundance of ATP synthase were analyzed.Results: FSS significantly increases intracellular ATP in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Interestingly, MDA-MB-231 cells retained increased ATP after treatment with the uncoupler FCCP indicating remodeling and decreased reliance on mitochondrial energy metabolism. We then quantified the abundance of ATP synthase, the key enzyme complex that produces mitochondrial ATP. FSS significantly decreased protein levels of the c-subunit of ATP synthase.Conclusions: Our data show that FSS causes metabolic remodeling of mitochondria-dependent ATP production. We suggest that the c-subunit of ATP synthase is an important target of FSS-mediated metastasis. Strategies to enhance the abundance or activity of the c-subunit may prevent metabolic remodeling-associated with metastasis in FSS-exposed circulating cancer cells.Funding Sources: Alabama Life Research Institute (ALRI) 14565

P05-022-20 The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diets on Preventing and Treating Carcinogen-Induced Lung Cancer in Mice 1340765 Ingrid Elisia BC Cancer Research Center Brandon Cho BC Cancer Research Center Mariah Hay BC Cancer Research Center Michelle Yeung BC Cancer Research Center Sara Kowalski BC Cancer Research Center Jennifer Wong BC Cancer Research Center Vivian Lam BC Cancer Research Center Gerald Krystal BC Cancer Research Center The Effect of Low Carbohydrate Diets on Preventing and Treating Carcinogen-Induced Lung Cancer in Mice Diet and Cancer Objectives: Since cancer cells typically rely more on glycolysis than normal cells, we hypothesized that lowering carbohydrate intake may reduce cancer risk. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of low-carbohydrate (CHO) diets in preventing and treating a tobacco-specific carcinogen-induced lung cancer in female A/J mice.Methods: We evaluated the role of different types of CHO (easily digestible vs resistant), protein (casein vs. soy) and fat (fish vs. coconut vs. a mixture of oils) in modulating 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3- pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung nodule formation in these mice. To assess the efficacy of these diets in preventing NNK-induced lung nodule formation, we put these mice in the different diets for 2 weeks, intraperitoneally-injected NNK once a week for two weeks to initiate lung nodule formation. After 5 months, the lung nodules in these mice were counted.Results: The lowering of easily digestible CHO significantly reduced constitutive blood glucose levels and lung nodule formation in the mice. Interestingly, diets low in easily digestible starch, high in fish oil (FO) and soy protein (15%Amylose/Soy/FO) were the most effective at preventing the formation of NNK-induced lung nodules. To determine if this 15%Amylose/Soy/FO is also effective at slowing tumor progression, we fed NNK-injected A/J mice a Western diet until tumors were established (5 months post NNK) and then either switched them to the 15%Amylose/Soy/FO or kept them on the Western diet for 5 additional months. The 15%Amylose/Soy/FO diet prevented the formation of additional lung tumor nodules and reduced the size of the tumors, although no significant difference was observed in tumor stage. The reduction in size of the lung tumors on the 15%Amylose/Soy/FO diet was not due to a lower tumor proliferation (Ki67 index) but an increase in apoptosis, as determined by TUNEL assays.Conclusions: We conclude that a diet change that lowers glucose intake, incorporates FO and soy protein may be effective not only in preventing lung cancer formation but also in slowing the growth of established lung tumors.Funding Sources: Lotte & John Hecht Memorial Foundation

P05-024-20 A Polyphenol Rich Muscadine Grape Extract Reduces Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Migration in Association with Changes in Cell Morphology and Motility-Related Proteins 1341940 Patricia Gallagher Wake Forest School of Medicine Marianne Collard Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine Heather Brown-Harding Wake Forest University Elisabeth Tallant Wake Forest School of Medicine A Polyphenol Rich Muscadine Grape Extract Reduces Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Migration in Association with Changes in Cell Morphology and Motility-Related Proteins Diet and Cancer Objectives: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by the lack of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and over-expression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, limiting targeted treatment. TNBC disproportionally affects ethnic minorities and younger women and has a high propensity to metastasize, often within 5 years of diagnosis, making it one of the most aggressive breast cancer subtypes. We showed that treatment with a proprietary muscadine grape extract (MGE) reduced the growth and metastasis of TNBC in mice. Muscadine grapes (V. Rotundifolia) are rich in polyphenols and extracts produced from muscadine grape seed and skin are marketed as nutraceuticals for their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. The goal of these studies was to determine the molecular mechanisms for the reduction in metastatic growth by MGE.Methods: A proprietary extract was prepared from muscadine grape seeds and skins. Migration of MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells was measured by a scratch wound assay, cell shape was visualized by confocal microscopy and mRNA/proteins that participate in cell migration/motility were measured by RT-PCR and western blot hybridization.Results: The extract reduced the migration of MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 TNBC cells in a dose-dependent manner. The reduction in cell migration was associated with MGE-induced alterations in cell shape and actin filament organization, visualized by confocal microscopy. The extract caused an apparent loss of cell polarization in MDA-MB-231 cells and a reduction in the presence of filopodia in BT-549 cells. The MGE-induced reduction in migration and alterations in cell shape and polarization were associated with a decrease in Rho kinase ROCK1/2 mRNA and protein as well as both the mRNA and protein expression of RHAMM, a protein that is implicated in both cell motility and breast cancer progression.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that a proprietary MGE reduces TNBC cell migration, in association with changes in cell shape and cytoskeleton as well as proteins that regulate migration and motility, suggesting that treatment of TNBC patients with MGE may slow or prevent metastatic progression.Funding Sources: Chronic Disease Research Fund

P05-025-20 Dietary Tomato Varieties Similarly Inhibit Prostate Carcinogenesis in the TRAMP Model in Association with Distinct Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles 1340986 Connor Geraghty The Ohio State University Jennifer Thomas-Ahner Quanta Biodesigns Remy Powell The Ohio State University Nathan Schmidt University of Toledo Chureeporn Chitchumroonchokchai The Ohio State University Ken Riedl The Ohio State University Lindsey Solden The Ohio State University Michael Bailey Nationwide Children's Hospital Hisham Hussan The Ohio State University David Francis The Ohio State University Jessica Cooperstone The Ohio State University Xiaokui Mo The Ohio State University Gregory Young The Ohio State University Michael Freitas The Ohio State University Steven Schwartz The Ohio State University Nancy Moran Baylor College of Medicine Steven Clinton Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James; College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Dietary Tomato Varieties Similarly Inhibit Prostate Carcinogenesis in the TRAMP Model in Association with Distinct Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles Diet and Cancer Objectives: Lycopene intake is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer, especially lethal disease. Tangerine tomatoes contain highly bioavailable lycopene isomers, compared to red tomatoes, but impact of isomers on cancer preventive bioactivity are unknown. Our goals are: (1) to determine if feeding tomato containing diets with differing lycopene isomers inhibit transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) carcinogenesis, and (2) to determine key early metabolic and transcriptional pathways through which tomatoes act to prevent carcinogenesis.Methods: We examine prostate carcinogenesis in the TRAMP model, comparing two tomatoes with distinct lycopene isomer profiles: all-trans-lycopene-rich red tomatoes and cis-lycopene-isomer-rich tangerine tomatoes. Weanling TRAMP and wild type (WT) mice were fed AIN-93G control, 10% tangerine tomato + AIN-93G (w/w), or 10% red tomato + AIN-93G (w/w) diet until 10 or 18 wks. At 10 wks., prostate RNA-seq and plasma metabolomics were performed on TRAMP and WT samples. At 18 wks., plasma carotenoid analysis and histopathology was performed on TRAMP mice.Results: At 18 wks., plasma lycopene concentrations were 2.84-fold greater in tangerine tomato-fed mice than red tomato-fed mice (pConclusions: Together, our results implicate red and tangerine tomatoes as potentially beneficial for the inhibition of early prostate carcinogenesis through the modulation of transcriptional programs centered on inflammation and the immune response. Our findings support efforts to test novel tomato products for the inhibition of human prostate carcinogenesis.Funding Sources: AICR, NIH P30, USDA NNF

P05-027-20 Dietary Flavonoids Targeting Triple Negative Breast Cancer 1339915 Jessica Kim Michigan State University Meenakshi Sudhakaran Michigan State University Elahé Crockett Michigan State University Andrea Doseff Michigan State University Dietary Flavonoids Targeting Triple Negative Breast Cancer Diet and Cancer Objectives: Breast cancer remains the leading cause of malignancy-related death in females and continues to increase in prevalence worldwide. The lack of therapies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) continues to be a challenge, owing to its highly metastatic and aggressive nature. Dietary flavonoids, found in fruits and vegetables, are attracting great interest in the prevention and treatment of TNBC due to their anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties. The goal of our project was to evaluate the structure-activity relationship and the mechanism by which flavonoids affect TNBC tumor growth and metastasis.Methods: We investigated the effects of structurally related flavonoids on the migratory nature of human MDA-MB 231 TNBC cells by using a wound healing migration assay. To model the effects of flavonoids in tumor heterogeneity in vivo, 3-dimensional culture organoids from TNBC derived xenograft tumors were established. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection of apigenin target heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2 (hnRNPA2), an oncogene overexpressed in cancer cells that leads to abnormal mRNA splicing, were employed to investigate how hnRNPA2 effects alternative mRNA splicing activity.Results: We observed that the natural flavonoids apigenin and kaempferol inhibited migration in a dose-response manner. Conversely, the presence of a glucoside and/or the lack of double bonds within the flavonoid structure as in the case of apigenin-7-glucoside and flavanones exhibited no significant anti-metastatic effects. Analysis of hnRNPA2 knockdown revealed key insights into the interaction of apigenin with hnRNPA2 to regulate migratory behaviors. Conclusions: These novel insights showcase dietary flavonoids as practical functional foods that can benefit clinical applications in TNBC cancer prevention and treatment of tumor metastases and growth.Funding Sources: Through grants from United States Department of Agriculture, National Science Foundation, and MSU awarded to Dr. Andrea I. Doseff, NIH-T32 Plant Biotechnology for Health and Sustainability Fellowship to Meenakshi Sudhakaran, and the REPID Program funded by National Institute of Health and directed by Dr. Elahé Crockett

P05-028-20 Regular Physical Activity Can Prevent the Oncogenic Effects of Lifestyle-Associated Advanced Glycation End Products 1341507 Bradley Krisanits Medical University of South Carolina Pamela Woods Medical University of South Carolina Lourdes Nogueira MUSC Laura Spruill Medical University of South Carolina Marvella Ford Medical University of South Carolina Victoria Findlay MUSC David Turner MUSC Regular Physical Activity Can Prevent the Oncogenic Effects of Lifestyle-Associated Advanced Glycation End Products Diet and Cancer Objectives: Lifestyle factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity and a diet consisting of foods high in protein, fat, and highly processed foods contribute to the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGE pathogenic effects are mediated through modification of protein function, genetic fidelity, stress responses, and cellular signaling pathways which can promote the development of a variety of chronic diseases. However, a gap in the literature exists on the role of dietary AGE in cancer progression and the potential impact of physical activity (PA) to negate such effects. Given the links between lifestyle and AGEs, we propose that a diet high in AGEs can accelerate prostate cancer progression and can be reversed by PA.Methods: Xenograft and spontaneous prostate cancer mouse models were utilized to assess the effects of dietary AGE on prostate tumor growth. Mice were exposed to PA on an Animal Treadmill for 1 hr, 5 days a week to assess the impact on dietary AGE mediated tumor progression. Tumor and prostate tissue were collected for histology, and Western Blot analysis. PBMCs were isolated from endpoint blood draws for flow cytometric analysis.Results: We found that chronic consumption of AGEs leads to a 3-fold increase in tumor growth in xenograft mice, accompanied by decreased expression of AR, increased expression of MYC, RAGE, and AGE as well as cell proliferation. In the spontaneous prostate cancer model chronic consumption of AGE resulted in increased progression towards high grade PIN and carcinoma when compared to control mice. IHC showed that the high AGE fed mice had increased recruitment of macrophages to PIN lesions. Mice in the PA arm showed a decrease in tumor growth (xenograft) and delayed progression (spontaneous). This was observed in all diet groups, but was most significant in the dietary AGE mice.Conclusions: Our studies support the concept that AGEs represent a biological consequence of lifestyle factors that promote cancer progression, and that PA may alleviate these effects. This may have the greatest impact in African American populations who have worse outcomes in prostate cancer, and where a lack of PA, poor diet, and high obesity rates are more prevalent.Funding Sources: Bradley Krisanits was supported by Hollings Cancer Center Pre-Doctoral Fellowship (MUSC), Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (US Dept. of Ed.), and U54 CA21096.

P05-030-20 Folic Acid Intake and Folate Status and Risk of Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from 20 Independent Case-Control Studies and 4 RCTs 1339824 Yuanxing Li NO.2 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Aimin Yang The University of Hong Kong Wei Wang NO.2 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Zhilian Wang NO.2 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Zhe Wang NO.2 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Xiaoqiang Su NO.2 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Lili Zhang NO.2 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Jing Yang NO.2 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Weihong Zhao NO.2 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University MIn Hao NO.2 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University Folic Acid Intake and Folate Status and Risk of Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from 20 Independent Case-Control Studies and 4 RCTs Diet and Cancer Objectives: Cervical cancer remains a common public health problem, despite its reduced morbidity and mortality. Exploring diverse prevention and treatment methods is essential. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between folic acid intake and status and the risk of cervical cancer, and discuss the feasibility of folic acid supplement.Methods: We identified 369 articles via Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Springer, up to January 2019. Inclusion criteria were case-control study or RCT; folate intake or level was determined; outcomes included CIN and/or cervical cancer; correlations between folate and CIN/ cervical cancer were studied; original data were obtained or calculated. We also performed these analyses within groups of studies defined by the following design characteristics: disease outcome (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN, cervical cancer CC), samples resource (serum, plasma, red blood cell, diet record), location (European and American countries, Asian countries). All statistical calculations were performed using R Project software. Results: Twenty-two case-control studies and four RCTs were included in the meta- analysis. From 22 case-control studies, there was a strong correlation between folate deficiency and risk of CIN or cancer (OR=1.46, 95% CI [1.30, 1.63]). The overall analysis results were significantly heterogeneous (I2=49%, PConclusions: The overall study showed that folate deficiency significantly increased the risk of CIN and cervical cancer. However, the meta-analysis of 4 RCTs did not show the benefit of folic acid supplementation for CIN regression, probably due to the lack of RCTs, large time span, different folic acid supplementation doses, and different judging criteria of CIN. Further research is needed.Funding Sources: N/A

P05-031-20 Use of eHealth to Facilitate Diet and Exercise Tracking and Discussions Between Cancer Survivors and Clinicians 1341512 Annie Lin Northwestern University Leslie Tello Benedictine University Twila Linville Northwestern University Bonnie Spring Northwestern University Use of eHealth to Facilitate Diet and Exercise Tracking and Discussions Between Cancer Survivors and Clinicians Diet and Cancer Objectives: Cancer-specific diet and exercise recommendations are not often discussed during oncology visits due to limited time and resources. eHealth [i.e., apps, activity trackers, electronic medical records (EMR)] could facilitate patient-clinician communication about health behaviors, but it is unknown how cancer survivors use eHealth and how engaged they are with digital technologies. We investigated cancer survivors’ eHealth practices and whether their engagement differs from those without a cancer history.Methods: Cycle 1 and 2 data from the National Cancer Institute Health Information National Trends Survey 5 were used for this study. Of the 6751 adults included in our analysis, 1097 had a cancer history; the remainder served as the comparison group. We examined participants’ engagement with tablets and/or smartphone apps and the EMR. Adjusted polytomous logistic regression models were performed to estimate associations between cancer history and eHealth engagement. Descriptive results were weighted, and the jackknife replication method was used to account for the complex sampling design. Significance threshold was set at pResults: Cancer survivors had a mean age of 64.2±0.8 years and a mean BMI of 28.2±0.3 kg/m2. Approximately one-third of cancer survivors used an app to track progress toward health goals and a tablet to facilitate health discussions with a clinician; 20% of cancer survivors shared data from a tracker and/or smartphone with a clinician. Further, 43% of cancer survivors accessed their EMR ≥1 time in the past year and 22% downloaded EMR data to their own devices. Cancer survivors were more likely to access the EMR ≥10 times in the past year than the comparison group, after adjusting for age, race, gender, education, income, and BMI [OR=1.93 (95% CI: 1.12, 3.34), p = 0.02]. No other differences in eHealth engagement were observed between those with and without a cancer history.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that cancer survivors are beginning to engage with eHealth to manage their health and communicate with clinicians. Both health apps and the EMR appear to be underutilized yet promising ways to deliver health recommendations for cancer survivors. Future research should investigate patterns of eHealth use among different subgroups of cancer survivors.Funding Sources: The first author is supported by the National Cancer Institute.

P05-032-20 Low Carbohydrate Diets in Men with Prostate Cancer May Reduce Risk of Cardiovascular Disease 1340785 Pao-Hwa Lin Duke University Medical Center Lauren Howard Duke University Medical Center Alexis Ngo Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Adela Ramirez-Torres Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Susan Cheng Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Alexandra Mack Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Stephen Freedland Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Low Carbohydrate Diets in Men with Prostate Cancer May Reduce Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Diet and Cancer Objectives: Both weight loss and low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) have been shown to slow prostate cancer (PC) growth in animal models. Given the significant weight loss and purported metabolic benefits of LCDs to lower insulin and glucose (two key cancer growth factors), there is growing interest in using them in cancer patients. However, critics point to potentially increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a major risk. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of an LCD on estimated CVD risk within the context of randomized trials of LCD in PC patients.Methods: Carbohydrate and Prostate Cancer (CAPS) 1 and CAPS2 studies were randomized clinical trials testing 6 mo. of an LCD vs. control (asked to make no diet changes) in overweight PC patients. CAPS1 included 34 men starting androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and tested whether LCD prevents insulin resistance. CAPS2 included 45 men with recurrent PC after primary treatment and tested whether LCD slows PC growth. Primary results have been presented. In this post-hoc analysis, we calculated 10-year risk of CVD at baseline, 3 mo., and 6 mo. in each study based on a CVD risk model developed from the Framingham Heart Study. This score accounts for age, diabetes, smoking, treated and untreated systolic blood pressure and BMI. Comparisons between arms were made using t-tests. A mixed model was used to test longitudinal changes in CVD risk combining data from both studies but adjusting for study.Results: In CAPS1, the 10-year estimated CVD risk was unchanged from baseline to 6 mo. at 29% in controls but decreased from 31% to 23% in the LCD arm (p=0.23). In CAPS2, CVD risk increased from 34% to 35% in controls but decreased from 32% to 28% in the LCD arm (p=0.005). When data from the two studies were combined, the LCD was associated with a lower 10-year estimated CVD risk vs. control over the study period (pConclusions: Across two prospective randomized trials, an LCD in men with PC was associated with a lower estimated 10-year risk of CVD than control patients making no diet changes. These data support the safety of LCDs for men with PC. Given CVD is the number one cause of death in men with PC and pre-clinical data supporting anti-PC activity, further research on LCDs using long-term PC and CVD end-points is warranted.Funding Sources: Atkins Foundation, American Urological Association, National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institute

P05-034-20 A Polyphenol-Rich Muscadine Grape Extract Inhibits HER+ Breast Cancer and Protects Against Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity 1340810 Jessica Mackert Wake Forest School of Medicine Patricia Gallagher Wake Forest School of Medicine Elisabeth Tallant Wake Forest School of Medicine A Polyphenol-Rich Muscadine Grape Extract Inhibits HER+ Breast Cancer and Protects Against Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity Diet and Cancer Objectives: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC) is characterized by overexpression of the HER2 receptor. Although targeted HER2 drugs such as trastuzumab (TRZ) are effective for some patients, many patients experience resistance and cardiotoxicity, highlighting the need for additional therapies. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a polyphenol-rich muscadine grape skin/seed extract (MGE) on TRZ-sensitive and –resistant HER2+ BC and TRZ cardiotoxicity.Methods: Human HER2+ BC cells were treated with MGE and/or TRZ and proliferation was analyzed using the IncuCyte® ZOOM. Synergy was assessed using the Chou-Talalay method. Tumor growth and cardiotoxicity were measured in HER2+ xenografts treated with MGE and/or TRZ. TRZ-resistant JIMT-1 cells (2 x 106) were injected in the fourth mammary fat pad of female nude mice and, when tumors reached 50 mm3, mice were divided into four groups: control, MGE, TRZ, MGE + TRZ (n=10/group, five week treatment). Cardiac parameters were measured using echocardiography and markers of proliferation/oxidative stress were measured by immunohistochemistry.Results: The combination of MGE and TRZ inhibited proliferation to a greater extent than either agent alone and was synergistic in TRZ-sensitive SKBR3 cells at five dose combinations. MGE reduced TRZ-resistant JIMT-1 tumor volume by 35% (p ≤ 0.05); however MGE + TRZ inhibited tumor growth to a greater extent (62%) than either agent alone [combination vs. MGE (p ≤ 0.05); combination vs. TRZ (p ≤ 0.01)]. In tumors, MGE + TRZ reduced Ki-67 and activated AKT to a greater extent than MGE or TRZ alone [combination vs. MGE (p ≤ 0.05); combination vs. TRZ (p ≤ 0.0001)]. TRZ significantly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening, which was prevented by MGE (p ≤ 0.01). Additionally, MGE significantly attenuated the 3-fold TRZ-induced increase in the oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxynonenal in the left ventricle (p ≤ 0.0001).Conclusions: MGE inhibited the proliferation of HER2+ BC and was synergistic when combined with TRZ while protecting against TRZ cardiotoxicity. Thus, MGE may serve as an effective therapeutic either administered singly or in combination with TRZ for the treatment of HER2+ BC.Funding Sources: Chronic Disease Research Fund

P05-035-20 Intake of Antioxidant Supplements and Risk of Keratinocytes Cancers in Women: A Prospective Cohort Study 1340768 Yahya Mahamat-Saleh Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) "Health across Generations" Team, Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Sud (Faculty of Medicine), Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France Isabelle Savoye Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE), Brussels, Belgium Iris Cervenka INSERM Marie Al Rahmoun INSERM Francesca Romana Mancini INSERM Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault INSERM Marina Kvaskoff INSERM Intake of Antioxidant Supplements and Risk of Keratinocytes Cancers in Women: A Prospective Cohort Study Diet and Cancer Objectives: Experimental studies suggested that antioxidants could protect against skin carcinomas. However, epidemiological studies on antioxidant supplement use in relation to basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) risks yielded inconsistent findings, and few prospective studies have been conducted to date. We aimed to investigate intake of antioxidants supplements and risk of keratinocytes cancers (KCs).Methods: E3N (Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale) is a prospective cohort of 98,995 French women aged 40–65 years in 1990. Intakes of antioxidants from diet were estimated via a validated food questionnaire in 1993, and antioxidant supplements use through questionnaires in 1995. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age and main known skin cancer risk factors.Results: Over 1995-2014, 2425 BCC and 451 SCC cases were diagnosed among 63,063 women. We found positive relationships between vitamin A supplement use and KCs risk (HR=1.37, 95% CI= 1.15-1.62), particularly with BCC (HR=1.40, 95% CI=1.17–1.69); and between vitamin E supplement use and risk of both BCC (HR=1.21, 95% CI=1.03–1.52) and SCC (HR=1.43, 95% CI=1.03–1.99). However, while intake of beta-carotene supplement was associated with increased SCC risk (HR=1.59, 95% CI=1.00–2.54), there was not associated with BCC risk, although with no heterogeneity across KC types (Pheterogeneity=0.21). Vitamin C supplement was also not associated with KCs.Conclusions: These findings suggest that intake of vitamin A or E supplement was associated with an increased KCs risk in women. Further studies with information on doses and duration of supplements and the ability to examine their underlying mechanisms are needed.Funding Sources: This work was supported by the Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN); the Gustave Roussy Institute; and the French League against Cancer (LNCC). Yahya Mahamat-Saleh was supported by research scholarships from the Paris Ile-de-France region and the EHESP (French School of Public Health).

P05-039-20 Does Eating More Variety of Fruits and Vegetables Reduce Risk of Cancer? Findings from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 1340881 Hadis Mozaffari University of British Columbia Jacynthe Lafrenière Laval University Annalijn Conklin University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (CORE) & Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences Does Eating More Variety of Fruits and Vegetables Reduce Risk of Cancer? Findings from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Diet and Cancer Objectives: Specific food groups, particularly fruits and vegetables, have been shown to reduce the risk of some cancers. However, cancer reduction from greater variety within these food groups is under-studied. This study aimed to evaluate the evidence on the relationship between greater variety, especially within fruits and vegetables, and incident cancer.Methods: A systematic search of recent prospective studies was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, supplemented by hand-searching, and appraised for quality. Summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using fixed- and random-effects models for high vs. low intake categories and for linear associations; Cochrane Q test detected sources of heterogeneity among included studies.Results: Total sample size was 2,285,720 with 9,420 cases of cancers in 5 included studies. All were assessed as high quality and 4 provided 7 risk estimates for meta-analysis. The risk of all cancers was not associated with high vs. low variety of both fruit and vegetable items, fruits, vegetables, and subtypes of vegetable items. Studies adjusting for BMI showed an inverse association for high variety of vegetable subgroups (RR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.95). Risk of stomach cancer or rectal cancer increased with high variety of fruit and vegetable, or fruit variety. However, lung cancer risk reduced with high vegetable subgroup variety and, in men only, colon cancer risk reduced with high variety of all foods across 5 food groups. Although no dose-response was found between fruits and/or vegetables variety and risk of all cancers, the risk of esophageal squamous cancer significantly decreased with two new fruit, or fruit and vegetable, items by 24% and 12%, respectively.Conclusions: We found that only higher variety of vegetables subgroups was linked to lower risk of cancer, particularly lung. Total diet variety lowered men’s risk of colon cancer.Funding Sources: None

P05-040-20 Watermelon Powder Supplementation Reduces Colonic Cell Proliferation by Upregulating p21Waf1/Cip1 Expression 1340327 Yuko Murase San Diego State University Meseret Fesseha San Diego State University Nazanin Abbaspour San Diego State University Mee Young Hong San Diego State University Watermelon Powder Supplementation Reduces Colonic Cell Proliferation by Upregulating p21Waf1/Cip1 Expression Diet and Cancer Objectives: Watermelon is high in L-citrulline, a precursor for L-arginine, which in turn may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Research has shown that L-arginine inhibits the hyperproliferation of colorectal tumor cells as a marker for CRC. The objective of this study was, therefore, to examine the effects of watermelon powder supplementation on colonic cell proliferation and their gene expression. The hypothesis was that watermelon powder supplementation would reduce CRC risk by regulating colonic expression of genes related to epithelial cell proliferation.Methods: Thirty-two 21-day-old, male, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the following isocaloric diets: 0.5% watermelon powder, 0.36% L-arginine, and control for 9 weeks. All animals were injected with azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body weight). Colonic cell proliferation was measured using ki-67 immunohistochemistry, and colonic gene expression was determined using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: Both watermelon powder and L-arginine groups exhibited lower proliferating index (P = 0.041) and lower proliferative zone (P = 0.041). In addition, watermelon powder and L-arginine supplementation upregulated p21Waf1/Cip1 gene expression (P = 0.048). There were no significant differences in the expression of Cyclin D1, Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ).Conclusions: These results suggest that watermelon or L-arginine supplementation may decrease the risk of CRC as they both reduced proliferation by upregulating a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Additional markers for gene expression involving cell proliferation are needed to confirm the present findings.Funding Sources: National Watermelon Promotion Board (NWPB 15-16) National Cancer Institutes of Health (U54CA132384 for SDSU and U54132379 for UCSD)

P05-041-20 Assessing Dietary Phosphorus Intake and Serum Phosphorus in Adults with Liver Conditions: NHANES 2015-2016 1340842 Sowmiya Muthuraju Texas Woman's University Derek Miketinas Texas Woman's University Assessing Dietary Phosphorus Intake and Serum Phosphorus in Adults with Liver Conditions: NHANES 2015-2016 Diet and Cancer Objectives: Patients with liver conditions may have increased phosphorus turnover which can increase the risk of severe hypophosphatemia and other complications. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to quantify the usual intake of phosphorus, assess serum phosphorus (SP) levels across levels of liver conditions, and to estimate and assess the odds for having critically low phosphorus levels across adults with and without liver conditions.Methods: Data were obtained from the NHANES 2015-2016 cycle. Adults were divided into four groups based on self-reported responses from the NHANES medical history questionnaire: liver cancer (LC), unspecified current liver condition (CLC), unspecified resolved liver condition (RLC), and no liver condition. Usual intake was estimated using the NCI method and all analyses were adjusted to account for the complex, multistage, probability sampling design.Results: Usual phosphorus intake was highest in participants with RLC (1399 ± 26.5 mg) and lowest in participants with LC (1267 ± 140.7 mg). Although the percentage of those meeting the EAR for phosphorus was high ( > 95%), SP levels are lowest in participants with LC. SP levels differed slightly across liver conditions: participants with LC had a SP level of 1.0 ± 0.07 mmol/L, while participants with CLC, RLC, or no liver conditions had SP levels of 1.2 ± 0.01 mmol/L, 1.2 ± 0.01 mmol/L, and 1.2 ± 0.02 mmol/L, respectively. Participants with CLC had a usual phosphorus intake of 1350 ± 49.6 mg, and those who had no liver conditions had a usual phosphorus intake of 1387± 18.5 mg. The odds for normal phosphorus levels in participants with LC was low (Odds = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01 – 0.45); the odds for CLC participants having normal SP levels was 1.6 ( 95% CI: 1.2-2.15); the odds for normal SP levels in participants with RLC were 2.2 (95% CI: 1.3-3.75), and the odds for normal SP in participants with no liver conditions odds for low were 1.9, (95% CI: 1.71-2.14).Conclusions: These results indicate that patients with liver cancer are at higher risk of hypophosphatemia, and that phosphorus recommendations for patients with liver cancer may need to be adjusted. However, the variability in this subpopulation with liver cancer is high and warrants further investigation.Funding Sources: None

P05-043-20 An Untargeted Metabolomic Study of the Effects of Vitamin D and/or Calcium Supplementation Among Individuals at High Risk for Colorectal Neoplasms 1341805 Paula-Dene Nesbeth Laney Graduate School, Emory University Veronika Fedirko Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Dean Jones Department of Medicine, Emory University Tianwei Yu Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University Roberd Bostick Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Elizabeth Barry Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College John Baron Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill An Untargeted Metabolomic Study of the Effects of Vitamin D and/or Calcium Supplementation Among Individuals at High Risk for Colorectal Neoplasms Diet and Cancer Objectives: To obtain preliminary data on the independent and synergistic anti-neoplastic effects of 1-year supplementation with vitamin D3 and/or calcium on the plasma metabolome and metabolic pathways among individuals at high risk for colorectal neoplasms.Methods: This study was an untargeted metabolomic analysis that used data and biosamples from a completed, large, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of vitamin D3 (1000 IU/d) and/or calcium (1,200 mg/d via calcium carbonate) for preventing colorectal adenoma recurrence. High resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with positive and negative ion modes was used to measure >20,000 metabolites in the baseline and year 1 follow-up plasma samples from the four treatment groups (n = 30/group). The data were processed for peak extraction and quantification of ion intensities using xMSanalyzer software with apLCMS. Using repeated measures mixed models and false discovery rate adjustment, top features associated with each treatment combination were identified. Significant features (unadjusted P Results: Following 1 year of treatment, in the calcium treatment group relative to placebo, pathways related to carnitine shuttle; prostaglandin formation from arachidonate; fructose and caffeine metabolism were significantly modulated (P 3 treatment (P 3 treatment were leukotriene, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin A, arachidonic acid metabolism, and fatty acid activation (P Conclusions: Our preliminary results suggest significant changes in prostaglandin formation pathway in plasma of individuals at high risk for colorectal cancer supplemented for 1 year with calcium alone and calcium plus vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 supplementation modulated the arachidonic acid pathway supporting its effects on inflammation. Our study supports continued investigation of vitamin D3 and calcium’s anti-carcinogenic actions.Funding Sources: National Cancer Institute

P05-045-20 Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Insulin Resistance in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity Treated with Chemotherapy 1341887 Kate Ormiston Ohio State University Zihan Zhang The Ohio State University Kelly Murphy The Ohio State University A. Courtney DeVries Ohio State University Maryam Lustberg Ohio State University Rebecca Andridge The Ohio State University Tonya Orchard Ohio State University Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Insulin Resistance in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity Treated with Chemotherapy Diet and Cancer Objectives: Our objective was to examine effects of dietary enrichment of eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) on high fat diet-induced insulin resistance during chemotherapy.Methods: Adult , female C57Bl/6 mice (n=48) were assigned to 1 of 3 diets; low-fat diet (LF; 10% kcals fat), high-fat diet (HF; 45% kcals fat), or HF diet with omega-3s (HF n-3; 2% kcals EPA+DHA) for 7 weeks. Mice received vehicle or chemotherapy injections (doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide), by tail vein at week 4 and 6. Food intake and body weights were recorded. Fasted blood glucose and serum insulin were measured weekly. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Body composition was measured using Echo MRI. Data were analyzed using ANOVA; p Results: Total kilocalories significantly differed by group (pConclusions: Chemotherapy lowered body weight and body fat in mice, potentially contributing to decreases in blood glucose and insulin resistance. EPA + DHA enrichment of a HF diet reduced insulin resistance in mice comparable to a LF diet group. This occurred in both chemotherapy and vehicle treated mice, despite LF diet-fed mice having lower body weight and adiposity. Underlying mechanisms are being investigated.Funding Sources: NIH #5R01CA18994

P05-046-20 Trends in Healthy Eating Index Scores Among Women of Varying Ethnic Backgrounds with Gynecological and Breast Cancers 1339897 Meghan Owens Texas Woman's University Derek Miketinas Texas Woman's University Trends in Healthy Eating Index Scores Among Women of Varying Ethnic Backgrounds with Gynecological and Breast Cancers Diet and Cancer Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine if Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores significantly differ between women in varying ethnicity groups with self-reported gynecological cancer or breast cancer.Methods: NHANES 2015-2016 data were examined to determine subjects and categorize them based on ethnicity group and self-reported cancer diagnoses. A total of 2,602 women were identified and grouped by self-reported cancer diagnosis. Usual HEI scores were estimated over two days using the NCI method and adjusted for the following covariates: family income to poverty ratio, Body Mass Index, age, and smoking exposure. Ethnicity groups included were Mexican-American, Other Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, and Multiracial. Cancer diagnoses of breast, cervical, ovarian, and uterine were compared across ethnicity groups. Independent samples t-tests and Cohen’s D were calculated. Analysis was conducted using SAS version 9.4.Results: Overall, diet quality was poor among the sample. Those with cervical cancer had the highest average HEI scores (48.6 + 3.0; 95% CI: 42.1 – 55.0) while those with breast cancer had the lowest average HEI scores (41.7 + 3.6; 95% CI: 34.0 – 49.3). Within those with breast cancer, non-Hispanic white women had the highest HEI scores (43.5 + 4.0; 95%CI: 34.8, 52.1) compared to other ethnicities (Cohen’s D ranged between 0.28 – 0.42). Hispanic women with ovarian cancer had an HEI score of 26.98 points lower than white women with ovarian cancer. Overall, ethic minority groups had lower average HEI scores when compared to Non-Hispanic White women with the same type of cancer.Conclusions: In some instances Non-Hipsanic white women had higher average HEI scores; however, this was not true across all cancer types. These results suggest that there are differences in diet quality scores among various cancer types, but overall diet quality is generally poor across ethnicity groups.Funding Sources: None

P05-047-20 Dynamics of Cancer- and Immune-Pathway Gene Expression During Colitis and Recovery from Gut Injury in Mice Fed the Total Western Diet 1341398 Daphne Rodriguez Utah State University Canyon Neil Utah State University Tess Armburst Utah State University Gauri Garg Utah State University Korry Hintze Utah State University James Pestka Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University Abby Benninghoff Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University Dynamics of Cancer- and Immune-Pathway Gene Expression During Colitis and Recovery from Gut Injury in Mice Fed the Total Western Diet Diet and Cancer Objectives: Consumption of a Western type diet is a known risk factor for colorectal cancer. Our group previously developed the total Western diet (TWD) for rodents with energy and nutrient profiles that emulate a typical Western diet. In prior studies, consumption of the TWD in C57BL6/J mice markedly enhanced gut inflammation and colon tumorigenesis. In this study, our objective was to assess the dynamics of immune and cancer pathway gene expression during the onset and resolution of DSS-induced colitis.Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed the standard AIN93G diet or the TWD diet for 45 days; on day 21, mice were provided 1% (w/V) DSS in the drinking water for 10 days. On days 33 and 45, the colitis disease activity index was determined. Also, days 21, 33, and 45, colon mucosa was collected (n=8 per group) and total mRNA was isolated for gene expression analysis using the NanoString nCounter Mouse PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel, which targets 750 cancer- and immune-related genes.Results: Results of these targeted gene expression analyses point to striking up-regulation of hundreds of genes associated with interferon response, inflammation, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and chemokines and receptor pathways in mice fed TWD as compared to the standard AIN diet during active colitis. In a pattern that mirrored the persistent elevation in inflammation and mucosal injury observed in our prior longitudinal studies with TWD and DSS exposure, dysregulation of many of these genes persisted through recovery from gut injury, in addition to the stimulation of other pathways, such as B-cell activation and antigen processing.Conclusions: This study is the first to assess the dynamics of immune and cancer pathway gene expression during the onset and resolution of DSS-induced colitis and the first to employ highly multiplexed, direct digital detection NanoString technology for analysis of a colitis transcriptome in mouse colon mucosa. Our observations indicate that consumption of the TWD markedly enhanced colitis, delayed recovery from gut injury, and enhanced colon tumorigenesis likely via extensive changes in expression of immune-related genes in the colon mucosa.Funding Sources: Supported by the Hatch Capacity Project from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture and the Dr. Robert and Carol Deibel Family Endowment

P05-054-20 Dietary Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk 1340236 Hui Sun Guilin Tourism University Zhi-gui He Guilin Tourism University Dong Zhao Guilin Tourism University Dietary Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk Diet and Cancer Objectives: Over the past decade, Multiple systematic reviews and meta- analyses have reported epidemiological associations between colorectal cancer and dietary patterns. while the use of new technologies, such as metabolomics, to analyze the effects of different dietary patterns on metabolites and intestinal flora, can provide further insights into the relationship between diet and cancer risk. In this Review , we summarize the current state of the field to assess the impact of various dietary patterns on colorectal cancer risk.Methods: This review mainly adopts the literature research method. The references were collected from PubMed and Web of Science, with colon cancer, colorectal cancer, rectal cancer, Dietary patterns, Mediterranean Dietary patterns(MED), western Dietary patterns(WD), Plant-based Dietary patterns(PBD), Pro-inflammatory Dietary patterns(PID) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension(DASH) as the key words, and the publications of the last ten years were collected for analysis.Results: The impact of different dietary patterns on colorectal cancer risk may depend on family history, gender, age and other lifestyle and intestinal flora factors. But overall, PBD, MED, DASH, and Antioxidant-rich diets(ARD) can reduce colorectal cancer risk. WD, PID, and Hyperinsulinaemic diet(HID) may increase the risk of colorectal cancer.Conclusions: Increasing the proportion of whole fruits, grains, vegetables, olive oil, and fish in the diet, and reducing red and processed meats, fine grains, fruit juices, and alcohol intake can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.Funding Sources: This work was supported by Guilin Science and Technology Bureau [Science and Technology Breakthrough Project 20170103-4]. Zhi-gui He is the corresponding author.

P05-055-20 A Case-Control Study Examining the Association of Fiber Intake and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Palestinian Population 1340100 Hania Taha University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Alexander Slade Virginia Commonwealth Health System Betty Schwartz Hebrew University of Jerusalem Anna Arthur Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign A Case-Control Study Examining the Association of Fiber Intake and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Palestinian Population Diet and Cancer Objectives: Associations between diet and colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been examined in a population inhabiting the Palestinian territories, which are undergoing a nutrition transition. Understanding how diet may impact CRC risk among Palestinians is essential to developing targeted, culturally-relevant strategies that could alleviate the burden of this disease. The aim of this study was to examine how dietary fiber and fruit & vegetable (FV) intakes are associated with the risk of CRC among Palestinian adults recruited from a tertiary care facility in East Jerusalem.Methods: This was a case-control study of 528 Palestinian men and women > 18 years old who were recruited from Augusta Victoria Hospital (AVH) between 2014 and 2016. Cases included 118 patients who were treated for CRC at AVH. Controls included 410 individuals who consisted of a community-based sample of Palestinian individuals without cancer. All participants completed a survey regarding demographics, CRC-related risk factors, and a validated food screener to assess intakes of dietary fiber and FV. Multivariable logistic regression models tested associations between dietary fiber and FV intakes (categorized into quartiles) with the risk of CRC, adjusting for sex, diabetes, family history of CRC, and inflammatory bowel disease.Results: After adjusting for covariates, as dietary fiber increased across quartiles of intake, the risk of CRC significantly decreased (OR for Q4 vs Q1 = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.12-0.58, p-trend=0.0007). There was no significant association observed between FV intake and CRC risk.Conclusions: Consumption of high dietary fiber was associated with lower CRC risk in this case-control study of a Palestinian population. The development and testing of culturally-relevant dietary interventions to promote increasing dietary fiber intake among Palestinians are needed, particularly interventions targeting those at high risk for developing CRC.Funding Sources: USDA/NIFA Hatch Project 1011487 and a Pears Foundation Scholarship from the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

P05-057-20 Dietary Carbohydrates, Fiber, Whole Grain and the Risk of Lung Cancer: Conclusions from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) 1339944 Jun Tao The University of Hong Kong Aminah Jatoi Mayo Clinic Jeffrey Crawford Duke University Wendy W. Lam The University of Hong Kong James C. Ho The University of Hong Kong Xiaofei Wang Duke University Herbert Pang The University of Hong Kong Dietary Carbohydrates, Fiber, Whole Grain and the Risk of Lung Cancer: Conclusions from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) Diet and Cancer Objectives: Inconsistent findings have been reported on the link between dietary carbohydrates and lung cancer incidence. We comprehensively evaluated the associations of dietary carbohydrates, fibers and their food sources with lung cancer in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial.Methods: The study included 113,096 eligible participants recruited to the PLCO trial. Participants had to have completed baseline and diet history questionnaires. The incidence of lung cancer was acquired through self-report and medical record follow-up. A multivariable logistic model adjusted for confounders was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of dietary carbohydrates, fibers, whole grains, glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) for lung cancer. Similar methods were applied in analyzing the food sources of carbohydrates and fibers. Multinomial logistic models were used for sensitivity analysis with lung cancer subtypes as outcomes.Results: Dietary carbohydrates and GL were associated with a lower risk of lung cancer in the PLCO population. Among various carbohydrates, 30-gram daily consumption of dietary fibers was related to a lower risk of lung cancer (the fourth vs the first quartile OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.54-0.72) compared with 8.8-gram. Furthermore, consuming 2.3 servings of whole grain per day as opposed to 0.3 servings per day was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.83). Nevertheless, a higher risk of lung cancer was seen for high-GI food consumption (P=0.013) and refined carbohydrates from soft drinks (P=0.016).Conclusions: A higher quantity of high-quality carbohydrates and fibers from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are associated with lower lung cancer risk. Refined carbohydrates, such as soft drinks, appear to increase risk.Funding Sources: The University Postgraduate Fellowship from the University of Hong Kong

P05-059-20 Consumption of Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products Promotes Prostate Tumor Growth by Creating a Tumor Enhancing Stromal Microenvironment 1341404 David Turner MUSC Bradley Krisanits Medical University of South Carolina Callan Frye MUSC Lourdes Nogueira MUSC Ried Schuster MUSC Marvella Ford Medical University of South Carolina Oomfuma Omonefe USC Susan Steck University of South Carolina Lindsay Peterson Washington University Michael Lilly MUSC Courtney Thomas SCSU Mahtabuddin Ahmed SCSU Victoria Findlay MUSC Consumption of Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products Promotes Prostate Tumor Growth by Creating a Tumor Enhancing Stromal Microenvironment Diet and Cancer Objectives: The literature regarding the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on tumor biology has shown only moderate promise reflected by increases in cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro which is not supported by increased tumor growth in vivo14-16. A caveat to these studies is that they are centered upon a single AGE peptide and a subsequent assessment of their molecular effects on tumor epithelial cells. The objective is to show that by feeding mice a high AGE diet we can recapitulate a microenvironment comprising of a wide spectrum of AGEs which can influence neoplastic growth.Methods: We recapitulated a dietary-AGE induced microenvironment in syngeneic xenograft and spontaneous breast and prostate mouse cancer models and the effects on tumor growth assessed. The mechanistic consequences of dietary-AGEs on the tumor microenvironment were further defined using mouse and human primary and immortalized two-compartment co-culture ex vivo culture models.Results: Dietary-AGE consumption in breast and prostate tumor models significantly accelerated tumor growth by functioning as ligand to the transmembrane receptor for AGE (RAGE). Our studies demonstrate that AGEs promote neoplastic growth by functioning as ligand to RAGE expressed in the tumor stroma not the tumor epithelial cells. Dietary-AGE activation of RAGE in both breast and prostate tumors caused a regulatory program of ‘activated fibroblasts’ defined by increased expression of cancer associated fibroblast markers, NFkB and MYC upregulation, and pro-tumorigenic paracrine secretion. Complementary to this, our published studies show that high intake of dietary AGE after BCa diagnosis increases risk of mortality in postmenopausal women.Conclusions: These data demonstrate, for the first time, the oncogenic potential of dietary-AGEs in promoting neoplastic growth. This lays the foundation for strategic changes aimed at reducing cancer incidence and mortality as pharmacological, educational and/or interventional strategies aimed at reducing the dietary-AGE accumulation pool may one day be viewed as universal cancer preventative and/or therapeutic initiatives especially when combined with existing therapies.Funding Sources: David P. Turner was supported by grants from the NIH/NCI, R21 CA194469 and U54 CA21096.

P05-060-20 Disparities in Health and Economic Burden of Cancer Attributable to Suboptimal Diet in the United States 1341140 Lu Wang Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Mengxi Du Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Frederick Cudhea Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Christina Griecci Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Heesun Eom Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Dominique Michaud Public Health & Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University Dariush Mozaffarian Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Fang Fang Zhang Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Disparities in Health and Economic Burden of Cancer Attributable to Suboptimal Diet in the United States Diet and Cancer Objectives: Suboptimal diet contributes to substantial health disparities among low-income and racial and ethnic minorities, but influences on cancer disparities are not well established. We quantified the health and economic burdens of cancer attributable to suboptimal diet among US adults overall and in key demographic subgroups.Methods: Using a probabilistic cohort state transition model, we incorporated national representative demographics and dietary data, national cancer incidence and cancer survival, diet-cancer etiologic associations, and cancer-related healthcare costs to estimate new cancer cases, cancer deaths, and cancer costs attributable to suboptimal intakes of 7 dietary factors (fruits, vegetables, dairy, whole grains, processed meats, red meats, sugar sweetened beverages) among US adults aged 20+ years over their lifetime. Uncertainties in inputs were incorporated using probabilistic sensitivity analyses in 1000 simulations.Results: Suboptimal intakes of these 7 dietary factors were estimated to jointly cause 1.76 (95% UI: 1.69-1.81) million new cancer cases, representing 4.6% (4.5-4.8%) of total cases of these cancers, 1.04 (1.00–1.08) million cancer death, and $215B (206-223) cancer-related healthcare costs in US adults over their lifetime. The top 3 diet-attributable cancers were colorectal (n=824,000 new cases, 17% of the total), oral cavity and pharynx (n=204,000, 8.4%), and endometrial cancer (n=175,000, 5.8%). Among subgroups, diet-attributable new cancer cases per 100,000 population were 16% higher for men (805 [777-843]) than women, 20% higher for non-Hispanic blacks (939 [901-954]) than non-Hispanic white, 12% higher for below college educated (771[727-817]) than college graduates, 14% higher for lower income individuals (income-to-poverty ratio Conclusions: Our novel findings suggest that suboptimal intakes of 7 dietary factors are contributing to substantial cancer burdens and healthcare costs in the US, with major additional disparities among key population subgroups. These results help inform dietary and policy priorities to reduce diet-related cancer and disparities in the US.Funding Sources: NIH/NIMHD

P05-061-20 Obesity-Related Cancer Burden Associated with Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Among US Adults 1341135 Lu Wang Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Frederick Cudhea Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Heesun Eom Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Mengxi Du Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Dominique Michaud Public Health & Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University Dariush Mozaffarian Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Fang Fang Zhang Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University Obesity-Related Cancer Burden Associated with Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Among US Adults Diet and Cancer Objectives: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is associated with excess calorie intake and weight gain. Weight gain and obesity contributes to the risk of 13 types of cancer. We aim to quantify obesity-related cancer burden associated with UPF consumption among US adults.Methods: We used a Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) model to estimate the number and proportion of obesity-related cancer cases associated with UPF consumption among US adults aged 20+ years in 2015. The model incorporated data and corresponding uncertainty on UPF consumption estimated from a nationally representative sample of US adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016, effects of UPF consumption on increasing calorie intake from a randomized controlled trial, estimated weight reduction in response to calorie reduction in consideration of reduced energy expenditure, BMI-cancer relative risk estimates from meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies, and the 2015 national cancer incidence obtained from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results.Results: An estimated 15,200 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 13,900- 16,400) obesity-related cancer cases newly diagnosed in 2015 among US adults were associated with high UPF consumption, accounting for 1.0% (95% UI: 0.9%-1.1%) of all new cancer cases in 2015. The top 5 cancers with the largest number of new cancer cases associated with high UPF consumption were postmenopausal breast cancer (n=3602, accounting for 1.9% of all postmenopausal breast cancer cases), endometrial cancer (n=3590, 6.9%), kidney cancer (n=2530, 4.3%), liver cancer (n=1220, 3.9%), and colorectal cancer (n=1190, 0.9%). The proportion of new cancer cases associated with UPF consumption was higher among women (1.4% [95% UI: 0.9%-1.1%]), middle-aged population (aged 45-54 years: 1.1% [95% UI: 1.0%-1.2%]; aged 55-64 years: 1.2% [95% UI: 1.1%-1.2%]), non-Hispanic blacks (1.1% [95% UI: 1.0%-1.1%]) and Hispanics (1.1% [95% UI: 1.0%-1.1%]) compared to other age, sex, and race/ethnicity groups.Conclusions: More than 15000 new cancer cases are estimated to be associated with UPF consumption among US adults in 2015, with middle-aged women and racial/ethnic minorities experiencing higher proportions of obesity-related cancer burden associated with high UPF consumption.Funding Sources: NIH/NIMHD

P05-062-20 Hemoglobin A1c Levels Modify Associations Between Dietary Acid Load and Breast Cancer Recurrence 1341036 Tianying Wu San Diego State University Fang-Chi Hsu Wake Forest University Shunran Shunran Wang San Diego State University John Pierece University of California, San Diego Hemoglobin A1c Levels Modify Associations Between Dietary Acid Load and Breast Cancer Recurrence Diet and Cancer Objectives: Metabolic acidosis promotes cancer metastasis. No prospective studies have examined the association between dietary acid load and breast cancer recurrence among breast cancer survivors, who are susceptible to metabolic acidosis. Hyperglycemia promotes cancer progression and acid formation; however, researchers have not examined whether hyperglycemia can modify the association between dietary acid load and breast cancer recurrence. Methods: We studied 3081 early-stage breast cancer survivors enrolled in the Women’s Healthy Eating and Living study who provided dietary information through 24-hour recalls at baseline and during follow-up and had measurements of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at baseline. We assessed dietary acid load using two common dietary acid load scores, potential renal acid load (PRAL) score, and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) score.Results: After an average of 7.3 years of follow-up, dietary acid load was positively associated with recurrence when baseline HbA1c levels were ≥ 5.6% (median level) and ≥5.7% (pre-diabetic cut-point). In the stratum with HbA1c ≥ 5.6%, comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of dietary acid load, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio was 2.15 (95%CI 1.34-3.48) for PRAL and was 2.31 (95%CI 1.42-3.74) for NEAP. No associations were observed in the stratum with HbA1c levels were Conclusions: Our study demonstrated for the first time that even at or above normal to high HbHbA1c levels, dietary acid load was associated increased risk of breast cancer recurrence among breast cancer survivors.Funding Sources: California Tobacco Research Foundation NIH/NCI

P05-066-20 Associations of Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biomarkers with Affective Symptoms and Cognition in Women Beginning Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer 1340424 Zihan Zhang The Ohio State University Kate Ormiston Ohio State University Tonya Orchard Ohio State University Maryam Lustberg Ohio State University Patrick Schnell The Ohio State University Associations of Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biomarkers with Affective Symptoms and Cognition in Women Beginning Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Diet and Cancer Objectives: The objective of this research was to examine if the serum levels of long chain omega 3 fatty acids (LCn-3 FA) or long chain omega-6 fatty acids (LCn-6 FA) were associated with affective symptoms and cognition in breast cancer patients beginning chemotherapy.Methods: 60 women with breast cancer were assigned to a double-blinded randomized study of minocycline vs placebo. Serum was collected from 53 women at baseline and post-chemotherapy and was stored at -80C. Serum fatty acids (FAs) from 37 pairs of samples from both time points were extracted, methylated, then analyzed using gas chromatography. Changes in fatty acids were analyzed by using paired sample t-test. Cognitive and affective behaviors were measured by Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Adult Version (BRIEF-A) test, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and UCLA 3 item Loneliness Scale. Associations between baseline FAs and cognitive and affective test scores were measured by Pearson correlations; pResults: Preliminary results suggest there were significant increases in the following serum FAs from baseline to post chemotherapy: C14:0 (p Conclusions: There was a significant change in the serum FA profile of women with breast cancer from baseline to post-chemotherapy. There were non-significant trends for n-3 FAs to be associated with better executive function, and n-6 FAs to be correlated with less anxiety and loneliness prior to beginning chemotherapy. Future research will investigate associations among serum FAs, cognitive and affective tests post-chemotherapy.Funding Sources: Stephanie Spielman Breast Cancer Center - Kroger Fund OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center Pelotonia Award

P06-002-20 The Effect of In Vitro-digestion on Mammalian Milks' Insulin and IGF-1 1341935 Wafa Almohmadi North Carolina State University Jonathan Allen North Carolina State University The Effect of In Vitro-digestion on Mammalian Milks' Insulin and IGF-1 Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: This study investigated the impact of in vitro-digestion and spray-dry processing on insulin concentration and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in milk from several species. Diabetes is a growing health problem in the U.S. and worldwide, predicted to affect 642 million people by 2040. To date, insulin therapy is considered to be the best treatment due to its low side effects. However, insulin treatment in type-2 diabetes can lead to insulin resistance. Natural alternatives are used to treat diabetes in many regions of the world, and mechanisms of action need investigating. Literature shows that daily camel milk consumption led to a decrease in insulin dose in patients with type 1 diabetes and can improve glucose control in type-2 diabetes. The presence of bioactive insulin has been hypothesized as a mechanism for this effect.Methods: Human Insulin and Bovine IGF-1 immunoactivity were measured in milk from Human, Bovine, Goat, and Camel and spray dried milk from goat and camel by ELISA (RayBioTech) with microplate reader. Raw and pasteurized samples subjected to in vitro digestion were also measured. Results: Raw goat and camel milk showed insulin immunoreactivity with approximately 31, and 20 µIU/mL, respectively. Spray-dried goat and camel milk from different animals showed insulin immunoreactivity of approximately 26, and 20 µIU/mL, respectively. Insulin immunoactivity in bovine and human milk was 16 and 20 µIU/mL. In vitro digestion did not decrease insulin levels in either goat or camel milk, but significantly reduced human and bovine milk insulin immunoactivity. Bovine IGF1 did not cross react with this anti-human insulin antibody. IGF-1 immunoactivity was present in goat milk at very low concentration but not detected in other samples. Conclusions: Goat and camel milk (fresh and spray dried) had high insulin concentrations. There was no impact of in vitro-digestion and spray dried processing on insulin levels. IGF-1 was only present in raw goat milk . IGF-1 was not detected in camel milk samples suggesting that the antidiabetic effects of camel milk is due to its insulin concentration and the ability of the insulin to survive gastric and intestinal digestion, as well as pasteurization.Funding Sources: NIFA; NCSU

P06-006-20 Consumption of “Cerrado” Cashew Pulp Affects Physiological Parameters and Gene Expression in Obese C57BL/6J High Fat-Fed Mice 1340036 Mariana Buranelo Egea Oregon State University Gavin Pierce Oregon State University Neil Shay Oregon State University Consumption of “Cerrado” Cashew Pulp Affects Physiological Parameters and Gene Expression in Obese C57BL/6J High Fat-Fed Mice Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: The pseudofruits of A. othonianum Rizz., the “Cerrado” cashew, are a good source of vitamin C; high in phenolic compounds; contain flavonoids such as vitexin and hesperindin, anthocyanins such as cyanindin, delphinidin, pelargonidin and peonidin; and high antioxidant activity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the beneficial health effects observed with the addition of “Cerrado” cashew pulp to an obesogenic diet in male C57BL/6J mice.Methods: Groups of C57BL/6J mice were provided low-fat diet (LF,10% kcal fat), high-fat diet (HF, 45 % kcal fat), or HF plus “Cerrado” cashew pulp (HF+CP, 2% of total kcal) during the 10-week feeding period. Mice were housed four per cage in a room maintained at a constant temperature (22±2°C) with a 12-hour light/dark cycle and given free access to food and distilled water. Body weights, food intake, and fasting glucose were determined. At the end of study mice were euthanized via cervical dislocation. Physiological parameters were measured during the study and post-mortem, serum and tissue parameters were measured, along with analysis of hepatic gene expression via Clarium gene arrays.Results: At the end of week 10, body weights for LF-fed mice were lower than mice fed HF and HF+CP (PConclusions: The intake of “Cerrado” cashew together with the obesogenic diet improved baseline glucose concentrations compared to HF-fed mice. Analysis of hepatic gene expression shows a number of metabolic pathways influenced by CP intake, including cell signaling and nuclear hormone activation. Funding Sources: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq and IF Goiano, Brazil

P06-008-20 Microbial Metabolites of Gallotannins Suppress Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages Through the Modulation of the AMPK/NF-kb Axis 1340314 Maria Castellon Chicas Texas A&M University Chuo Fang Texas A&M University Stephen Talcott Texas A&M University Susanne Talcott Department of Food Science at Texas A&M University Microbial Metabolites of Gallotannins Suppress Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Macrophages Through the Modulation of the AMPK/NF-kb Axis Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Obesity has been positively correlated with alterations in adipose tissue such as increased production of pro-inflammatory molecules and high content of adipose tissue macrophages. In previous in vitro studies, we have shown that microbial metabolites of gallotannins (GT), including gallic acid (GA) and pyrogallol (PG), possess anti-inflammatory activities in cancer cells, as well as anti-lipogenic activities in adipocytes. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanisms of microbial metabolites of GT by investigating the effect of GA and PG on the inflammatory cytokines expression, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and NF-kb signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Methods: RAW 264.7 macrophages were pre-treated with GA or PG (2.5 and 5 mg/L). Afterwards, inflammation was induced by 1 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) along with the previous treatment. In a separate experiment, RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated with or without 10 mM Compound C, an AMPK activity inhibitor, along with GA or PG (5 mg/L) and incubated with 1 mg/mL LPS. Analyses of gene and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines, AMPK and NF-kb were performed using qPCR and Western blot.Results: mRNA and protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were significantly decreased in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages by GA and PG. Additionally, GA and PG inhibited LPS-induced inflammation through the up-regulation of AMPK and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) activities, and the down-regulation of NF-kb activity. AMPK inhibition by Compound C in RAW 264.7 macrophages partially blocked LPS-induced inflammatory signaling. As a result, the inhibitory effects of GA and PG on LPS-induced inflammation were weakened.Conclusions: GA and PG attenuate inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages at least in part through the activation of the AMPK pathway and the suppression of NF-kb activity. Overall, microbial metabolites of GT might possess therapeutic potential in the prevention of obesity-related adipose tissue inflammation.Funding Sources: COALS’s Nutrition Obesity Strategic Fellowship at Texas A&M University

P06-012-20 Free Choline, but Not Phosphatidylcholine, Elevates Circulating Trimethylamine-N-oxide and This Response Is Modified by the Gut Microbiota Composition in Healthy Men 1340896 Clara Cho Utah State University Niklas D.J. Aardema Utah State University Madison L. Bunnell Utah State University Deanna P. Larson Utah State University Sheryl S. Aguilar Utah State University Janet R. Bergeson Utah State University Olga V. Malysheva Cornell University Marie A. Caudill Cornell University Michael Lefevre Utah State University Free Choline, but Not Phosphatidylcholine, Elevates Circulating Trimethylamine-N-oxide and This Response Is Modified by the Gut Microbiota Composition in Healthy Men Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a choline-derived gut microbiota-dependent metabolite, is a newly recognized risk marker for cardiovascular disease. However, the contributions of different forms of choline and gut microbiota composition on TMAO production are largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to: 1) compare acute TMAO response to meals containing free choline (choline bitartrate) versus fat-soluble choline (phosphatidylcholine) and 2) to determine the effects of gut microbiota composition on TMAO response.Methods: In a controlled, double-blinded, cross-over study, healthy men (n = 37) were provided meals containing (i) 600 mg choline as choline bitartrate (free choline); (ii) 600 mg choline as phosphatidylcholine; or (iii) no choline control in a random order. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and throughout the 6-h study period; a one-time stool sample was collected at baseline.Results: Compared to no choline and phosphatidylcholine, free choline yielded 295% higher plasma TMAO (P = 0.002) and 250% higher urinary TMAO (P = 0.01), with no difference in TMAO response between phosphatidylcholine and no choline. High-TMAO producers (those with ≥40% increase in urinary TMAO response to free choline) had significantly different beta-diversity measures (unweighted UniFrac; PERMANOVA P = 0.01) compared to low-TMAO producers (those with Clostridium from Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae (in phylum Firmicutes) compared to low-TMAO producers (P Conclusions: Given that the majority of choline in food is in the form of phosphatidylcholine, the absence of TMAO elevation with phosphatidylcholine counters arguments that dietary choline should be avoided for TMAO-producing characteristics. Further, development of individualized dietary recommendations based on the gut microbiota composition may be a more appropriate strategy to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease.Funding Sources: This research was supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station Seed Grants Program.

P06-015-20 Mexican Endemic Black Bean Phenolic Extract Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential 1341482 Jonhatan Contreras Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (CATEJ) Azucena Herrera-González Universidad de Guadalajara Javier Arrizon CIATEJ Eugenia Lugo-Cervantes CIATEJ Luis Mojica CIATEJ Mexican Endemic Black Bean Phenolic Extract Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: The objective of this work was to evaluate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) phenolic extractMethods: Supercritical fluid extraction was used to obtain a water-ethanol 50% v/v phenolic extract from black beans. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total anthocyanin content (TAC) were quantified. Mass spectrometry analysis was used for compounds identification. Antioxidant potential was evaluated using radicals DPPH and ABTS inhibition assays. The extract was tested for Cyclooxygenase-2 human recombinant (COX-2) and nitric oxide synthase (NOs) inhibition assays.Results: TPC was 44.31±1.91 mg GAE/g dry coat and TAC was 2.46±0.04 mg C3GE/g dry coat. Ferulic, caffeic, p-coumaric, chlorogenic acids, rutin, glycitein, catechin, myricetin, kaempferol, cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside and malvinidin-3-glucoside were identified. DPPH assay IC50 was 143.8±2.76 mg GAE/g dry coat and for to ABTS assay was 1.197±0.01 mg GAE/g dry coat. Furthermore, Black beans phenolic extract inhibited COX-2 and NOs enzymes activity by 30.63±0.73 % and 32.33±2.9%, respectively.Conclusions: Phenolic compounds from endemic Mexican black present antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. These beans could be used in the development of functional foods.Funding Sources: CONACYT-FORDECYT GRANT “Aprovechamiento”

P06-016-20 URI-1 Levels Are Elevated in Fatty Livers of db/db and C57BL/6 Mice Fed Trans-10,Cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid 1340386 Luis Cordero-Monroy University of Manitoba Carla Taylor University of Manitoba Peter Zahradka University of Manitoba URI-1 Levels Are Elevated in Fatty Livers of db/db and C57BL/6 Mice Fed Trans-10,Cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: This study was designed to investigate whether unconventional prefoldin RPB5 interactor (URI)-1 mediates hepatic accumulation of triglyceride (TG) in response to a diet with trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12 CLA) in lean or genetically obese mice. URI-1 belongs to the prefoldin family of proteins that have been shown to coordinate nutrient availablility by transcriptional regulation of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Thus, it was hypothesized that URI-1 in liver is involved in increased fatty acid uptake and accumulation leading to fatty liver.Methods: C57BL/6 and db/db mice were randomly assigned to two diet groups, control (CTL) and t10,c12 CLA (0.4% w/w). After 4 weeks, the mice were weighed and euthanized. Livers were dissected, weighed and stored at –80ºC. Liver lysates were prepared from the tissue for Western blotting to measure hepatic protein levels of URI-1 and FABP1. The amount of lipid in the livers was determined using the LabAssay™ Triglyceride kit, a colorimetric TG assay.Results: The liver to body weight ratio of db/db and C57BL/6 mice fed t10,c12 CLA increased by 90% and 52%, respectively, compared to their counterparts fed the CTL diet. Likewise, the hepatic TG concentration (mg TG/mg protein) was increased 38% and 5-fold, respectively, in CLA-fed db/db and C57BL/6 mice compared to CTL db/db and C57BL/6 mice. Western blotting showed that FABP1 levels were approximately 2-fold greater in the db/db t10,c12 CLA group relative to the db/db CTL group, and may contribute to increased fatty acid uptake. Furthermore, URI-1 protein levels were elevated 4-fold in db/db and C57BL6 mice fed t10,c12 CLA compared to their respective CTL groups. Lastly, correlation analysis revealed that URI-1 levels were significantly correlated with hepatic TG concentrations (r=0.61) and liver/body weight ratio (r=0.64).Conclusions: This study revealed a relationship between hepatic TG accumulation and URI-1, a protein associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis. This study provides a basis for in vitro experiments exploring the causative role of URI-1 in propagating hepatic TG accumulation, and ultimately the progression of fatty liver disease to HCC and cirrhosis.Funding Sources: University Collaborative Research Project, NSERC Discovery, and University of Manitoba Graduate Enhancement of Tri-Council Stipends

P06-017-20 Symbiotic Effects of Kefir and Yacon Flour (Smallanthus sonchifolius) on Bone Remodeling in Rats 1339966 Neuza Costa Federal University of Espirito Santo Anamares Gomes UFES Caroline Silva UFES Keila Zanardi UFES Andre Costa UFES Symbiotic Effects of Kefir and Yacon Flour (Smallanthus sonchifolius) on Bone Remodeling in Rats Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Kefir is a natural source of probiotics that confer benefits to the host's intestinal health. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a tuberous root originating in the Andes region, rich in prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which increases the absorption of minerals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prebiotic properties of yacon, the probiotic effect of kefir and the symbiotic action of the association between them in bone health in rats.Methods: Adult Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n=10): Group C (Control), Y (yacon flour, 51.34% FOS) K (kefir, 10⁷ UFC/mL), and YK (yacon flour + kefir). Group C received AIN-93 M + cow’s milk (1 mL/day), group Y received AIN-93 diet added by yacon flour to provide 5% FOS + cow’s milk, group K received fermented kefir (1mL/day,) , and group YK received yacon flour + fermented kefir. Feces and urine were collected for calcium balance in the last week of the experiment. At the end of 6 weeks, the animals were euthanized and the large intestine and blood sample were collected for analysis of intraluminal pH (pH meter Kasvi®) and biomarkers of bone remodeling, respectively. Calcium from diet, feces and urine was analyzed by atomic absorption. Osteocalcin (OC - EL-R0243), C telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX – EL-R1456) and N telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX – EL-R0276) were analyzed by ELISA, according to manufacture’s instructions (Elabscience, TX, USA). The results were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the Tukey test (p Results: No significant differences were observed between groups concerning calcium balance and cecal pH, although pH was slightly lower in the groups fed yacon (Y and YK). Biomarkers of bone formation (OC) and bone resorption (CTX and NTX) were significantly lower in group K (OC=7.29; CTX=4.04; NTX=94.31 ng/mL), compared to the control (OC=16.33; CTX=5.68; NTX=105.97 ng/mL). Groups Y (OC=13.63; CTX=5.13; NTX=114.34 ng/mL) and YK (OC=15.37; CTX=5.17; NTX=132.51 ng/mL) did not differ from the control.Conclusions: Prebiotic (Y) and Symbiotic (YK) were more effective than kefir in bone remodeling in rats, although fermentation in the large gut did not reduce pH sufficiently to improve calcium absorption and retention.Funding Sources: FAPES; CNPq and CAPES/Brazil

P06-018-20 Quality Parameters and Health Impact of Clarified “Cerrado” Cashew Juice (Anacardium othonianum Rizz.) 1340341 Daiane Costa dos Santos Goias Federal University Andriely Lucas Lima Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology Tainara Leal De Sousa Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology Nathalia Horrana Santos Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology Julián Zapata Ochoa Universidad de Antioquia Fabiano Guimarães Silva Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology Mariana Buranelo Egea Oregon State University Quality Parameters and Health Impact of Clarified “Cerrado” Cashew Juice (Anacardium othonianum Rizz.) Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Brazil is known for rich biological diversity and Anacardium othonianum Rizz., a Cerrado biome native species, is edible fruit and poorly reported in the literature. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality parameters and health impact of clarified “Cerrado” cashew juice (Anacardium othonianum Rizz.), that was consumed during 30 days for healthy women.Methods: Cashew juice was produced using clarification enzymatic process after maceration of A. othanianum pseudofruit. After this process the juice was pasteurized and its quality parameters (chemical characteristics, bioactive compounds, and active aroma composition) and the health impact (anthropometric and dietary assessment, biochemical tests including lipid profile and fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure measurement) were evaluated. The pilot study was realized with a daily intake of 400 mL of “Cerrado” cashew juice during 30 days for 9 health women.Results: The juice showed low pH, high sugar and vitamin C contents. Esters (mainly methyl butanoate and isobutyl acetate) were found as important chemical class for the active aroma of “Cerrado” cashew juice. The consume of “Cerrado” cashew juice increased the recommended daily intake of manganese (56%), zinc (22%), iron (14%), and copper (13%) and improved the time to reach the maximum glucose value in the glycemic curve, the hematological indices (leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets), and the inflammatory marker (white blood cells), as well as reduced the cholesterol (triglycerides, total, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels and systolic blood pressure in healthy women.Conclusions: Anacardium othonianum Rizz. pseudofruit, a species still virtually unknown and economically undervalued, it can be can be used for juice production and included in the diet and in addition to providing nutrients it can promote health benefits.Funding Sources: Capes, CNPq and IF Goiano (Brazil)

P06-020-20 Wheat Extract Oil (WEO) Attenuates UVB-Induced Photoaging via Collagen Synthesis in Human Keratinocytes and Hairless Mice 1341688 Barbara Davis PLT Health Solutions Dong Ju Son Chungbuk National University Jae Chul Jung Novarex Yong Min Choi Novarex Hyeon Yeol Ryu Korea Conformity Laboratories Somin Lee Korea Conformity Laboratories Wheat Extract Oil (WEO) Attenuates UVB-Induced Photoaging via Collagen Synthesis in Human Keratinocytes and Hairless Mice Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: The efficacy of wheat extract oil (WEO), standardized to glucosylceramides, for protecting against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage of skin barrier function was assessed using the SHK-1 hairless mouse model and two human skin cell lines, namely, CCD-986sk and HeCaT.Methods: The ability for repeated oral administration of 30, 60, and 120 mg of WEO/kg/day for 12 weeks to prevent skin damage of SKH-1 hairless mice induced by UVB irradiation was evaluated. To complement this work, and better understand the mechanism(s) through which this dietary ingredient works, changes in procollagen, hyaluronic acid (HA) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) levels were assessed in response to UVB treatment in the presence and absence of WEO.Results: The results demonstrated that UVB-induced water evaporation (transepidermal water loss, TEWL) was significantly decreased by WEO. Similarly, UVB-induced losses in moisture and skin elasticity were improved by WEO supplementation. WEO attenuated the tissue procollagen type I, HA, and ceramide reductions induced by UVB treatment as well. Collagen concentrations in skin tissue were increased in the WEO-treated mice, while UVB-induced epidermal thickening was reduced. In vitro studies using HeCaT human keratinocytes confirmed increased HA and collagen synthesis in response to WEO treatment. This may occur via WEO suppression of MMP-1, since its induction by UVB treatment was diminished in treated CCD-986sk cells.Conclusions: Oral administration of WEO improves skin barrier function in UVB-irradiated mice by attenuating damage typically observed in photoaging. This research further clarifies the clinical benefits previously observed by dietary WEO consumption.Funding Sources: Funding for this research was provided by the Life Science Research Institute, Novarex Co., Ltd.

P06-021-20 Dietary Strawberries Improve Insulin Resistance in Adults with the Metabolic Syndrome 1339953 Arpita Basu University of Nevada, Las Vegas Hal Scofield Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Nancy Betts Professor Kenneth Izuora University of Nevada, Las Vegas Arpita Basu University of Nevada, Las Vegas Dietary Strawberries Improve Insulin Resistance in Adults with the Metabolic Syndrome Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Dietary berries have been shown to lower cardio-metabolic risks in clinical trials. We examined the dose-response effects of two dietary achievable doses of strawberries on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and insulin resistance in adults with metabolic syndrome.Methods: In this 14-week randomized controlled crossover study, adults with metabolic syndrome were assigned to one of the three arms for 4 weeks separated by a one-week washout period: control powder, one serving strawberries (13 g powder/day), and 2.5 servings strawberries (32 g powder/day). The freeze-dried powders were blended in water, and participants consumed half the daily dose in the morning and half in the evening. Participants were instructed to follow their usual diet and lifestyle while refraining from consuming other berries and related products throughout the study.Results: Thirty participants completed all three phases of the trial (baseline profiles: weight: 90.8 ± 22.4 kg, BMI: 33.1 ± 4.2 kg/m2, waist circumference: 109 ± 12.5 cm, HbA1c : 5.8 ± 0.2%). Outcome measures were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of variance with statistical significance set at p p Conclusions: These data suggest that consuming strawberries at 2.5 servings daily for four weeks significantly improved insulin resistance and LDL particle profile in adults with metabolic syndrome.Funding Sources: Supported by the California Strawberry Commission

P06-024-20 The Effects of Berry Anthocyanin-Rich Diets for the Protection Against Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss 1340446 Marcus Elam California State Polytechnic University, Pomona Jacquenlyn Valenzuela Cal Poly Pomona Olivia Bouffard Cal Poly Pomona Dalia Vasquez Cal Poly Pomona Karenna Alexandra Martin Cal Poly Pomona Daniel Helzer Cal Poly Pomona The Effects of Berry Anthocyanin-Rich Diets for the Protection Against Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Osteoporosis is a condition of low bone mass that may affect women due to an abrupt cessation of ovarian hormones and increased level inflammation and oxidation. As the United States population increases and longevity rises, low bone mass that could lead to fractures poses an even greater health issue and cause for unnecessary health expenses. More and more, individuals are seeking alternatives such as functional foods as oppose to drug medications to attenuate the bone loss. Fruits like dried plums and certain berries are purported to have beneficial effects as strong antioxidants in retarding bone loss resulting from aging. To provide further in vivo evidence of blueberry effects and determine whether strawberry is supportive of bone health for the benefit of human consumption. The hypothesis of this study is that blueberry- and strawberry-rich diets will prevent or slow the progression of ovariectomy-induced bone loss in a rat model (Sprague Dawley) of osteoporosis.Methods: We fed 15 estrogen-deficient female rats (3-month old) with either a blueberry-rich (10% w/w), strawberry-rich (10% w/w), or normal diet (Ovx), and 3 intact (Sham) rats a normal diet for 13 weeks. Upon sacrifice, we collected major organs, blood, vertebrae, femora, and tibiae for analysis. Three-point bending tests were performed using a compressive hydraulic system on the femora and tibiae to asses bone fracture point, stiffness, and elasticity. Tissue mineralization of the 6th lumbar vertebrae were measured as ratio of ash to dry weight burning at 800°C in a muffled furnace. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b are being measured currently for presentation of results at the conference.Results: There were no differences in body weight between groups at the start or termination of the study, nor were changes in body weight different (P >0.05). Tissue mineralization trended to significance (PConclusions: Thus far, we cannot conclude that berry-rich diets are sufficient to protect against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in female rats.Funding Sources: The Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) of California State University

P06-025-20 Investigation of Vitamin K Quinone Metabolism by Human Gut Bacteria 1341788 Jessie Ellis Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University Xueyan Fu Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University J. Philip Karl U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Patrick Radcliffe US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Jason Soares US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center Laurel Doherty US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center Christopher Hernandez Cornell University Joel Mason Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University Angela Oliverio University of Colorado Boulder Sarah Booth Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University Investigation of Vitamin K Quinone Metabolism by Human Gut Bacteria Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Vitamin K (VK) is a family of structurally-related quinones, phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinones (MKn, n=prenyl units in side chain), that share a common napthoquinone ring (menadione, MD). VK quinones function as an essential dietary nutrient for humans. MD is considered a pro-vitamin form of VK. Plants and bacteria that produce VK quinones (PK and MKn, respectively) use them as an electron carrier in energy production. Little is known about the interaction of dietary VK quinones with gut bacteria, which may be bi-directional. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of VK quinones and MD on human gut bacteria composition and MKn production.Methods: Stool from 5 healthy male donors was pooled and inoculated in bioreactors under conditions mimicking the colon (anaerobic, pH 6.8, 37°C) for 48h. Bioreactors were treated with deuterium (2H)-labeled quinones (2H-PK, 2H-MK4, 2H-MK9 or 2H-MD); no quinones (cell controls); or 2H-quinone treatment with no stool (cell-free controls). Culture aliquots were collected at 0, 5, 10, 24, and 48h, and separated into pellet and supernatant fractions. Experiments were conducted in triplicate. All fractions were analyzed for VK quinone content using LC-MS. DNA from 0 and 24h pellet fractions was extracted and amplified for paired-end 16S sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq 2500. Differences in bacterial composition were assessed using PERMANOVA.Results: Supplemented 2H-quinones accumulated in the pellet fraction over time. This was not observed in cell-free controls and was thus not a function of culture media solubility. Endogenous (unlabeled) production of MKn was unaffected by supplementation of 2H-quinones. Generated 2H-MKn (2H-MK4, 2H-MK9, 2H-MK10, and 2H-MK11) were only detected in 2H-MD supplemented vessels. Community-wide bacterial composition significantly differed between 0h and 24h (r2=0.85, p=0.001), but not by quinone treatment.Conclusions: PK and MKn, dietary viamin K quinones, were not transformed by gut microbes to MKn in vitro, whereas the pro-vitamin quinone MD was transformed to MKn of multiple side chain lengths. Although no quinone induced community-wide changes in bacteria composition, additional analyses are needed to assess species-specific growth promotion.Funding Sources: USDA ARS and DOD Health Program

P06-026-20 Supplementation of Geranylgeraniol and Tocotrienols to High-Fat Diet Shifts the Gut Microbiome Composition and Function in Type 2 Diabetic Mice 1339921 Chwan-Li Shen Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Moamen Elmassry Texas Tech University Eunhee Chung University of Texas at San Antonio Abdul Hamood Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Supplementation of Geranylgeraniol and Tocotrienols to High-Fat Diet Shifts the Gut Microbiome Composition and Function in Type 2 Diabetic Mice Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: In recent years, characterization of gut microbiota composition and function were linked to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent evidence showed that Geranylgeraniol, an isoprenoid found in fruits, vegetables, and grains, improves glucose homeostasis. Similarly, Tocotrienols, a subfamily of vitamin E, also contains anti-diabetic properties. In this study, we examined the combined effect of geranylgeraniol and tocotrienols on the composition and function of gut microbiome in obese male mice.Methods: Forty male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to 4 groups in a factorial design as follows: high-fat diet (HFD) (control group), HFD+geranylgeraniol [400 mg/kg diet] (GG group), HFD+tocotrienols [400 mg/kg diet] (TT group), and HFD+geranylgeraniol+tocotrienols (G+T group) for 14 weeks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was done from cecal samples and microbiome and data analysis was performed with QIIME2 and PICRUSt2.Results: Across all groups, the most abundant phyla were Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. There was no difference in alpha diversity among different groups. Different treatments influenced the relative abundance of certain bacteria. In the Bacteroidetes phylum, the relative abundance of family S24-7 increased in the TT group only. In the Firmicutes phylum, the relative abundance of family Lachnospiraceae was reduced upon the supplementation of geranylgeraniol or tocotrienols; individually or in combination. In Verrucomicrobia phylum, Akkermansia muciniphila relative abundance was reduced in the TT group but increased in the G+T group. The results of functional profiling of the gut microbiome revealed that geranylgeraniol supplementation caused an increase in the proportion of biosynthetic pathways related to purine, pyrimidine, and inosine-5’-phosphate and hexitol fermentation, and a decrease in the proportion of pathways involved in the biosynthesis of isoleucine, valine, histidine, arginine, and chorismate. The G+T group increased pathways related to thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis, and decreased others involved into sulfur oxidation and methylerythritol phosphate. Conclusions: The influence of geranylgeraniol and tocotrienols supplementation on gut microbiome composition and function, suggests a prebiotic potential for the potential of geranylgeraniol and tocotrienols.Funding Sources: American River Nutrition, LLC, Hadley, MA

P06-027-20 Two Isomers of Ginger Root Extracts Modify Composition and Function of Gut Microbiota in Rats Treated with Neuropathic Pain 1340366 Chwan-Li Shen Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Moamen Elmassry Texas Tech University Rui Wang Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Abdul Hamood Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Volker Neugebauer Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Two Isomers of Ginger Root Extracts Modify Composition and Function of Gut Microbiota in Rats Treated with Neuropathic Pain Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Emerging evidence has suggested that gut microbiota plays a key role during the development of chronic pain, such as neuropathic pain (NP). This study was to evaluate the effects of two ginger root extract isomers (gingerols and shogaols) on the composition and function of gut microbiota in animals with NP.Methods: Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: sham group, spinal nerve ligation (SNL) group as the pain control group, SNL+gingerols-enriched ginger (GEG) extract group, and SNL+shogaols-enriched ginger (SEG) extract group. Animals in GEG and SEG groups were fed their respective diets on the day of SNL surgery for 30 days. At day 30, fecal samples were collected for microbiota composition and functional analyses. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted from fecal samples and microbiome data analysis was performed with QIIME2 and PICRUSt2. Data were analyzed using non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test to compare GEG and SEG with SNL group. Results: Based on the results of alpha-diversity analyses, neither GEG nor SEG treatment affected the evenness of microbiome. Gingerols or shogaols supplementation into the diet reduced the richness of the gut microbiome, compared to the SNL group. Relative to the SNL group, GEG group had an increase in the relative abundance of the genus Faecalitalea, while SEG group had an increase in the relative abundance of the genus Aerococcus and species Bacteroides massiliensis. In comparison to SNL group, both GEG and SEG groups showed a decrease in the relative abundance of the family Muribaculaceae and the genus Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group. Functional profiling results revealed that relative to the SNL group, both GEG and SEG supplementation increased the proportion of biosynthetic pathways related to energy metabolism (i.e., pentose phosphate pathway and sugar degradation) and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Furthermore, GEG and SEG differentially modified amino acid-related metabolic pathways, i.e., tyrosine degradation, tryptophan biosynthesis, arginine, and ornithine biosynthesis.Conclusions: GEG and SEG exhibited differential effects on the microbiome composition and function, suggesting a prebiotic potential for dietary ginger root intake in the management of NP.Funding Sources: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

P06-029-20 The HDAC Inhibitor Emodin Blocks Hypertension-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy: A Mediating Role for the Gut? 1341155 Levi Evans University of Nevada, Reno Brad Ferguson University of Nevada, Reno The HDAC Inhibitor Emodin Blocks Hypertension-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy: A Mediating Role for the Gut? Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Evidence suggests that food bioactives impact the epigenome to prevent pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Recently, we showed that emodin, an anthraquinone, attenuated pathological cardiac hypertrophy and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. However, we only examined the cardioprotective effects of emodin’s parent compound, not of emodin metabolites or of emodin-gut microbiome interactions. The microbiome has emerged as a key player in chronic diseases such as metabolic and cardiac disease. Thus, we hypothesized that emodin could reverse hypertension-induced changes in microbial communities.Methods: Normo- and hypertensive (angiotensin ii) C57/BL6 female mice were randomly assigned to receive vehicle (Veh, DMSO:PEG 1:1) or emodin (Emod, 30 mg/kg) for 14 days. Body weight was collected pre- and post-treatment and blood pressure assessed via tail-cuff. At study end, mice were euthanized and assessed for heart weight and fibrosis. In addition, stool samples and cecal content were collected to elucidate changes in microbial populations using 16S rRNA sequencing. Lastly, tissue was lysed and RNA isolated for RNA sequencing. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc was performed unless otherwise specified and pResults: Emodin significantly attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in female mice. No significant changes were observed for body weight or systolic blood pressure in response to hypertension or emodin. Lastly, preliminary analysis suggests that hypertension altered the microbiome, with evidence to support that emodin effects gut microbiota.Conclusions: Our data demonstrates that emodin attenuates pathological hypertrophy and fibrosis in female mice. Whether this attenuation in cardiac remodeling is driven, in part, by the actions of emodin on the gut the microbiome remains unclear and is currently an active topic of investigation in our lab.Funding Sources: This work is supported by the USDA NIFA (Hatch-NEV00767), the Dennis Meiss & Janet Ralston Fund for Nutri-epigenetic Research, the National Institute for General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) of the NIH (P20 GM130459) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the NIH (R15 HL143496) to B.S.F. Core facilities used for Research were supported by NIGMS of the NIH (P20 GM103554).

P06-030-20 Natural Products Sulforaphane and Brusatol Modulate NRF2 in Bovine Mammary Cells 1340098 Hunter Ford Oregon State University Sebastiano Busato Oregon State University Massimo Bionaz Oregon State University Natural Products Sulforaphane and Brusatol Modulate NRF2 in Bovine Mammary Cells Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: The objectives were to analyze the effect of the natural isothiocyanate sulforaphane, an agonist of NRF2, and the natural quassinoid brusatol, an NRF2 antagonist, on modulation of NRF2 in bovine mammary cells. The effects of each compound were analyzed in both serum from dairy cows before and after parturition as well as DMEM in order to better estimate in vivo effects. Given the heightened levels of oxidative stress experienced by high-producing dairy cattle, a better understanding the role of NRF2 in these animals and natural products that may modulate it is needed.Methods: Immortalized bovine mammary cells (MACT) were transfected with a luminescent gene reporter for NRF2 and cultured in media or serum collected from cows before (-292 days relative to calving) or after parturition (70 days relative to calving). In addition, cells were treated with either sulforaphane (SFN) or brusatol (BRU) in a series of concentrations for 24 hours in order to analyze the response of NRF2. NRF2 modulation was measured via a luciferase reporter assay. Cell viability and toxicity were also assessed using fluorescent dyes.Results: Treatment of MACT cells grown in either DMEM or serum with SFN resulted in significant NRF2 activation, but with cytotoxic effects seen as dose increased. At both 5 µM and 10 µM, treatment with SFN resulted in significant activation of NRF2 (pConclusions: SFN and BRU, can modulate NRF2 in bovine mammary cells in vitro but are potentially cytotoxic at higher doses. Additionally, culturing and treatment of cells in serum as opposed to DMEM resulted in improvements in cell viability while also affecting NRF2 activation by SFN.Funding Sources: Agricultural Research Foundation 2019-2021

P06-031-20 Probing the Structure-Activity Relationship of an Antioxidant Tuna-Backbone Derived Peptide 1341568 Varun Gopinatth Oregon State University Elaine Ballinger Oregon State University Jung Kwon Oregon State University Probing the Structure-Activity Relationship of an Antioxidant Tuna-Backbone Derived Peptide Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: DNA is easily degraded by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and oncedamaged can cause significant biological problems. Endogenous mechanisms exist toneutralize reactive oxygen species, but nutritional antioxidants provide extra protection againstcellular damage. There is interest in identifying antioxidant peptide nutraceuticals that canprovide health benefits when included in diets. Current research identifies antioxidant peptidesfrom natural sources but often stops short of examining mechanisms for activity. An antioxidantpeptide (APTBP) was previously characterized from tuna backbone protein. This studyinvestigates the structure-activity relationship of APTBP to identify how the specific peptidesequence contributes to the antioxidant activity. Better understanding of the mechanism ofantioxidant peptides can provide insight into future screens and combine with predictivesoftware to identify potential antioxidative sequences from protein sources of interest.Methods: Peptide array was synthesized by Thermo Fisher. Modifications were chosen in broadcategories with possible mechanistic impact including altering the peptide PI, disrupting thesecondary structure, increasing or decreasing hydrophobicity, and increasing aromaticity. Thearray was tested for activity based on the ability to scavenge ABTS free radical.Results: APTBP analogs without hydrophilic, and aromatic residues showed significant loss ofactivity, up to 76.8%. Notably, substitution of a single tryptophan on either terminal end of thepeptide resulted in up to 63.1% increased activity, while substitution of tryptophan on both endsdecreased activity by 10.3%.Conclusions: The antioxidant activity of APTBP is likely the result of a delicate interplay betweenamino acids in the peptide, but tryptophan residues had an important impact on activity.Tryptophan has an indole side chain, and is a non-polar, aromatic amino acid. The antioxidantactivity of ABTBP is significantly linked to the presence of tryptophan, indicating that aromaticityand electron sharing contributes majorly to the ability of ABTBP to scavenge free radicals. Theresults from this study can help in future research that aims to identify other potential antioxidantpeptides as well as ways to increase antioxidant activity of existing peptides.Funding Sources: OSU Honors College

P06-032-20 Protein Digests and Pure Peptides from Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) Prevented Adipogenesis and Its Associated Inflammation by Inhibition of PPARγ and NF-κB Pathways 1339880 Mariana Grancieri Universidade Federal de Viçosa Hercia Stampini Duarte Martino Universidade Federal de Viçosa Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Protein Digests and Pure Peptides from Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) Prevented Adipogenesis and Its Associated Inflammation by Inhibition of PPARγ and NF-κB Pathways Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: To evaluate the mechanism of action of the effect of digested total proteins (DTP), albumin, and glutelin from chia seed to prevent and inhibit inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Methods: Preadipocytes (3T3-L1) were differentiated into mature adipocytes and received DTP, digested albumin, or glutelin (1 mg/ml) from chia seed together with conditioned medium (CM) from inflamed macrophages during 48h (prevention), or the digested samples were added after 48h of CM-stimulated inflammation (inhibition). ROS and cytokines secretion (IL-10, IL-12, IL-6, MCP-1, PGE2, and TNF-α) were analyzed by ELISA and lipid accumulation by oil red-O staining, triglyceride content, lipase activity and expression of proteins (PPARγ, SREBP1, FAS, LPL, COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB) by western-blot. The interactions of peptides with FAS, MAGL, and PPARγ were evaluated in silico. Data analyses were performed in triplicate from two independent experiments by ANOVA and post-hoc of Tukey (p Results: DTP and digested albumin and glutelin in both, prevention and inhibition of induced inflammation, decreased the expression of PPARγ more than 50% (p Conclusions: Digested samples from chia seed were effective in preventing and even inhibiting inflammation in adipocytes by inhibition of PPARγ and NF-κB pathways which highlight the effectiveness these digested proteins against obesity complications.Funding Sources: CNPq and CAPES (Brazil), and NIFA HATCH (USA)

P06-036-20 Effect of Resistant Starch (RS) Wheat Supplementation on Satiety 1339954 Riley Hughes University of California, Davis Leslie Woodhouse Western Human Nutrition Research Center (WHNRC) Nancy Keim Western Human Nutrition Research Center (WHNRC) Effect of Resistant Starch (RS) Wheat Supplementation on Satiety Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: The objective of this analysis is to determine whether intake of wheat products high in resistant starch (RS) increase satiety relative to conventional wheat products via blunting of the glycemic response and stimulation of hormones such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, or ghrelin.Methods: Metabolic responses generated from a double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover clinical trial of RS and regular wheat were used to investigate whether RS supplementation affects subjective and objective measures of satiety relative to conventional wheat. Women and men consumed 3 or 4 rolls per day, respectively, made from RS (14-18g total dietary fiber, TDF) or conventional wheat (4-5.5g TDF) for 7 days during each arm of the trial. Linear mixed models of glycemic and satiety outcomes were used to determine the effect RS supplementation.Results: A total of 30 healthy adults ages 40-65 completed the study. We observed a significant effect of RS wheat on glycemic response such that postprandial glucose and insulin incremental area under the curve (iAUC) during RS supplementation were lower than during regular wheat consumption (p=0.004, pConclusions: The results of this analysis indicate that RS supplementation is effective at blunting the postprandial glycemic response but has marginal effects on objective and subjective measures of satiety. Further research is needed to determine the potential effects of providing RS in different doses, volumes (e.g. supplement versus whole food), food matrix (e.g. pasta versus rolls), or duration of exposure on satiety.Funding Sources: Funding was provided by the University of California Innovation Institute for Food and Health with gifts from Arcadia Biosciences and Ardent Mills.

P06-042-20 The Effect of a Fermented Soy-Based Dietary Food Product on Blood Lipids in Individuals at High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease 1341428 Sarah Jung Loma Linda University, School of Public Health Rawiwan Sirirat Center for Nutrition and Healthy Lifestyles, Loma Linda University School of Public Health Alice Kim Loma Linda University, School of Public Health Rita Amen Loma Linda University Amandeep Kaur Loma Linda University Alissa Ianchis Loma Linda University, School of Public Health Keiji Oda Center for Nutrition and Healthy Lifestyles, Loma Linda University School of Public Health Ella Haddad Loma Linda University Joan Sabaté Center for Nutrition and Healthy Lifestyles, Loma Linda University School of Public Health The Effect of a Fermented Soy-Based Dietary Food Product on Blood Lipids in Individuals at High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Previous reports indicate that intake of some soy products may be associated with improvements in blood lipids but few studies examined fermented soy foods. Q CAN PLUS ® is a functional food product derived from fermented soybeans. To evaluate the effects of fermented soy on cardiovascular risk factors, we implemented a clinical trial to compare the effects of the fermented soy powder (Q CAN PLUS ®) against a placebo (sprouted brown rice powder) in individuals at risk for cardiovascular diseases.Methods: Twenty-seven adults at risk for cardiovascular diseases (29-75 years old; 78% female; mean BMI [32.3 kg/m2 ± 7.3]) were randomized to consume either 2 pouches (12-15g powder/pouch) per day of fermented soy powder (Q CAN PLUS ®), or a sprouted brown rice powder for 12 weeks each, in a crossover design trial. The intervention phases were separated by a two week wash out period. Measurements and biospecimens were taken at baseline and at weeks 11 and 12 of each phase. Assessment included blood lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood insulin, and anthropometric measures. For each of the outcomes, a mixed model was fitted to compare changes from pre- to post-treatment and between treatments. The models included treatment, time, interaction between treatment and time, phase, visit within phase and enrollment period as fixed effects terms and subjects as random effects terms. Results: Between treatment results from the mixed model analysis show that fermented soy powder intake significantly reduced serum cholesterol (mean change -8.95 mg/dL; p=0.0024), LDL (mean change -6.96 mg/dL; p=0.0317), and HDL (-1.29 mg/dL; p=0.0036) compared with the sprouted brown rice powder. Within treatment results indicated that fermented soy powder significantly reduced total cholesterol (p=0.0073) and LDL (p=0.0132), while reductions in HDL were not statistically significant. Within treatment results were not statistically different for the placebo phase except for an increase in HDL (mean change 3.61; p=0.0026).Conclusions: These data indicate that regular intake of fermented soy powder results in a reduction in serum total and LDL cholesterol which may have beneficial implications for the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in adults.Funding Sources: BESO Biological Research Inc. Diamond Bar, CA, USA

P06-048-20 Hot Water Extract of Mulberry Leaf Ameliorates Hepatic Fat Accumulation and Inflammation in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet 1339904 Jibin Kim Ewha Womans University Chaemin Kim Ewha Womans University Mak-Soon Lee Ewha Womans University Hyunmi Ko Ewha Womans University Soojin Lee Ewha Womans University Jaerin Lee Ewha Womans University Yangha Kim Ewha Womans University Hot Water Extract of Mulberry Leaf Ameliorates Hepatic Fat Accumulation and Inflammation in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf extract on hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation in rats fed a high-fat diet.Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Each group fed normal diet (NOR), high-fat diet (HF), or HF supplemented with 0.8% (w/w) hot water extract of mulberry leaf (HF+ME) for 14 weeks.Results: The mulberry extract (ME) supplementation reduced body weight and white adipose tissues (epididymal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric) weights. Serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acids (FFAs), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were lower, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was higher in the HF+ME group compared to the HF group. The ME reduced the hepatic total lipid, TG, and TC levels compared to the HF group. The mRNA levels of genes related to fatty acid synthesis, such as CD36, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were down-regulated by the ME supplementation. In addition, the ME lowered the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), compared to the HF group. The serum TNF-α level of the HF+ME group was significantly lower than that of the HF group.Conclusions: These results suggested that the ME attenuated high-fat diet-induced hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation via regulating gene expression related to hepatic lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, it is postulated that the ME might be useful as a functional food ingredient to prevent obesity-induced hepatic fat accumulation and inflammation.Funding Sources: None

P06-055-20 Raspberry Polyphenol Extract Decreases NF-kB and IL-6 Expression in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages 1340405 Lena Lear Georgia State University Rami Najjar Georgia State University Rafaela Feresin Georgia State University Jessica Danh Georgia State University Raspberry Polyphenol Extract Decreases NF-kB and IL-6 Expression in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: To investigate whether raspberry polyphenol extract attenuates the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages.Methods: Raspberry polyphenol extract was prepared using methanolic extraction, followed by solvent evaporation and freeze-drying. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/ml of raspberry polyphenol extract in six-well plates. After 2 h, cells were then treated with 100 ng/ml of LPS for 6 h. Cells were collected for protein expression analysis of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and inflammatory cytokines, i.e., interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, via western blot. Results were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test.Results: As expected, LPS significantly increased NF-kB compared to control (P P = 0.005) compared to LPS alone. LPS treatment significantly increased the expression of IL-6 compared to the control group (P P P P P = 0.007).Conclusions: Results indicate that raspberry polyphenols possess anti-inflammatory properties suggesting a possible role as a complementary and alternative therapy to prevent inflammation. However, in vivo and human studies are needed to confirm this.Funding Sources: None

P06-056-20 Standardized High Versus Low Dose Cranberry Proanthocyanidin Extracts for Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection Confirmed by Pyuria in Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial 1341925 Vicky Leblanc Laval University Asma Babar Laval University Lyne Moore Laval University Stéphanie Dudonné Laval University Yves Desjardins Laval University Simone Lemieux Laval University Valérie Bochard Diana Foods Denis Guyonnet Diananova Amy Howell Rutgers University Sylvie Dodin Laval University Standardized High Versus Low Dose Cranberry Proanthocyanidin Extracts for Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection Confirmed by Pyuria in Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Cranberry products are often used by women to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) but literature regarding their efficacy remains discordant. The clinical efficacy of cranberry products for prevention of UTIs in healthy women could be increased by 1) using an optimal dose of cranberry extract standardized in proanthocyanidins (PACs); 2) adequate measure of compliance.The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of an optimal dose of cranberry extract standardized in PACs for the prevention of recurrent UTI confirmed by pyuria during a 24-week intervention period.Methods: One hundred and forty-five women with a history of recurrent UTI in the past 12 months were randomized to receive a dose of cranberry extract Urophenol™, standardized in PACs (2 x 18.5 mg PACs daily, n=72) or a control dose (2 x 1 mg PACs daily, n=73) for a 24-week period. Women were asked to contact the study coordinator if they presented symptoms of UTI and to provide a urine sample to evaluate the diagnosis by confirmation of pyuria. Since some women were unable to provide a urine sample in the presence of UTI symptoms, regression analyses were performed with two different approaches, 1) symptomatic UTI episodes without a urine sample were considered as no symptomatic UTIs with pyuria; 2) symptomatic UTI episodes without a urine sample were considered as symptomatic UTIs with pyuria. Analyses were adjusted for age.Results: No significant differences in the number of symptomatic UTI with pyuria were found between groups during the 24-week intervention period in intention to treat analyses using either approach (approach 1: incidence rate ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.57-1.68; approach 2: 0.86, 95% CI 0.56-1.32). Among women who experienced less than 5 UTIs in the year preceding enrolment, daily consumption of 2 x 18.5 mg PACs was associated with a decrease in the number of symptomatic UTIs compared to the control dose (approach 1: incidence rate ratio 0.65, 95% CI 0.31-1.37; approach 2: 0.54, 95% CI 0.30-0.99). Compliance to capsule intake was higher than 90% in both groups.Conclusions: In women who experience less than 5 UTIs in the last year, daily consumption of a standardized dose of 2 x 18.5 mg PACs could have a preventative impact on the incidence of symptomatic UTIs confirmed by pyuria.Funding Sources: Supported by Diana Foods and MAPAQ

P06-057-20 Mulberry Fruit Hot Water Extract Attenuates Adipose Tissue Inflammation with the Regulation of Macrophage Infiltration and M1/M2 Type Switching in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet 1339902 Jumi Lee Ewha Womans University Sunyoon Jung Ewha Womans University Mak-Soon Lee Ewha Womans University Hyunmi Ko Ewha Womans University Eunyoung Lee Ewha Womans University Soojin Lee Ewha Womans University Yangha Kim Ewha Womans University Mulberry Fruit Hot Water Extract Attenuates Adipose Tissue Inflammation with the Regulation of Macrophage Infiltration and M1/M2 Type Switching in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of mulberry fruit extract (ME) on adipose tissue inflammation in rats fed a high-fat diet.Methods: Male, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups and fed either a low-fat diet (LF, 10% kcal fat), high-fat diet (HF, 45% kcal fat), HF with 0.5% mulberry fruit extract (HF+LME), or HF with 1% mulberry fruit extract (HF+HME) for 14 weeks.Results: The serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations were significantly lower in the ME supplemented groups. In white adipose tissue (WAT), the HF+HME significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of adipogenic genes, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), and adipocyte protein2 (aP2). The HF+HME significantly decreased both levels of mRNA and protein of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1). The crown-like structure (CLS) and the mRNA expression of F4/80, a pan-macrophage marker, tended to be reduced in the ME supplemented groups. The ME supplemented groups down-regulated the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage markers, such as a cluster of differentiation (CD) 68, CD11c, and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2). On the other hand, the mRNA expression of CD163 and arginase1 (ARG1), an anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage marker, was up-regulated by the HF+HME.Conclusions: From these results, it is suggested that the ME might modulate the macrophage infiltration and phenotypic switching and alleviate adipose tissue inflammation in rats fed a high-fat diet.Funding Sources: None

P06-059-20 Anthocyanin-Containing Purple Potatoes Ameliorate DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice 1341734 Shiyu Li Purdue University Tianmin Wang Penn State University Baojun Xu Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University Vijay Indukuri Penn State University Jairam Vanamala Penn State University Lavanya Reddivari Purdue University Anthocyanin-Containing Purple Potatoes Ameliorate DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Ulcerative colitis (UC), a major form of inﬂammatory bowel disease (IBD), is on the rise worldwide. Approximately 3 million people suffer from IBD in the US alone, but the current therapeutic options (e.g., corticosteroids) come with adverse side effects including reduced ability to fight infections. Thus, there is a critical need for developing effective, safe and evidence-based food products with anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of purple-fleshed potato anthocyanins using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) murine model of colitis.Methods: Four weeks old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to control (AIN-93G diet), P15 (15% purple-fleshed potato) and P25 (25% purple-fleshed potato) diets for eight weeks. Colitis was induced by 2% DSS administration in drinking water for six days. Intestinal permeability was measured using FITC-dextran. Serum and colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured using ELISA and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide method, respectively. Flagellin was quantified using human embryonic kidney (HEK)-Blue-mTLR5 cells. RT-PCR was used to analyze the relative gene expression levels of cytokines and pathogenic bacteria abundance.Results: 1) Purple- fleshed potato supplementation suppressed (p ≤ 0.05) the DSS-induced reduction in body weight and colon length as well as the increase in spleen and liver weight. 2) P25 alone suppressed (p ≤ 0.05) the elevation in the intestinal permeability and serum MPO levels in DSS-exposed mice. 3) The colonic mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α were attenuated in mice consuming P25 diet. 4) However, both purple potato diets suppressed the relative abundance of specific pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and pks+ E. coli. However, flagellin levels were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in mice consuming the P25 diet alone.Conclusions: Purple-fleshed potato diet consumption dose-dependently ameliorated the DSS-induced elevation in gut permeability, oxidative stress and inflammation and pathogenic gut bacteria. Collectively, our study results suggest that purple-fleshed potatoes have the potential to be used as a functional food in the amelioration of UC symptoms.Funding Sources: USDA-NIFA awards 2016-67017-29285 and 2019-67017-29258

P06-060-20 From Harvest To Consumer: Are Grape’s Health-Beneficial Properties Modified With Time In Storage? 1341914 Marta Lima University of New Hampshire Rebecca Sideman University of New Hampshire Annasamy Chandrakala University of New Hampshire Molly Hanlon University of New Hampshire From Harvest To Consumer: Are Grape’s Health-Beneficial Properties Modified With Time In Storage? Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Currently, the intake of fruits and vegetables is lower than the recommended amounts, despite the known association between consumption of plant foods and prevention of several chronic diseases. Grapes are a widely accepted and consumed fruit, and one of the richest in phytochemicals that are beneficial to human health. Previously, we reported that growing cold hardy table grapes on two different grapevine training systems, Modified Munson (MM) and Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP), modulates their amount of total phenolics and antioxidant potential at harvest. However, consumers access to fruit is usually not immediate upon harvest, but could take weeks/months before reaching stores. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether phenolics and antioxidant potential of table grapes grown on different training systems could be maintained post-harvest in cold storage.Methods: Cold-hardy table grapes variety Mars were grown on two grapevine training systems, MM and VSP. At harvest, randomly picked grape clusters from each training system were placed in clamshells (2 clusters per clamshell) and placed in cold storage (0±1 °C). After 1, 2 and 3 weeks post-harvest, grapes (triplicate clamshells) were homogenized and Brix, titratable acidity, antioxidant potential and total phenolics were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using 2-way ANOVA.Results: Total phenolics were greater for MM compared with VSP (MM 2.56 vs. VSP 1.84 mM Catechin equivalents; p=0.0001), but were reduced in cold storage irrespective of training system (p=0.0002). The MM training system had greater Brix (MM 17.9 vs. VSP 15.8 °Bx; p2+ Equivalents; p= 0.0379) than VSP system. The results also showed an effect of training system x time interaction (p=0.0371) on titratable acidity.Conclusions: Our data suggest that greater total phenolics, antioxidant potential and Brix associated with the MM compared with VSP training system are maintained in the post-harvest period. Our data also suggest that nutritional properties of grapes is reduced post-harvest, despite being in cold storage. Thus, grapevine training system and cold-storage play a role in producing grapes with increased health-beneficial properties.Funding Sources: USDA NIFA Hatch

P06-066-20 Ferulic Acid and Anthocyanin from Colored Maize Correlated with Prevention of High-Fat Induced Obesity in Mice by Modulating Lipid, Glucose and Inflammatory Pathways 1340815 Diego Luna-Vital University of Illinois Ivan Luzardo Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Liceth Cuellar Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Guadalupe Loarca Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Ferulic Acid and Anthocyanin from Colored Maize Correlated with Prevention of High-Fat Induced Obesity in Mice by Modulating Lipid, Glucose and Inflammatory Pathways Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: To compare the anti-obesity efficacy of different concentrations of phenolic-rich water extract from purple maize pericarp (PPE) in a murine model of obesity for 12 weeks.Methods: Forty C57BL/6 mice (n= 10/group) were randomized: standard diet (SD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + 200 mg PPE/kg BW (200 PPE), and HFD + 500 mg PPE/kg BW (500 PPE). PPE contained mainly ferulic acid, anthocyanins, and other phenolics (total phenolics: 448.5 µg/mg dry weight, DW). Body weight was measured weekly. Blood glucose and triglycerides were determined biweekly. After 12 weeks, liver and adipose tissue were collected. Protein expression was performed in blood plasma. A gene array was performed on adipose tissue and liver. Histological analyses were performed in adipose tissue and liver.Results: Bodyweight (-27.9%), blood glucose (-26.5%), and blood triglycerides (-22.1%) were most attenuated (p Conclusions: Results suggested that the administration of a phenolic-rich extract from colored maize prevented obesity mainly through the modulation of TLR and AMPK signaling pathways reducing adipogenesis and adipose inflammation, and promoting energy expenditure.Funding Sources: University of Illinois NIFA-USDA-HATCH

P06-069-20 Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) Digested Total Protein Prevented Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Reduce Obesity Complications in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet 1340095 Hercia Martino University Federal de Viçosa/ Cornell University Mariana Grancieri Universidade Federal de Viçosa Renata Toledo Federal University of Vicosa Thaisa Veridiano Federal University of Vicosa Cintia Tomaz Sant'Ana Federal University of Vicosa Neuza Costa Federal University of Espirito Santo Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) Digested Total Protein Prevented Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Reduce Obesity Complications in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: To evaluate the effects of digested total proteins (DTP) from chia seed to prevent adipogenesis and adipose tissue inflammation in mice fed a high-fat diet.Methods: C57Bl/6 black mice (n=44; 8 weeks old) where divided in 4 groups (n=12 each): negative control (NC; standard diet AIN-93M); positive control (PC; high fat diet- HFD- 60% of lipids); normal diet + DTP (NH; standard diet + 400 mg/kg of body/day of DTP); high-fat diet plus DTP (HFH; HFD + 400mg/kg of body/day of DTP). After 9 weeks of treatment, the animals were euthanized and the blood and the adipose tissue (total) were collected. Plasma was used to analyze total cholesterol, high-density (HDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerides (TGL), aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferase levels by colorimetry. Waist circumference was measured by metric tape in the middle portion between the anus and mouth and the quantity of p-p65-NF-κB and PPAR Y ELISA test. Histomorphometric analysis was determined in adipose tissue staining with hematoxylin/eosin to determined adipocytes area and foci of inflammation by the average of 1000 cells/group. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and post-hoc of Newman-Kews (p Results: DTP from chia seed reduced the plasmatic levels of total cholesterol (-17.5%), LDL (-42.8%), TGL (-12.3%), and waist circumference (-5.5%) in obesity mice DTP-treated (p p p p > 0.05). The levels of AST and ALT were not affected by HFD or DTP (p > 0.05).Conclusions: DTP from chia seed had an anti-inflammatory and even an anti-adipogenic effect. These results show the effectiveness of digested proteins from chia seed against obesity and its associated inflammation.Funding Sources: CNPq and CAPES (Brazil), and ACES (USA)

P06-070-20 Ability of γ-tocotrienol to Mitigate Inflammation and Preserve Lung Function in a Model of E-Cigarette Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 1341928 Maureen Meister Georgia State University Will Conrad Georgia State University Albert Adhya Georgia State University Shiying Zhang Georgia State University Chi In Vong Georgia State University Xiangming Ji Georgia State University Ability of γ-tocotrienol to Mitigate Inflammation and Preserve Lung Function in a Model of E-Cigarette Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a leading cause of death and treatment options for this condition remain scant. This study aims to examine the ability of γ-tocotrienol to mitigate disease progression in an animal model of COPD induced by e-cigarettes. We hypothesize that γ-tocotrienol will attenuate inflammation and subsequently slow the progression of e-cigarette induced COPD.Methods: Scnn1b-Tg+ mice (n=10/group), were exposed to e-cigarette vapor twice daily for 10 days in an acute model and daily for eight weeks in a chronic model with or without γ-tocotrienol at a dose of 100mg/kg/day. Following the treatment, animals underwent pulmonary function testing. Upon sacrifice, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum were collected for analysis of cytokine expression through cytokine array. Markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the lung were assessed via western blot. Mucus accumulation and structural changes (i.e., emphysema) were measured through Periodic Acid-Schiff and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, respectively. Collagen deposition were evaluated by Sirius Red staining and Sircol Collagen assay. Cell morphology in BAL fluid was analyzed by Diff staining.Results: In the acute model, γ-tocotrienol was evidenced to decrease collagen deposition and mucus accumulation in the bronchioles. Additionally, γ-tocotrienol reduced expression of cytokines C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand (CX3CL) 1 (p=0.017), interleukin (IL) 4 (p=0.0038) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) 1 (p=0.0215). Evidenced by large effect size, pulmonary function tests evidenced the ability of γ-tocotrienol to preserve lung function following 8 weeks of e-cigarette exposure. In addition, macrophage presence in BAL fluid was decreased following in mice supplemented with γ-tocotrienol following e-cigarette exposure. Conclusions: Our results show the ability of γ-tocotrienol to attenuate the inflammatory response, and preserve lung function in models of e-cigarette induced COPD. These results indicate potential beneficial effects of γ-tocotrienol as an ancillary treatment in COPD.Funding Sources: This work was supported by FAMRI foundation “METABOLIC REPROGRAMMING IN PATIENTS WITH COPD”, YCSA 2015

P06-071-20 Recovery and Bioactivities of Pacific Dulse Protein and Its Hydrolysates 1341217 Rufa Mendez Oregon State University Jung Kwon Oregon State University Recovery and Bioactivities of Pacific Dulse Protein and Its Hydrolysates Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Pacific dulse (Palmaria mollis) is a protein-rich red algae cultivated in the Pacific Northwest, originally as aquaculture feed and now expanding to human consumption. Our previous work showed that the dietary supplementation of dulse exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vivo using an obese murine model. This study aims to optimize dulse protein recovery and asses their bioactivities that may be associated to the earlier observation.Methods: Fresh dulse samples were washed, freeze-dried and milled into powder. Effect of extraction ratio, cellulolytic enzyme addition and extractant type on protein recovery was assessed. Osborne method was employed to recover protein fractions soluble in aqueous, saline (3.5% NaCl), alkaline (0.12N NaOH) and alcoholic (70% ethanol) solutions. Dulse hydrolysates were prepared using five commercial proteases. Electrophoretic profiles were determined using SDS-PAGE. Anti-inflammatory activity of samples were tested against LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages while antioxidant activity was assessed using ABTS radical scavenging assay.Results: Extraction of Pacific dulse protein was optimal at 1:25 (wt/vol) extraction ratio. Use of 2% (vol/vol) cellulolytic enzymes enhanced the recovery by more than 2-folds. The use of Osborne method increased the protein yield as some salt-soluble and alcohol soluble proteins were also recovered. Aqueous soluble protein hydrolysates were non-cytotoxic and exerted significant anti-inflammatory activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages as evidenced by reduced LPS-induced nitrite production. Both aqueous and alkaline soluble protein and their respective hydrolysates achieved effective radical scavenging in vitro indicating antioxidant effects.Conclusions: Our results suggest that dulse is a promising resource for bioactive proteins and peptides recovery. Further work is currently being conducted to confirm the observed bioactivities, identify active peptides, and elucidate mechanism of action. Funding Sources: Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation

P06-074-20 Efficacy of a Novel Integrated Active Herbal Formulation in Experimentally Induced Rat Model for Dry Eye Disease 1340230 Abhijeet Morde OmniActive Health Technologies Omer Ersin Muz Yunus Emre State Hospital Cemal Orhan Firat University Fusun Erten Firat University Mehmet Tuzcu Firat University, Turkey Ibrahim Hanifi Ozercan Firat University Kazim Sahin Firat University, Turkey Muralidhara Padigaru OmniActive Health Technologies Deshanie Rai OmniActive Health Technologies Efficacy of a Novel Integrated Active Herbal Formulation in Experimentally Induced Rat Model for Dry Eye Disease Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: Dry eye is common condition of eye with insufficient production of tears leading to inadequate lubrication of eyes. It is chronic in nature & may be associated with discomfort & eye redness, blurred vision & tear film instability leading to potentially damaged ocular surfaces. Inflammation & oxidative stress play significant role in pathogenesis of disease by causing ocular surface disruption. Traditional Rx for dry eyes such as artificial tears, punctual plugs, prescription eye drops, etc. doesn't adequately address underlying causes of dry eyes. Further many of treatments are in form of eye drops that require regular administration to eyes, which is inconvenient & contains preservatives that further irritate eyes. We evaluated integrated active formulation administered orally to alleviate symptoms of dry eyes in rat modelMethods: We used proprietary formulation technology to blend multiple ingredients into an integrated oil suspension (OS) that can be conveniently used in an oral dosage form. Ingredients included bioavailable form of Curcumin, Lutein/Zeaxanthin (L/Z) and Vit D3 formulated as an integrated product. Dry eye condition was created by administration of BAK (benzalkonium chloride) to eyes of female Wistar rat twice daily for 14 days, followed by initiation of supplementation by administering integrated dry eye formulation by oral gavage for 4 weeks at dose of 100 & 200 mg/kg b.w. to evaluate effect of this novel formulation. 7 rats were included in each group.Results: There was significant improvement in tear volume, tear breakup time, tear film integrity & reduced overall inflammation, histopathological examination with supplementation. Our formulation helped in lowering oxidative stress as evidenced by significant reduced serum & corneal MDA, increased corneal SOD & corneal GPx. Levels of inflammatory cytokines such as NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 & IL-8 were significantly reduced & protective proteins such as MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC and MMP-9 were restored by supplementation with integrated dry eye formulation which were otherwise lowered in dry eye condition.Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest that our novel integrated active formulation of Curcumin, L/Z, Vit D3 is effective in alleviating symptoms of dry eye condition with multi-modal mechanism of action in dose dependent manner.Funding Sources: OmniActive Health Technologies Limited

P06-078-20 Provitamin A Cassava Hydrolysate with Lactobacillus rhamnosus Gg Improves Serum Lipid Profile in Wistar Rats 1341008 Olufunke Ezekiel University of Ibadan Modupeola Oguntoye University of Ibadan Provitamin A Cassava Hydrolysate with Lactobacillus rhamnosus Gg Improves Serum Lipid Profile in Wistar Rats Dietary Bioactive Components Objectives: There is considerable interest in the development of high quality food products and dietary supplements that help in weight management. Drug intervention could have a negative side effect. Consumption of probiotics such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG cells through food products could offer a positive approach to weight management. Thus, probiotic beverages could serve as a healthy alternative in weight management.The objective of this study is to determine the effect of probiotic beverage such as provitamin A cassava hydrolysate carrying Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in weight management.Methods: Provitamin A cassava hydrolysate was inoculated with free (PHF) or alginate-encapsulated (PHE) Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) cells in doses 1, 2 or 4 x 1010 CFU/ml, and administered orally to adult Wistar rats (120-150 g, n=40 males, 8 groups). All rats were dosed orally once daily for 4 weeks, recording weekly body weight changes as percentage change, and compared against Control (distilled water). Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein) were determined after sacrificing the rats. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05.Results: The body weight gain in control rats was significantly higher (α0.05) by the end of the 4th week (40.00 %) than PHF or PHE groups at doses 1, 2 or 4 x 1010 CFU/ml (34.59, 24.38 and 8.04%, or 30.34, 23.49 and 18.24% respectively) which reduced with increasing doses. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein were higher in control rats (65.40, 56.60 and 29.48 mg/dL respectively) than in PHF or PHE groups at dose 4 x 1010 CFU/ml (54.60, 44.40 and 27.48 mg/dL, and 62.40, 46.60 and 23.12 mg/dL respectively).Conclusions: Provitamin A cassava hydrolysate with L. rhamnosus GG was able to induce a transient weight reduction in rats, owing to its potential in reducing serum cholesterol and exerting anti-obesity effect. Thus it could be consumed as a beverage targeting weight management.Funding Sources: Self